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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang program advokasi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) pada Faith Based Organizations (studi kasus Migrant Institute Dompet Dhuafa) sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan perlindungan bagi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan strategi penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan program advokasi di Migrant Institute telah dilaksanakan empat jenis advokasi, yaitu: advokasi klien, advokasi masyarakat, advokasi legislatif, dan advokasi administratif. Unsur faith pun banyak mempengaruhi cara pandang dan pelaksanaan advokasi di Migrant Institute. Lebih lanjut pihak lembaga harus memperhatikan faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat pelaksanaan advokasi untuk memaksimalkan perlindungan bagi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is discusses the implementation of an advocacy program on Faith - Based Organizations ( Migrant Institute Dompet Dhuafa case study) in an effort to improve the protection of Indonesian Workers. This study is a qualitative research strategy case study. The results of the study revealed that in the implementation of advocacy programs at the Migrant Institute has been implemented in four types of advocacy, namely: client advocacy, community advocacy, legislative advocacy, and administrative advocacy. Elements affected how much faith and advocacy work in the Migrant Institute. Furthermore, the agency must consider the factors supporting and inhibiting factors to maximize the implementation of advocacy for the protection of Indonesian Workers ."

"Ketahanan keluarga yang kuat adalah aspek penting dalam rangka mengantisipasi datangnya ancaman atas terpenuhinya kebutuhan pokok sebuah keluarga. Kesanggupan sebuah keluarga untuk dapat mencukupi kebutuhan primer keluarganya juga disebut sebagai ketahanan keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI yang telah dipulangkan pada mengidentifikasi PMI yang terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan, dan mengidentifikasi implikasi program pemberdayaan terhadap ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara sebagai instrument utama. Informan terdiri dari perwakilan BP2MI (2) dan PMI purna yang berasal dari Kabupaten Karawang (7). Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ketahanan ekonomi keluarga, teori pemberdayaan masyarakat, ketahanan nasional dan konsep ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI setelah terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketahanan ekonomi PMI setelah mengikuti program pemberdayaan belum optimal.  Hal ini diukur dengan salah satu indikator ketahanan keluarga yang dirilis KemenPPA 2016. Strategi terhadap ketahanan keluarga PMI yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah harus memberikan dampak konkrit kepada PMI yang dipulangkan ke Indonesia.

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Strong family resilience is an important aspect in anticipating threats to the fulfillment of a families basic needs. The ability of a family to be able to provide for the primary needs of the family is also referred to as family resilience. The aim of the research is to identify the condition of the economic resilience of PMI families who have been sent home to identify PMI who are accommodated in empowerment programs  for the economic resilience of PMI families. This study uses a qualitative approach with informants consisted of BP2MI representatives (2) and full-time PMI is from Karawang Regency (7). The theories and concepts used in this study are the theory of family economic resilience, community empowerments theory, national resilience and the concept of family resilience. This study analyzes the condition of the PMI family’s economic resilience after being accommodated in the empowerment program. The results showed that PMI’s economic resilience after participating in the program was not optimal. This is measured by one of the family resilience indicator released by KemenPPA 2016. The strategy for PMI family resilience proclaimed by the government must have a concret impact on PMI who are repatriated to Indonesia."

"Pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Isu kesehatan masyarakat kemudian menjadi prioritas utama pemerintah dalam pengambilan kebijakan dibidang ketenagakerjaan. Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) juga terkena dampak pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Pra Penempatan Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) Pasca Masa Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dan pengumpulan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia program perlindungan pra penempatan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia CPMI telah dilaksanakan secara maksimal oleh UPT BP2MI dengan memprioritaskan kesehatan pekerja migran pada masa pandemi ataupun pasca pandemi, serta mengimplementasikan kebijakan pelindungan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Indonesia pada saat pandemi COVID-19. Adapun faktor yang menjadi hambatan atau kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan pasca penempatan buruh Migran Indonesia yaitu kurangnya sosialisasi dari perangkat yang terkait serta peraturan yang tidak konsisten, sehingga mengakibatkan kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan kebijakan terkait pra penempatan calon pekerja migran. Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah memberi pelajaran bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk membuat kebijakan pelindungan kepada CPMI yang bersifat fleksibel dan sesuai dengan isu termutakhir.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected labour conditions in Indonesia. Public health issues then become the government's top priority in making policies in the labour sector. Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) are also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the Implementation of Pre-placement Protection Policies for Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) after the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study of UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, and document collection. The results showed that the implementation of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers pre-placement protection programme for prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers CPMI has been implemented optimally by UPT BP2MI by prioritising the health of migrant workers during the pandemic or post-pandemic, and implementing protection policies taken by the Government of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.The factors that become obstacles or constraints in the implementation of post-placement protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers are the lack of socialisation from related devices and inconsistent changes in regulations that in turn resulting in less than optimal implementation of policies related to pre-placement of prospective migrant workers. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided lessons for the Indonesian government to make protection policies for CPMI that are flexible and in accordance with the latest issues."

