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"Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini memberikan gambaran tentang pelaksanaan Program Residen Ners Spesialis Keperawatan Anak dalam bentuk kegiatan praktik Residensi I dan II. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh dan pencapaian kompetensi baik sebagai praktisi, pendidik, advokat, pengelola dan peneliti selama praktik residensi. Menurut comfort Kolcaba, peningkatan suhu tubuh merupakan salah satu gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan rasa nyaman fisik yang berkaitan erat dengan kebutuhan rasa nyaman psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan. Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah memonitor status hemodinamik, menganjurkan keluarga untuk selalu berada di samping pasien, mengajarkan keluarga dalam pemberian kompres air hangat dan mengatur suhu ruangan sesuai suhu tubuh pasien. Salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan adalah mengukur suhu tubuh dengan menggunakan termometer timpani dimana residen menerapkan salah satu kompetensi perawat spesialis sebagai ranah pengembangan profesional sekaligus memberikan kebutuhan rasa nyaman dan mencegah trauma pada anak.

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This Final Scientific Paper provides an overview of the implementation of the Resident Program Specialist Nurses in the form of practical activities Residency I and II. This Final Scientific aims is in order to provide an overview Comfort Kolcaba Theory Application of children nursing care by increased body temperature and achievement of competency either as a practitioner, educator, advocate, manager and researcher during practice residency. According to Kolcaba comfort theory, increasing body temperature is one of the comfortable sense of fulfillment disorders are strongly associated with physical comfort needs psikospiritual, sociocultural and environmental. Interventions need to be done is to monitor hemodynamic status, advised the family to accompanied the patient, the family teaches the provision of warm water compress and maintain the room's temperature according the patient's body temperature. One inovation need to be done is measure the body temperature using a thermometer tympanic where residents apply one domain competence as a specialist nurse professional development needs as well as providing a sense of comfort and prevent trauma to child."

"[Demam merupakan gejala yang sering dialami anak dengan penyakit infeksi. Kondisi demam tinggi berdampak merugikan anak. Demam tinggi membuat anak tidak nyaman, serta meningkatkan kebutuhan kalori dan cairan. Teori Comfort dari Kolcaba memberikan arahan dalam pemenuhan rasa nyaman pada pasien. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada anak demam dengan mengaplikasikan teori comfort Kolcaba yang berfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan kenyamanan. Asuhan keperawatan dilakukan berdasarkan tahapan comfort yaitu pengkajian (kenyamanan fisik, psikospiritual, lingkungan dan sosiokultural), merumuskan diagnosa keperawatan, menetapkan intervensi (berdasarkan standar comfort, coaching, dan comfort food for the soul), implementasi, dan evaluasi. Teori comfort Kolcaba dapat diterapkan dalam asuhan anak demam. Dukungan dan keterlibatan dari orangtua juga sangat penting dalam perawatan anak, sehingga terlihat bahwa ke empat aspek kenyamanan harus saling mendukung untuk pencapaian kenyamanan secara holistik. , Fever is a symptom that is often experienced by children with infectious diseases. High fever condition adversely affects the child. High fever makes the child uncomfortable, and increase calorie and fluid needs. Comfort Theory of Kolcaba provides direction in compliance with comfort to the patient. This paper aims to provide an overview of nursing care in febrile children with comfort Kolcaba apply theory that focuses on meeting the needs of comfort. Nursing care is done by stages comfort assessment (physical comfort, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural), formulate nursing diagnoses, interventions set (based on standard comfort, coaching, and comfort food for the soul), implementation, and evaluation. Kolcaba comfort theory can be applied in the care of the child's fever. Support and involvement of parents is also very important in the care of children, so it appears that all four aspects must be mutually supportive comfort for the achievement of holistic comfort.]"

"Masalah oksigenasi merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian pada neonatus. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori Comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada neonatus yang mengalami masalah oksigenasi. Empat dari lima kasus adalah bayi prematur. Penerapan teori Comfort pada kelima kasus dapat mendukung terpenuhinya rasa nyaman klien, sehingga konsumsi oksigen menurun, dan dapat mempertahankan saturasi oksigen yang optimal. Dengan penerapan teori ini, maka perawat akan memberikan intervensi yang sesuai dan tepat waktu, penuh perhatian dan empati, serta berfokus pada kenyamanan klien.

