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"Pada era digital, internet seakan menjadi kebutuhan primer bagi manusia. Penggunaan internet khususnya internet nirkabel memiliki jangkauan sinyal yang terbatas dan pasti akan mendapat gangguan sinyal yang lebih besar dibanding jaringan dengan kabel karena penghalang berupa materi padat seperti dinding dan gedung tinggi yang juga dapat melemahkan sinyal dari jaringan internet nirkabel tersebut. Dengan menggunakan Power Line Communication (PLC), maka pentransmisian sinyal akan lebih baik karena sinyal internet ditumpangkan pada sinyal powerline dan pengiriman data dilakukan dengan menumpangkan sinyal data tersebut ke sinyal listrik pada jaringan listrik yang sudah ada. Namun, penggunaan saluran listrik AC juga berpotensi mendapatkan disturbansi yang ditimbulkan oleh sistem lain yang terhubung pada jaringan (open circut) yang sama seperti peralatan rumah tangga yang menggunakan sistem inverter, pemanas induksi, lampu fluorosen serta beban non linier, perangkat dengan prinsip kerja motor, dan sakelar catu daya yang umumnya terjadi pada rentang frekeunsi 2-150 Khz (Supraharmonik). Alat-alat tersebut menjadi pembangkit disturbansi elektromagnet yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan tingkat transmisi pada sistem PLC dengan menimbulkan malfungsi karena pengiriman data yang terpotong atau tidak sepenuhnya terkirim. Setiap alat menghasilkan tingkat dan frekuensi disturbansi yang berbeda. Sehingga, untuk mengetahui pengaruh disturbansi pada suatu frekuensi tertentu terhadap jaringan PLC, dilakukan penginjeksian disturbansi single frequency pada rentang 2-80 khz dan diamati pengaruhnya terhadap unjuk kerja PLC. Berdasarkan Hasil pengujian, disturbansi single frequency mempengaruhi unjuk kerja PLC dengan rata-rata peningkatan data lost sebesar 6,89% dibandingkan sebelum injeksi disturbans diberikan. Tren pengingkatan data lost juga dipengaruhi oleh radius antara transmitter dan receiver PLC dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 22,16% setiap peningkatan radius 10 meter.

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In the digital era, internet seems to be a primary need for humans. The use of the internet, especially wireless internet, has a limited signal coverage and will definitely receive greater signal interference than wired networks because barriers in the form of materials such as walls and tall buildings can also weaken the signal from the wireless internet network. By using Power Line Communication (PLC), signal transmission will be better because the internet signal is superimposed on the powerline signal and data transmission is carried out by superimposing the data signal on the existing power grid. However, the use of AC power also has the potential to be affected by disturbances caused by other systems that connected to the same network (open circuit), such as household appliances that use inverter systems, induction heaters, fluorocene lamps, non-linear loads, devices with motor working principles, and power supply switches which generally occurs in the 2-150 Khz frequency range (Supraharmonic). These devices generate electromagnetic disturbances which can cause interference with the transmission rate of the PLC system and malfunctions due to interrupted or undeliverable data transmission. Each instrument produces a different level and frequency of disturbance. Thus, to determine the effect of the disturbance at a certain frequency on the PLC network, a single frequency disturbance was injected in the range 2-80 kHz and the effect was observed on the performance of the PLC network. Based on the test results, single frequency disturbance affects the PLC network performance with an average increase in lost data by 6.89% compared to before disturbance injection was given. The trend of increasing the lost data is also influenced by the radius between the transmitter and the PLC receiver with an average increase of 22.16% for every 10 meter radius increase."

"This course-based text revisits classic concepts in nonlinear circuit theory from a very much introductory point of view: the presentation is completely self-contained and does not assume any prior knowledge of circuit theory. It is simply assumed that readers have taken a first-year undergraduate course in differential and integral calculus, along with an elementary physics course in classical mechanics and electrodynamics.Further, it discusses topics not typically found in standard textbooks, such as nonlinear operational amplifier circuits, nonlinear chaotic circuits and memristor networks. Each chapter includes a set of illustrative and worked examples, along with end-of-chapter exercises and lab exercises using the QUCS open-source circuit simulator. Solutions and other material are provided on the YouTube channel created for this book by the authors. "

"This course-based text revisits classic concepts in nonlinear circuit theory from a very much introductory point of view: the presentation is completely self-contained and does not assume any prior knowledge of circuit theory. It is simply assumed that readers have taken a first-year undergraduate course in differential and integral calculus, along with an elementary physics course in classical mechanics and electrodynamics.Further, it discusses topics not typically found in standard textbooks, such as nonlinear operational amplifier circuits, nonlinear chaotic circuits and memristor networks. Each chapter includes a set of illustrative and worked examples, along with end-of-chapter exercises and lab exercises using the QUCS open-source circuit simulator. Solutions and other material are provided on the YouTube channel created for this book by the authors."

"The handbook of networks in power systems includes the state-of-the-art developments that occurred in the power systems networks, in particular gas, electricity, liquid fuels, freight networks, as well as their interactions. The book is separated into two volumes with three sections, where one scientific paper or more are included to cover most important areas of networks in power systems. The first volume covers topics arising in electricity network, in particular electricity markets, smart grid, network expansion, as well as risk management. The second volume presents problems arising in gas networks, such as scheduling and planning of natural gas systems, pricing, as well as optimal location of gas supply units. In addition, the second volume covers the topics of interactions between energy networks. Each subject is identified following the activity on the domain and the recognition of each subject as an area of research. The scientific papers are authored by world specialists on the domain and present either state-of-the-arts reviews or scientific developments."

"A properly co-ordinated protection system is vital to ensure that an electricity distribution network can operate within preset requirements for safety for individual items of equipment, staff and public, and the network overall. Suitable and reliable equipment should be installed on all circuits and electrical equipment and to do this, protective relays are used to initiate the isolation of faulted sections of a network in order to maintain supplies elsewhere on the system. This then leads to an improved electricity service with better continuity and quality of supply.Written by two practising electrical engineers, this second edition of the best selling Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks (IEE, 1998) offers both practical and theoretical coverage of the technologies, from the classical electromechanical relays to the new numerical types which protect equipment on networks and in electrical plant."