"Skripsi ini memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif mengenai bagaimana peraturan yang diatur dalam International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families mengenai pekerja migran di suatu negara, dan memberikan penjelasan bagaimana pengaturan tenaga kerja asing berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan), berikut dengan penerapan dari kedua instrumen tersebut terhadap studi beberapa kasus tenaga kerja asing yang terjadi di Indonesia. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, Penulis melakukan studi literatur dan wawancara ke beberapa pihak diantaranya yaitu Kementrian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, dan Kantor Imigrasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families belum diimplementasikan secara maksimal dalam ketentuan mengenai ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan). Hal ini dikarenakan masih ada beberapa isi Konvensi yang belum diterapkan, dan belum dilakukan pengawasan terhadap penerapannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai implementasi Konvensi dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia.

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This mini-thesis is to give a comprehensive explanation on how the rules set out in the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in the country, and provides information about how foreign workers is set up based on statutory provisions that apply in Indonesia (Law of Workers), as well as the application of both instruments on studying of foreign worker cases that happens in Indonesia. In conducting this research, the author do some literature review and interviews were held with representatives from the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, and Immigration Office.

The results of the study have shown that International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families has not been implemented to the statutory provisions of employment in Indonesia (Law of workers). This is because there are still some of the Convention that have not implemented, and has not performed oversight of its implementation. The results recommend in-depth review is needed to make sure that the Convention is well- implemented on Law of Workers Indonesia."

"Ex-migrant workers are often found dealing with the lack of union that could cater their needs. These people that are mostly female are often excluded from the process of decision making in their own villages.In 2013, a program from civil society organization called Desbumi (Desa Peduli Buruh Migran or Migrant Workers Care Village) Initiative was launched in Wonosobo District, with the aim to improve migrantworkers’ living conditions - especially female - through empowering female ex-migrant workers group. In 2016, a similar program called Desmigratif (Desa Migran Produktif or Productive Migrants Village)Initiative was spearheaded by the Ministry of Manpower, which shares the same goal with Desbumi Initiative. Building upon the debates surrounding the concept of sisterhood provided by Bell Hooks andRobin Morgan, this study discusses whether the top-down approach in organizing female ex-migrant workers residing in Kuripan, Lipursari, Rogojati, and Sindupaten Village through Desbumi and Desmigratifinitiative could result in any forms of sisterhood formed during the implementation of the programs, and challenges that they faced along the way. This study found that characteristics associated with sisterhoodof friendships were apparent in all female ex-migrant groups, signified by mutual support among women, shared experience, journey of self-discovery, and collective identity built upon similarities. On thediscussion of challenges, several obstacles such as lack of regeneration, women’s domestic burden, and the issue of sustainability appeared along the journey of the sisterhood of ex-migrant workers."

"Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) memiliki kerentanan yang cukup tinggi akan sindikat penempatan ilegal PMI terindikasi perdagangan manusia. Data Penempatan dan Pelindungan PMI menunjukkan masih adanya kenaikan PMI yang menjadi korban perdagangan manusia akibat penempatan ilegal. BP2MI selaku badan yang ditunjuk untuk melindungi PMI tentunya memiliki tugas untuk melakukan pelindungan PMI dari sindikat penempatan ilegal. Namun sayangnya, BP2MI memiliki keterbatasan wewenang terkait dengan proses penindakan dan penegakkan hukum pada para sindikat penempatan ilegal terindikasi perdagangan manusia ini. Oleh sebab itu, BP2MI kemudian membentuk Satuan Tugas Sikat Sindikat dan menunjukkan sejumlah hasil positif. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah melihat bagaimana kinerja dari Satuan Tugas Sikat Sindikat sebagai unit yang melindungi Pekerja Migran Indonesia dan melengkapi keterbatasan BP2MI. Kinerja dari Satuan Tugas Sikat Sindikat dianlisis menggunakan pendekatan konsep Multi Agency Anti-Crime dan pencegahan kejahatan.

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Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) have a fairly high vulnerability to the placement of illegal PMI syndicates with indications of human trafficking. PMI Placement and Protection data shows that there is still an increase in PMI who are victims of human trafficking due to illegal placements. BP2MI as the agency appointed to protect PMI certainly has a duty to protect PMI from illegal placement syndicates. But unfortunately, BP2MI has limited authority related to the process of taking action and enforcing the law on these illegal placement syndicates indicated by human trafficking. Therefore, BP2MI then formed a Sikat Sindikat Task Force and showed a number of positive results. The purpose of this paper is to see how the performance of the Sikat Sindikat Task Force as a unit that protects Indonesian Migrant Workers and complements the limitations of BP2MI. The performance of the Sikat Sindikat Task Force was analyzed using the Multi Agency Anti-Crime concept approach and crime prevention."

"Indonesia is one of the countries of origin for migrant workers in the world. In the context of migration, the discourse on natural resources,sustainable economy, and women’s empowerment are not the mainstream discussion. The resilience or economic sustainability of returnee women migrant workers (RWMWs) is also a major problem in migration policy schemes and practices in Indonesia. This paper explores how the model of economic empowerment in Kenanga Village, Indramayu District, as a local initiative can bring welfaretoward RWMWs and goes beyond the discourse of safe migration. The data in this research analyzed using Harvard and Longwee’ gender analysis tools as well as indicator of gender mainstreaming, and Naila Kabeer’s theory of empowerment. This paper finds that local initiatives of productive economy have a positive impact on the economic sustainability of RWMWs in Kenanga Village. It is important to develop economic resilience as an alternative to alleviate poverty. However, inthe empowerment program, it is important to consider various aspects of gender justice."

