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"Arab Springs telah dikenal luas di seluruh penjuru negri arab bahkan dunia international, Arab Springs adalah rangkaian protes dan gelombang demonstrasi di seluruh Timur Tengah dan kawasan Afrika atau dikenal juga dengan Kebangkitan Arab atau ‘Pemberontakan Arab’. Pada awalnya pemberontakan terjadi di negara Tunisia lalu menjalar ke negara negara Afrika Utara dan para masyarakat negara Arab lainya di kawasan Asia yang ikut melakukan hal yang serupa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi studi kepustakaan dan penelitian sejarah dan teori pembaruan pemerintah . Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah gerakan- gerakan pemberontakan di berbagai negara arab yang menuntut adanya perubahan dalam tatanan pemerintahan negara tersebut meliputi negara Tunisia, Mesir dan Suriah.

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Arab Springs has been widely known across the Arab country and even internationally, Arab Springs is a series of protests and demonstrations across the Middle East and Africa region also known as Arab Awakening or 'Arab Revolt'. At first revolt took place in Tunisia and spread to countries countries of North Africa and the Arab countries other communities in the region who participated did a similar thing.

This study used a literature study and historical research methode and government renewal theory. The results of this study are rebellion movements in the variety of Arab countries that require changes in the governance structure of the country covering states of Tunisia, Egypt and Syria."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh revolusi yang terjadi pada negara-negara Timur Tengah sejak akhir tahun 2007 sampai sekarang. Gelombang demokratisasi yang disebut denga Arab Spring dimulai dari Tunisia dan terus Mesir, Libya dan Suriah. Menariknya, revolusi terjadi di negara-negara yang secara ekonomi rendah dan secara politik menganut sistem republik. Negara-negara kaya yang berada di bawah sistem monarki berhasil untuk menangani dinamika politik mereka. Namun, negara-negara Teluk khususnya Arab Saudi, mulai khawatir karena revolusi yang melanda beberapa negara di Timur Tengah dipastikan akan mempengaruhi negara mereka. ,,,,,,This research is motivated by the revolution that happen to the Middle East states since the end of 2007 to the present day. The wave of so called democratization started from Tunisia and continued to Egypt, Libya, and Syria. Interestingly, the revolution happened in the countries that are economically low and politically under the republic system. The rich countries that are under monarchy system succeeded to handle their political dynamics. However, the Gulf countries in particular Saudi Arab, has started to worry since the revolution that hit some countries in the Middle East also influence their countries."

"This volume is a lively and scholarly illustrated account of the tumultuous events in key countries in the Middle East and North Africa during and since the period of the Arab Spring that began in December 2010."

"Jurnal ini dibuat untuk mencari tahu dan menjelaskan tentang fenomena arab spring. Pada awal 2011 dunia menyaksikan perubahan situasi politik di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Di mulai dari demonstrasi di Tunisia pada rezim politik di di bawah kepemimpinan Ben Ali sebagai presiden Tunisia pada awal Januari. Peristiwa ini dengan segera menyebar ke Mesir, Yaman, dan Libya kemudian pada beberapa negara di Timur Tengah dan AfrikaUtara. Tidak adanya praktek demokrasi melanggar hak asasi manusia dan politik terror yang di lakukan oleh rezim arab ini selama beberapa dekade, berujung pada munculnya kebencian kepada pemerintahan tirani dan korup.sampai sekarang, banyak negara yang masih berusaha untuk menggulingkan rezim pemerintahan ini, sedangkan beberapa negara lain masih dalam proses transisi demokrasi.

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This paper was held to find and explain about the Arab Spring phenomeonon. The first half of 2011 the world witnessed political transformation of Middle East and North Africa. Beginning with Tunisia`s protests to the political regime under leadership of Ben Ali as Tunisa`s president in early January. This momentum soon spread out to Egypt, Yaman and Libya then to several countries in Middle East and North Africa, an utter lack of democratic practices violence of human rights and a politic of terror employed by these Arab regimes for many decades, which can cause hatred, and led to growing resentment to the corrupt and dictatorship government. Until today many countries still fight to overthrown the regimes, others are in the process of democratic transisition."

"Latar belakang penulisan karya ilmiah ini berawal dari ketertarikan penulis tentang fenomena Arab Spring yang menjadi awal kemunculan dari konflik-konflik yang terjadi di Timur Tengah, khususnya Suriah. Konflik-konflik ini mengakibatkan penduduk Suriah harus mengungsi di negara lain. Jerman menjadi negara Eropa pertama yang menerima para pengungsi Suriah dengan tangan terbuka. Hal ini berbeda dengan tanggapan negara-negara Timur Tengah yang tidak terlalu terbuka dalam menerima para pengungsi Suriah. Dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penulis menggunakan metode ini dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yang bersumber dari surat kabar, jurnal, dan buku mengenai pengungsi Suriah di Jerman. Temuan sementara yang penulis dapat sampaikan bahwa alasan penduduk Suriah mengungsi di Jerman antara lain karena perang saudara dan juga fenomena ISIS yang muncul di negara tersebut. Para pengungsi ini memilih negara Jerman untuk dijadikan tempat mengungsi karena Jerman sangat terbuka dalam menerima pengungsi. Hal ini dilakukan Jerman karena pengalaman di masa lalu yang pernah merasakan menjadi pengungsi dan juga pernah menampung pengungsi dalam jumlah besar. Para pengungsi Suriah di Jerman tidak hanya ditangani oleh pemerintah Jerman saja, akan tetapi lembaga UNHCR juga turut berperan dalam menangani para pengungsi. Hingga saat ini terdapat beberapa masalah yang dirasakan oleh para pengungsi Suriah di Jerman, namun tidak menghalangi mereka untuk tetap tinggal di sana.