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Oxygenation problems are one of the causes of death in neonates.This paper aims to provide an overview of applications Kolcaba Comfort Theory in nursing care to neonates who have oxygenation problems. Four of the five cases were premature babies. Application of the theory of comfort on the fifth case can support the fulfillment of the client’s sense of comfort, so that oxygen consumption decreases, and can maintain optimal oxygen saturation. With the application of this theory, then the nurse will provide appropriate intervention andtimely, attentive and emphatic, and focused on client comfort."

"Karya ilmiah ahkir ini memberikan gambaran tentang aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh dan aplikasi warm water sponge pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Tujuan karya ilmiah akhir ini untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan masalah peningkatan suhu tubuh dan penerapan proyek inovasi berdasarkan evidence based practice yaitu penerapan warm water sponge pada pasien anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Menurut comfort Kolcaba, peningkatan suhu tubuh merupakan salah satu gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan rasa nyaman fisik yang berkaitan erat dengan kebutuhan rasa nyaman psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan. Intervensi yang dilakkukan adalah memonitor status hemodinamik, mennganjurkan keluarga untuk selalu berada di samping pasien, mengajarkan keluarga dalam pemberian kompres hangat menggunakan teknik warm water sponge. Salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan warm water sponge sesuai evidence based practice untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh sekaligus memberikan kebutuhan rasa nyaman dan mencegah trauma pada anak.

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This final scientific work provides an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature and the application of warm water sponge to children with increased body temperature. The purpose of this final scientific paper is to provide an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature problems and the application of innovation projects based on evidence based practice, namely the application of warm water sponges in pediatric patients with increased body temperature. According to Comfort Kolcaba, an increase in body temperature is one of the disorders of fulfilling the need for physical comfort which is closely related to the need for psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental comfort. The interventions carried out were monitoring hemodynamic status, encouraging the family to always be by the patient's side, teaching the family to give warm compresses using the warm water sponge technique. One of the innovations made is to provide a warm water sponge according to evidence-based practice to reduce body temperature while providing comfort and preventing trauma to children."

"Karya ilmiah ahkir ini memberikan gambaran tentang aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh dan aplikasi warm water sponge pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Tujuan karya ilmiah akhir ini untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan masalah peningkatan suhu tubuh dan penerapan proyek inovasi berdasarkan evidence based practice yaitu penerapan warm water sponge pada pasien anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Menurut comfort Kolcaba, peningkatan suhu tubuh merupakan salah satu gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan rasa nyaman fisik yang berkaitan erat dengan kebutuhan rasa nyaman psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan. Intervensi yang dilakkukan adalah memonitor status hemodinamik, mennganjurkan keluarga untuk selalu berada di samping pasien, mengajarkan keluarga dalam pemberian kompres hangat menggunakan teknik warm water sponge. Salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan warm water sponge sesuai evidence based practice untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh sekaligus memberikan kebutuhan rasa nyaman dan mencegah trauma pada anak.

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This final scientific work provides an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature and the application of warm water sponge to children with increased body temperature. The purpose of this final scientific paper is to provide an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature problems and the application of innovation projects based on evidence based practice, namely the application of warm water sponges in pediatric patients with increased body temperature. According to Comfort Kolcaba, an increase in body temperature is one of the disorders of fulfilling the need for physical comfort which is closely related to the need for psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental comfort. The interventions carried out were monitoring hemodynamic status, encouraging the family to always be by the patient's side, teaching the family to give warm compresses using the warm water sponge technique. One of the innovations made is to provide a warm water sponge according to evidence-based practice to reduce body temperature while providing comfort and preventing trauma to children."

"Karya ilmiah ahkir ini memberikan gambaran tentang aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh dan aplikasi warm water sponge pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Tujuan karya ilmiah akhir ini untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan masalah peningkatan suhu tubuh dan penerapan proyek inovasi berdasarkan evidence based practice yaitu penerapan warm water sponge pada pasien anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Menurut comfort Kolcaba, peningkatan suhu tubuh merupakan salah satu gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan rasa nyaman fisik yang berkaitan erat dengan kebutuhan rasa nyaman psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan. Intervensi yang dilakkukan adalah memonitor status hemodinamik, mennganjurkan keluarga untuk selalu berada di samping pasien, mengajarkan keluarga dalam pemberian kompres hangat menggunakan teknik warm water sponge. Salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan warm water sponge sesuai evidence based practice untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh sekaligus memberikan kebutuhan rasa nyaman dan mencegah trauma pada anak.

