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"Tata laksana nutrisi pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik dalam hemodialisis, bertujuan menilai peran nutrisi, yang mencakup pemberian makronutrien, mikronutrien, manajemen cairan dan elektrolit dalam mengendalikan kerusakan ginjal. Gangguan fungsi ginjal dapat menyebabkan menurunnya asupan, dan perubahan metabolisme berbagai nutrien, sehingga dapat mengakibatkan pasien jatuh pada kondisi malnutrisi dan berbagai komplikasi. Serial kasus ini terdiri dari empat kasus penyakit ginjal kronik dengan berbagai etiologi dan komorbid. Pasien pada serial kasus ini, mempunyai rentang usia pasien antara 30 - 52 tahun. Umumnya pasien mengalami sesak napas, mual, muntah, anoreksia, edema dan berdasarkan hasil skrining gizi menunjukkan semua pasien memerlukan terapi nutrisi. Terapi nutrisi diberikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing pasien, yang dihitung dengan rumus Harris Benedict dikalikan faktor stres dan pemberiannya dimulai dari kebutuhan energi basal, yang secara bertahap ditingkatkan hingga mencapai kebutuhan energi total. Kebutuhan protein disesuaikan dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus pada masing-masing pasien. Pemantauan terapi nutrisi pada satu orang pasien selama tujuh hari, sedangkan tiga pasiennya dilakukan pemantauan selama sepuluh hari atau lebih. Pemantauan mencakup toleransi asupan makanan, kapasitas fungsional, imbang cairan, parameter laboratorium dan antropometrik serta dilakukan edukasi setiap hari. Selama pemantauan didapatkan hasil bahwa, terjadi perbaikan klinis, toleransi asupan, sebagian besar pasien dapat mencapai kebutuhan kalori total. Kebutuhan protein dihitung kembali setelah dilakukan hemodialisis. Pemeriksaan kadar ureum, kreatinin dan perhitungan creatinine clearance test menunjukkan perbaikan, walaupun tidak mencapai kadar normal. Sejalan dengan perbaikan klinis, terjadi perbaikan kondisi pasien secara umum, termasuk kapasitas fungsional. Penilaian berat badan pasien menunjukkan penurunan berat badan, sejalan dengan perbaikan kondisi edema. Pemberian nutrisi pada pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5, bersifat individual dan harus disertai edukasi nutrisi dan motivasi setiap hari. Dengan tata laksana nutrisi yang baik, diharapkan kualitas hidup pasien PGK akan lebih baik, dan dapat turut mengendalikan berbagai komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi.

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Treatment of nutrition in patients with Chronic Kidney Desease (CKD) aims to assess the role of nutrition, which includes the provision of macronutrient, micronutrient, fluid and electrolyte management in controlling renal impairment, in patients with CKD stage 5 on hemodialysis therapy. Impaired kidney function may lead to decreased intake, and changes in metabolism of various nutrients, which can lead to patient falls on the condition of malnutrition and other complications. This case series consisted of four cases of chronic kidney disease with various etiologies and comorbid.

Patients in this case series are two patients aged between 30 to 52 years old. Generally, patients experience shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, edema, and based on nutritional screening results showed all patients requiring nutritional therapy. Nutritional therapy is given according to the needs, that is count by Harris Benedict equation, and each patient at the beginning, provided the basal energy needs, which gradually increased to reach the total energy needs. Protein needs are given according to the glomerular filtration rate, and increased when the patient was in hemodialysis. Nutritional therapy in one patient is monitored for seven days, while three of the patients are monitored for ten days or more. Monitoring includes food intake tolerance, functional capacity, fluid balance, anthropometric and laboratory, and nutrition education is conducted every day.

The result of treatment during monitoring period shows that, there is improvement of general status, tolerance intake, most patients could achieve total caloric needs. Examination of the levels of urea, creatinine and calculation of creatinine clearance test showed improvement, although did not reach normal levels. During the monitoring, in line with the clinical improvement, the patient's condition was generally improving, including functional capacity. Assessment of the patient's weight showed weight loss, along with the improvement of the condition of edema.

Nutrition treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 is individualize and must be accompanied by daily nutrition education and motivation. With good nutrition governance, quality of life of CKD patients will be better, and it can also control variety of complications that may occur."