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This journal is written based on Arab Spring phenomenon around the Middle East. This phenomenon became the beginning of the conflicts in the Middle East especially in Syria. These conflicts led to Syrian people must be fled in other countries. Germany became the first European country that receives Syrian refugees with an open arms. Contrast with the responses of the Middle Eastern countries that are not too open in accepting Syrian refugees. This journal uses descriptive method. The author uses this method with the approach of literature sourced from newspapers, thesis, and books about the Syrian refugees in Germany. The research results in the hypothesis that the Syrian refugees reasons to flee in Germany are because the civil war and ISIS phenomenon in that state. The Syrian people choose Germany to be an assylum for them is because Germany accepting them with open arms. Germany did that based on their history and experience in accepting refugees. Syrian refugees in Germany are not only handled by the government, but UNHCR also played a role in handling the refugees. Until now there are some problems perceived by the Syrian refugees in Germany, but it did not deter them to stay there."

"Artikel ini membahas tentang perkembangan sinema di Mesir pada tahun 2011-2020. Industri film Mesir mengalami krisis selama periode krisis pasca peristiwa Arab Spring tahun 2011-2013 yang berdampak pada penurunan jumlah produksi film. Selama masa krisis terdapat dua jenis film yang mengisi perfilman nasional, yaitu film komersial yang berfokus pada kuantitas produksi untuk meraih profit sebesar-besarnya dan film independen yang berfokus pada kualitas sinematografi. Di samping itu layanan video on demand berkembang sebagai metode distribusi film baru seiring meningkatnya penggunaan internet. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perfilman Mesir mengalami kebangkitan serta kembali produktif sejak tahun 2016 akibat berkembangnya produksi film independen, distribusi film secara daring, dan kerjasama yang baik dalam komunitas film. Pada penyusunan artikel ini digunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan studi pustaka terhadap beberapa buku, jurnal, dan sumber resmi yang terkait. Teori pada penulisan ini adalah teori Third Cinema oleh Teshome Gabriel, yaitu Third Cinema sebagai bentuk revolusi estetika dan politik dalam film yang mencerminkan kehidupan rakyat secara realistis.

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This article discusses the development of cinema in Egypt in the period of 2011-2020. The Egyptian film industry experienced a crisis during the critical period after the Arab Spring event in 2011-2013 which resulted in a decline in the number of film productions. During the crisis period, there were two types of films which are present in cinema, namely commercial films which focused on the quantity of production to achieve maximum profit, and the others are independent films which focused on their quality of cinematography. In addition, video on demand services are developing as a new film distribution method along with the increasing use of the internet. This study finds that Egyptian cinema has experienced a revival and has been productive again since 2016 due to the development of independent film production, online film distribution, and good cooperation in the film community. In preparing this article, a qualitative method was used by conducting a literature study of several books, journals, and related official sources. The theory used in this writing is the theory of Third Cinema by Teshome Gabriel, namely Third Cinema as a form of aesthetic and political revolution in films that reflect the social reality."

"Fridays of Rage reveals for the first time Al Jazeeras surprising rise to that most respected of all Western media positions: the watchdog of democracy. Al Jazeera served as the nursery for the Arab worlds democratic revolutions, promoting Friday as a day of rage and popular protest. This book gives readers a glimpse of how Al Jazeera has strategically cast its journalists as martyrs in the struggle for Arab freedom while promoting itself as the mouthpiece and advocate of the Arab public. In addition to heralding a new era of Arab democracy, Al Jazeera has come to have a major influence on Arab perceptions of US involvement in the Arab world, the Arab-Israeli conflict, the rise of global Islamic fundamentalism, and the expansion of the political Far Right. Al Jazeeras blueprint for Muslim democracy was part of a vision announced by the network during its earliest broadcasts. Al Jazeera presented a mirror to an Arab world afraid to examine itself and its democratic deficiencies. But rather than assuming that Al Jazeera is a monolithic force for positive transformation in Arab society, Fridays of Rage examines the potentially dark implications of Al Jazeeras radical reconceptualization of media as a strategic tool or weapon. As a powerful and rapidly evolving source of global influence, Al Jazeera embodies many paradoxes-the manifestations and effects of which are only now becoming apparent. Fridays of Rage guides readers through this murky territory, where journalists are martyrs, words are weapons, and facts are bullets."