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"Historians of the Middle East in the long nineteenth century have often considered empire-building the preserve of European powers. This book revises this picture by exploring how the Ottomans re-conquered and ruled large parts of present-day Yemen between 1849 and the end of World War I, after more than two centuries of independence under local dynasties. Drawing on a wide range of sources and on recent scholarship on empire and colonialism Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference shows how the concepts and practices of Ottoman imperial rule were shaped through the encounters between Ottoman officials, their European rivals, and local communities. The result is a fresh look at the nature of governance in the late Ottoman Empire more generally."

"In Islamic law the world was made up of the House of Islam and the House of War with the Ottoman Sultan--the perceived successor to the Caliphs--supreme ruler of the Islamic world. However, Suraiya Faroqhi demonstrates that there was no iron curtain between the Ottoman and other worlds but rather a long-established network of diplomatic, financial, cultural and religious connections. These extended to the empires of Asia and the modern states of Europe ... Based on a huge study of original and early modern sources, including diplomatic records, travel and geographical writing, as well as personal accounts."

"Sejak Republik Turki terbentuk, Turki selalu mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai bagian dari Barat. Hal ini berdampak pada perumusan politik luar negeri yang berorientasi Barat, dengan menjadi bagian dari berbagai perkembangan politik internasional Barat. Pemerintahan Turki saat ini, yang dipimpin oleh Adelet ve Kalkιnma Partisi (AKP), menunjukkan adanya kontradiksi terhadap tradisi politik luar negeri Turki. Dalam periode pertama kepemimpinannya (2002- 2007), AKP menjadikan isu integrasi Uni Eropa sebagai prioritas utama dalam politik luar negerinya. Namun kemudian, dalam periode kedua kepemimpinannya (2007 dan seterusnya), AKP mulai secara berani menunjukkan keterlibatan aktifnya dalam berbagai isu di Timur Tengah dan juga kawasan lain, mulai dari Afrika hingga Amerika Latin. Perubahan ini terjadi dalam satu rezim kepemimpinan, sehingga memunculkan perdebatan mengapa hal ini dapat terjadi. Dengan mengkaji tulisan berbagai pengamat (Turki dan non-Turki) mulai dari tahun 2007 yang memberikan pandangannya mengenai perubahan politik luar negeri Turki, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan politik luar negeri Turki di era AKP diartikan sebagai perubahan orientasi politik luar negeri dari Westernoriented ke self-oriented, yaitu pemusatan pertimbangan preferensi politik luar negeri ke arah internal Turki, dengan mengakui potensi yang dimiliki dan mengharmonisasikan faktor internal dan eksternal sambil beradaptasi dengan perkembangan sistem internasional. Perubahan ini disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang mencakup tiga level analisis (individu, negara, dan global) dalam tiga cakupan isu (keamanan, ekonomi, dan identitas) yang berpengaruh terhadap hubungan luar negeri Turki dan persepsi internasional terhadap Turki.

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Since the Republic is formed, Turkey has always been identifying itself as part of the West. This leads to the formulation of foreign policy which is Westernoriented, by involving in various Western international politics. The current regime, Adelet ve Kalkιnma Partisi (AKP), started to initiate some policies which are contradictive to the Turkey’s long-term foreign policy tradition. In the first period (2002-2007), AKP made European Union integrations as its foreign policy priority. Yet, in the second term (2007 onwards), AKP started to blatently involve in various issues in Middle East, and also other regions from Africa to Latin America. This phenomenon occurred in one regime that raised questions on why this change occurred. By analyzing various literatures written by Turkish and non- Turkish observers in 2007 onward, I argue that change in Turkey’s foreign policy in the AKP era should be understood as change in foreign policy orientation from Western-oriented to self-oriented, which means centralization of foreign policy preferences based on internal consideration through acknowledging self-potentials and harmonization of internal and external factors while adjusting to the changing international system. This change in Turkey's foreign policy is driven by various factors ranging from security, economy, and identity issue in three level of analysis (individual, state, and global) that affect Turkey’s foreign relations and international perception on Turkey."