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"This volume explores from multiple perspectives the subtle and interesting relationship between the theory of rational choice and Darwinian evolution. In rational choice theory, agents are assumed to make choices that maximize their utility; in evolution, natural selection ?chooses? between phenotypes according to the criterion of fitness maximization. So there is a parallel between utility in rational choice theory and fitness in Darwinian theory. This conceptual link between fitness and utility is mirrored by the interesting parallels between formal models of evolution and rational choice. The essays in this volume, by leading philosophers, economists, biologists and psychologists, explore the connection between evolution and rational choice in a number of different contexts, including choice under uncertainty, strategic decision making and pro-social behaviour. They will be of interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science, evolutionary biology, economics and psychology."

"Al Shabaab, sebuah insurgensi di Somalia dengan tujuan utama yang nasionalis (selain tujuan transnasionalis dan Islami), membuat keputusan untuk bekerjasama dengan Al Qaeda pada tahun 2008. Keputusan tersebut sangat kontras dengan perilaku Al Shabaab sebelumnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan signifikan baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap faktor-faktor di balik keputusan Al Shabaab, dengan menggunakan metode process-tracing secara retrospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deklarasi unifikasi Al Shabaab-Al Qaeda pada Agustus 2008 terjadi karena rangkaian peristiwa yang berdasarkan pada tiga faktor berikut: (1) Realisasi ideologi Salafi, (2) Perubahan pemimpin, dan (3) Ketidakmampuan Al Shabaab untuk menstabilkan kondisi kekerasan yang memburuk di Somalia.

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Al Shabaab, a Somalian insurgency with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnationalistic and Islamic preferences) made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with how Al Shabaab behaved previously, indicating that there were some serious changes either internally or externally. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab‟s decision through the use of process-tracing in retrospective.

The results show that Al Shabaab‟s declaration of unification with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about a series of events that traced back to three core factors: (1) The realization of a Salafi ideology, (2) The shift to a radical leadership, and (3) The inability of Al Shabaab to manage the increasingly violent Somalian situation."

"ABSTRAKPerilaku kekerasan (PK) adalah respon kemarahan maladaptif dalam bentuk perilaku menciderai diri,orang lain dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran Pengaruh Rational EmotiveBehaviour Therapy terhadap penurunan perilaku kekerasan di ruang rawat inap RSMM Bogor. Desain?Quasi Experimental Pre-Post Test with ?Control Group? dengan intervensi Rational EmotiveBehaviour Therapy (REBT). Sampel penelitian adalah 53 klien skizoprenia paranoid dengan PK,terdiri atas 25 kelompok intervensi dan 28 orang kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanpeningkatan respon kognitif dan sosial serta penurunan respon emosi, perilaku dan fisiologis secarabermakna (P-value
0,05) pada klien yang mendapatkan REBT. REBT direkomendasikan untukditerapkan pada klien PK bersama dengan tindakan keperawatan generalis.

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ABSTRACTViolent behavior is a maladaptive anger response, which is shown by the People whom treatedthemselves, others and the environment. The study aims to get the explanation of the effect rationalemotive behavioral therapy in reducing violent behavioral in Bogor RSMM hospital. Design with?Quasi-Experimental design Pre-Post Test with Control Group? and the intervention of rationalemotive behavior therapy (REBT). The samples of this research are 53 clients with paranoidschizophrenia who has violent behavior, consisted of 25 clients as intervention group and 28 clients ascontrol group. The Results of this research show the increasing response of cognitive, social andreducing of emotional response, behavioral, and physiological significantly, at (P-value
0,05) on theclients who get REBT. In 2 times frequency treated associated with the client's social responseincreased. REBT are recommended to provide to the clients with REBT critical nursing generalist;Violent behavior is a maladaptive anger response, which is shown by the People whom treatedthemselves, others and the environment. The study aims to get the explanation of the effect rationalemotive behavioral therapy in reducing violent behavioral in Bogor RSMM hospital. Design with?Quasi-Experimental design Pre-Post Test with Control Group? and the intervention of rationalemotive behavior therapy (REBT). The samples of this research are 53 clients with paranoidschizophrenia who has violent behavior, consisted of 25 clients as intervention group and 28 clients ascontrol group. The Results of this research show the increasing response of cognitive, social andreducing of emotional response, behavioral, and physiological significantly, at (P-value
0,05) on theclients who get REBT. In 2 times frequency treated associated with the client's social responseincreased. REBT are recommended to provide to the clients with REBT critical nursing generalist"

"Perilaku kekerasan adalah respon kemarahan maladaptif dalam bentuk perilaku mencederai diri, orang lain dan lingkungan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran Pengaruh Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). terhadap penurunanperilaku kekerasan. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel penelitian adalah53 klien skizoprenia paranoid dengan perilaku kekerasan, terdiri atas 25 kelompok intervensi dan 28 orang kelompok kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan respon kognitif dan sosial serta penurunan respon emosi, perilaku, dan fisiologissecara bermakna (p< 0,05) pada klien yang mendapatkan REBT. REBT direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan pada klien perilakukekerasan bersama dengan tindakan keperawatan generalis.Violent behaviour is a maladaptive anger response, which is shown by people whom treated themselves, others and theenvironment. The study aimed to explain the effect rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT) in reducing violent behavioural.This research design was quasi-experimental using pre-post tests with control group. The samples of this research were 53clients with paranoid schizophrenia who showed violent behavior, consisted of 25 clients as intervention group and 28 clientsin control group. The Results showed significant increased cognitive as well as social responses and reduced emotionalbehavioural and physiological responses (p< 0.05) on the group who get REBT. REBT is recommended to be given to clientswith violent behaviour together with general nursing inverventiont."

"Di tengah semakin tingginya jumlah perempuan masuk ke ranah publik, muncul fenomena arus balik, yakni perempuan yang memilih berkarir sebagai ibu rumah tangga meski mereka telah mencapai gelar sarjana. Berbagai kajian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan perempuan menjadi ibu rumah tangga lebih didasarkan pada alasan kecukupan ekonomi, pengasuhan anak, dan atau tuntutan suami. Rasionalitas seringkali hanya dilekatkan pada perempuan berpendidikan tinggi yang menjadi wanita karir atau bekerja di sektor publik. Namun pada artikel ini membahas rasionalitas pilihan sarjana perempuan menjadi ibu rumah tangga, dengan menganalisis keputusan mereka berbasis perhitungan cost and reward serta Comparison Alternative (CA, Artikel ini mengulas keputusan perempuan bergelar sarjana menjadi ibu rumah tangga sebagai pilihan rasional. Kasus yang dipaparkan dikaji melalui metode kualitatif (wawancara mendalam dan observasi) terhadap empat perempuan sarjana yang memutuskan menjadi ibu rumah tangga.

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While of increasing women to choose participating in public sphere as there is a greater chance of education and job opporunity. However, there is an indication that some women tend to work as housewives although they have earned a higher degree of education. In previous researches, women chose to become housewife because of economical sufficiency, children and also husband. Higher rationality is usually regards that women with higher education could attain career or work in the public sector. But, the purpose of this research is to describe the rationality of female graduates who chose to work as housewives. By analizing the cost and rewards which is accompanied by comparison alternative (CA) analysis, this research explains the rational choice of female graduates who later work as housewives. The method in this research uses qualitative approach, having in-depth interview and observation towards four housewives whom are bachelor graduates."

"Summary:Addresses themes such as - the measurement of diversity and freedom, formal analysis of individual rights and intentions, judgment aggregation under constraints and strategic manipulation in fuzzy environments. This volume also deals with philosophical aspects of normative social choice."