"Perlindungan terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia sudah menjadi kewajiban negara. Hal ini merupakan amanat dari Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang menegaskan bahwa setiap orang berhak memilih pekerjaan yang bebas dari perbudakan, kerja paksa, dan diskriminatif. Sebagai Badan yang ditunjuk oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia untuk melaksanakan perlindungan terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia, Badan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia membentuk layanan yang bernama Crisis Center. Pembentukan layanan Crisis Center diharapkan mampu memfasilitasi Pekerja Migran Indonesia bermasalah untuk menemukan jalan keluar atas permasalahannya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana bentuk bantuan hukum layanan Crisis Center serta perannya dalam penanganan kasus Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Malaysia. Dalam menjawab persoalan yang ada, penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum doktrinal dengan tipe deskriptif analitis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa layanan Crisis Center belum optimal dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Malaysia yang bermasalah. Layanan Crisis Center juga masih menggunakan pedoman pelaksanaan yang sama sejak tahun 2015 yang mana sudah tidak relevan dengan perkembangan yang ada. Pemberlakuan pedoman yang tidak relevan tentu tidak dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan Pekerja Migran Indonesia saat ini.

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Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers is a state’s reponsibility. This is a mandate as stated in Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 that everyone has the right to choose occupation that is free from slavery, forced labour, and discrimination. As an institution mentioned in enacted Law of the Republic Indonesia Number 18 of 2017 on Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, Badan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia formed a service named Crisis Center. Crisis Center Service aims to facilitate Indonesian Migrant Workers to resolve their problems. Based on this, this research analyzes how the legal assistance of Crisis Center works and their role in handling cases of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Malaysia. This is a doctrinal law method and a descriptive analytical research typology. The conclusion of the research is that Crisis Center services are not optimal yet in handling cases of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Malaysia. Crisis Center services are also still using an old regulation since 2015 which is not relevant with the current situation."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kesejahteraan terhadap jumlah pekerja migran di kabupaten dan kota pada tahun 2015-2019. Dari variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini dengan regresi Random Effect Model (REM) ditemukan fakta bahwa variabel yang memiliki tingkat elastisitas tinggi adalah jumlah pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI) pada tahun sebelumnya, dan jumlah PMI pada 2 tahun sebelumnya, serta luas wilayah, dan jumlah populasi. Variabel dalam penelitian ini antara lain: tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat yang diukur melalui tingkat kemiskinan, indikator pendidikan dan PDRB per kapita dengan variabel kontrol jumlah penduduk, luas wilayah (daratan dan lautan), Jawa-luar Jawa, dan kabupaten/kota. Dari simpulan penelitian, Pemerintah setidaknya memiliki 2 (dua) pilihan kebijakan, pertama, apabila Pemerintah memandang bahwa pengiriman pekerja migran merupakan manifestasi ketidaksejahteraan/kemiskinan daerah kab./kota, maka Pemerintah harus mengeluarkan kebijakan yang memfokuskan pada program-program penanggulangan kemiskinan di daerah kantong PMI melalui program padat karya, meningkatkan PDRB per kapita dan Harapan Lama Sekolah (HLS), terutama di daerah kabupaten yang memiliki populasi tinggi, terutama di Jawa, dan memiliki luas wilayah yang tidak besar, dan kebijakan yang akan diambil pemerintah sekurang-kurangnya dimulai dari 2 tahun sebelumnya. Kedua, apabila pemerintah melihat pengiriman pekerja migran sebagai aset yang harus dihandel Pemerintah, fokus kebijakan pemerintah dipusatkan pada daerah terutama kabupaten yang memiliki tingkat kemiskinan tinggi, dengan HLS yang rendah, populasi tinggi, di Jawa, dengan luas wilayah yang sempit.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of welfare levels on the number of migrant workers in districts and cities in 2015-2019. From the variables measured in this study using the Random Effect Model (REM) regression, it was found that the variables that had a high level of elasticity were the number of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in the previous year, and the number of PMIs in the previous 2 years, as well as the area, and the number of migrant workers. population. The variables in this study include: the level of community welfare as measured by the level of poverty, education indicators and GRDP per capita with the control variables being population, area (land and sea), Java-outer Java, and districts/cities. From the conclusion of the study, the Government has at least 2 (two) policy options, first, if the Government views that sending migrant workers is a symbol of poverty/poor in the regencies/cities, then the government must carry out policies by focusing on poverty reduction programs in PMI enclaves through labor-intensive programs, increasing per capita GRDP and expected years of schooling, especially in districts that have a high population, especially in Java, and have a small area, and policies that the government will take at least start from the previous 2 years. Second, if the government sees the sending of migrant workers as an asset that must be handled by the government, there are several government on the regions, especially districts with high poverty rates, with the expectation of low years of schooling, high population, in Java, with a narrow area."