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This final scientific work provides an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature and the application of warm water sponge to children with increased body temperature. The purpose of this final scientific paper is to provide an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature problems and the application of innovation projects based on evidence based practice, namely the application of warm water sponges in pediatric patients with increased body temperature. According to Comfort Kolcaba, an increase in body temperature is one of the disorders of fulfilling the need for physical comfort which is closely related to the need for psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental comfort. The interventions carried out were monitoring hemodynamic status, encouraging the family to always be by the patient's side, teaching the family to give warm compresses using the warm water sponge technique. One of the innovations made is to provide a warm water sponge according to evidence-based practice to reduce body temperature while providing comfort and preventing trauma to children."

"Karya ilmiah ahkir ini memberikan gambaran tentang aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh dan aplikasi warm water sponge pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Tujuan karya ilmiah akhir ini untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan masalah peningkatan suhu tubuh dan penerapan proyek inovasi berdasarkan evidence based practice yaitu penerapan warm water sponge pada pasien anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Menurut comfort Kolcaba, peningkatan suhu tubuh merupakan salah satu gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan rasa nyaman fisik yang berkaitan erat dengan kebutuhan rasa nyaman psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan. Intervensi yang dilakkukan adalah memonitor status hemodinamik, mennganjurkan keluarga untuk selalu berada di samping pasien, mengajarkan keluarga dalam pemberian kompres hangat menggunakan teknik warm water sponge. Salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan warm water sponge sesuai evidence based practice untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh sekaligus memberikan kebutuhan rasa nyaman dan mencegah trauma pada anak.

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This final scientific work provides an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature and the application of warm water sponge to children with increased body temperature. The purpose of this final scientific paper is to provide an overview of the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing care for children with increased body temperature problems and the application of innovation projects based on evidence based practice, namely the application of warm water sponges in pediatric patients with increased body temperature. According to Comfort Kolcaba, an increase in body temperature is one of the disorders of fulfilling the need for physical comfort which is closely related to the need for psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental comfort. The interventions carried out were monitoring hemodynamic status, encouraging the family to always be by the patient's side, teaching the family to give warm compresses using the warm water sponge technique. One of the innovations made is to provide a warm water sponge according to evidence-based practice to reduce body temperature while providing comfort and preventing trauma to children."

"Kanker pada anak terus meningkat jumlahnya setiap tahun, masalah nutrisi merupakan masalah yang sering dikeluhkan oleh anak dan keluarga sehingga, diperlukan asuhan keperawatan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi teori Comfort Kolcaba dalam asuhan keperawatan pada anak kanker dengan masalah nutrisi dan pencapaian kompetensi baik sebagai pemberi asuhan, advocator, counselor, educator, colaborator, dan agen perubah. Terdapat lima kasus kelolaan yang menjadi pembahasan dalam karya ilmiah ini, kelima kasus kelolaan mengalami masalah nutrisi. Masalah nutrisi didapatkan dari basil pengkajian berdasarkan pendekatan teori Comfort Kolcaba yaitu pengkajian fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan Iingkungan. Intervensi menggunakan tiga tipe perawatan standar comfort, coaching dan Comfort food for the soul. Tidak semua masalah nutrisi pada lima kasus kelolaan dapat teratasi dengan cepat, untuk menyelesaikan masalah nutrisi pada anak kanker dibutuhkan waktu dan kerjasama tim yang baik antara ibu, anak, dokter dan dietesien serta perawat.

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Pediatric cancer always increase every year, the problem of nutrition is often complained by the child and their family, so nursing care is required to solve the issue. This research aims to provide an overview of the application of theory Comfort Kolcaba in cancer nursing care in children with nutritional problems and the competence achievement as a caregiver, advocator, counselor, educator, colaborator, and agent of change. There were five cases managed that discussed in this research, and in five cases managed all experiencing nutritional problems. Nutrient problems obtained from the results of the assessment approach based on the theory of Comfort Kolcaba such as physical examination, psikospiritual, sociocultural and environmental. Interventions use three types of standard comfort care, coaching and Comfort food for the soul. Not all nutritional problems in the management of five cases can be resolved quickly, to solve the problem of childhood cancer nutrition takes time and good teamwork among mother, child, and dietision, doctors, and nurses."

"Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini merupakan gambaran pelaksanaan kegiatan praktik keperawatan ners spesialis anak selama satu tahun yang dimulai dari tanggal 3 Oktober 2011 sampai dengan 20 April 2012 yang menerapkan peran dan fungsi dari ners spesialis keperawatan anak. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini memfokuskan pada aplikasi Teori Konservasi Levine dalam asuhan keperawatan klien anak yang mengalami peningkatan suhu tubuh di ruang perawatan penyakit infeksi. Pengkajian yang dilakukan meliputi konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktur, konservasi integritas personal dan konservasi integritas sosial. Tropikognosis dan justifikasi yang dirumuskan meliputi dari keempat konservasi tersebut. Hipotesa, planning dan implementasi disesuaikan dengan konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktur, konservasi integritas personal dan konservasi integritas sosial. Dari hasil evaluasi didapatkan bahwa kelima kasus klien terpilih yang mengalami peningkatan suhu tubuh setelah diberikan asuhan keperawatan, didapatkan hasil 5 klien semuanya terbebas dari demam dan semuanya pulang dengan kondisi bebas demam. Selanjutnya dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada klien anak, residen merekomendasikan untuk menerapkan prinsip caring, atraumatic care, family centered care dan upaya pencegahan infeksi nosokomial dengan cara bekerja sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur dan standar asuhan keperawatan serta memperhatikan prinsip sterilitas dan teknik aseptik yang dapat dilakukan dengan tindakan cuci tangan dengan handrub. Sebagai inovator residen melakukan modifikasi ruang tindakan menjadi ruangan yang bernuansa anak untuk meminimalkan atraumatic care dan residen juga melakukan discharge planning dimulai dari pasien baru sampai pasien pulang dan membuat media penkes sebagai media untuk melakukan pendidikan kesehatan pada orang tua dan keluarga pasien.

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This final scientific paper is a clinical nursing practice report of pediatrics nurse specialist practice that is conducted for one year from 3rd October 2011 until 20th April 2012 by applying the role and function of pediatrics nurse specialist. The paper is focusing on the application of Levine’s conservation theory into nursing care of children suffering from hyperthermia in infection ward. The assessment that is performed including conservation of energy, the structure of conservation integrity, personal integrity conservation, and social integrity conservation. Tropicognoses and justification, which are formulated including the fourth areas of conservation. Hipotesa, plan, and implementation are customized with conservation of energy, the structure of conservation integrity, personal integrity conservation, and social integrity conservation. Based on the conducted evaluation, it was resulted that from five chosen clients who suffering from hypothermia, after receiving nursing care they were recover from hyperthermia and discharged home with normal body temperature. Moreover, in providing nursing care to children, resident recommends to apply the principal of caring, atraumatic care, family centered care and effort preventing nosocomial infection by working based on standard operating procedure and nursing care standard, and also applying sterile principal and aseptic technique by washing hand with handrub. As an innovator, resident modified the intervention room as a child room with some decorations in order to minimize atraumatic care. The resident was also made a discharge planning with starting from obtaining new patient until discharging home, and provided health education for parents and family of clients."

"[ABSTRAKNyeri merupakan salah satu masalah utama pada pasien kanker anak. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran penerapan, analisis Comfort Theory Kolcaba pada pasien kanker anak dengan nyeri, dan pencapaian kompetensi ners spesialis keperawatan anak. Penerapan teori dilakukan pada lima pasien, menggunakan pendekatan proses keperawatan. Pengkajian dan penetapan masalah keperawatan menggunakan struktur taksonomi Kolcaba. Intervensi dan implementasi menggunakan intervensi kenyamanan standar, coaching, dan comfort food for the soul. Evaluasi menggunakan comfort behavior scale menunjukkan hasil diakhir perawatan, nyeri berkurang, terkontrol, dan kenyamanan bertambah. Kompetensi tercapai sesuai target. Comfort Theory bisa menjadi pilihan dalam merawat pasien kanker anak dengan nyeri.

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ABSTRACTPain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer.;Pain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer., Pain is one of main problems in children with cancer. This study aimed to describe and to analyze: (1) the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on children with cancer who experience pain, and (2) the competencies achieved by pediatric clinical nurse specialist. The theory was applied to five patients using nursing process approach. The assessment and decision of the nursing problem was conducted using Kolcaba's taxonomic structure. The intervention and implementation using standard comfort intervention, coaching, and comfort food for the soul. Comfort behavior scale was used for the evaluation. The results showed that at the end of the nursing implementation, pain was reduced, controlled, and the comfort was increased. The targeted competencies were achieved. Comfort Theory can be recommended for caring children with cancer.]"