"Penyajian serial kasus ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dukungan nutrisi optimal pada penderita paru-paru obstruktif kronis. Pemilihan kasus berdasarkan karakteristik yang terdapat pada pasien paru-paru obstruktif kronis, yaitu usia lansia, sedang mengalami eksaserbasi akut, terdapat komplikasi dan faktor komorbid, serta malnutrisi (underweight atau obesitas), yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Kebutuhan energi ditentukan dengan menggunakan perhitungan rumus Harris Benedict dan dikalikan dengan faktor stres yang sesuai. Komposisi protein 1,2–1,7 gr/kg BB/hari, lemak 25-30%, dan karbohidrat 50–60%. Hasil analisis dari dua kasus didapatkan rerata pencapaian asupan lebih dari 90% kebutuhan energi basal pada hari terakhir perawatan, satu kasus mencapai 70%, dan satu kasus lagi telah mencapai mencapai 85% kebutuhan energi total. Hanya satu kasus yang mendapat suplementasi mikronutrien lengkap dosis RDA. Monitoring dan evaluasi yang diberikan meliputi klinis, imbang cairan, toleransi asupan, dan analisis asupan. Dukungan nutrisi yang optimal, pemberian edukasi serta motivasi kepada pasien dan keluarganya, akan memberikan toleransi asupan yang baik disertai perbaikan klinis.

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The aim of this serial case is to analyze optimal nutritional support in patients with COPD. The cases selection based on the characteristics of COPD patients, i.e. older age, acute exacerbation, complications, and comorbidity factor, as well as malnutrition (underweight or obese), who were hospitalized. Basal energy requirement were determined by the Harris-Benedict equotion and was multiplied by stress factor to calculate total energy requirement. Macronutriens compositions for protein ranged from 1.2 - 1.7 g/kg bw /day, lipids 25-30%, and carbohydrate 50-60% of total calories requirement. Intake analysis from two cases showed a mean intake over 90% of basal energy needs on the last day of treatment, one case reached 70%, and other case reached up to 85% of total energy needs. Only one case received full-dose micronutrient supplementation equal to RDA. Monitoring and evaluation included clinical status, fluid balance, intake tolerance, and intake analysis. Optimal nutritional support, provision of education and motivation to patients and their families, will enhanced intake tolerance along with clinical improvement."

"[ABSTRAKPasien penyakit ginjal kronik derajat 5 mengalami suatu keadaan di mana ginjal sama sekali tidak dapat mempertahankan homeostasis metabolisme tubuh sehingga membutuhkan terapi pengganti ginjal. Terapi pengganti ginjal yang paling sering dipilih oleh pasien PGK derajat 5 adalah hemodialisis. Perubahan metabolik pada PGK derajat 5 dengan hemodialisis dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan fungsi ginjal dan proses hemodialisis. Perubahan metabolik tersebut antara lain gangguan keseimbangan cairan, dan asam basa serta gangguanmetabolisme protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak. Dibutuhkan terapi terintegrasi pada pasien PGK yang terdiri atas terapi farmakologi, terapi pengganti ginjal, terapi nutrisi dan dukungan psikologis. Peran nutrisi dalam menurunkan komplikasi dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup sangat penting dalam tatalaksana pasien PGK. Pemberian nutrisi pada pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis bertujuan untuk mengatasi gejala akibat gangguan ginjal dan mencegah komplikasi akibat progresivitas kerusakan ginjal. Pemberian nutrisi yang tepat dapat dilakukan dengan memahami patofisiologi yang terjadi pada pasien PGK dan proseshemodialisis yang dipilih sebagai terapi pengganti ginjal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilaporkan empat serial kasus pada pasien PGK derajat 5 dengan hemodialisis rutin. Diberikan terapi nutrisi sesuai panduan yaitu energi 30-35 kkal per kg berat badan, protein 1,2 g per kg berat badan, lemak 25-30% energi total, dan karbohidrat 60-65% energi total. Diketahui bahwa penyebab asupan tidak terpenuhi adalah keadaan klinis yaitu sesak, penurunan kesadaran, dan gangguan saluran cerna yaitu mual dan muntah.

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ABSTRACTStage 5 of chronic kidney disease represents total inability of kidneys to maintain body homeostasis normally. At this stage, it is necessary to use methods that substitute kidney function such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation. The most used method is hemodialysis. Metabolic changes in stage 5 of chronic kidney disease can be caused by kidney disease itself and also hemodialysis treatment. Metabolic complications of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis include changes in acid-base balance and metabolism of proteins,carbohydrates and lipids. Patients need integrated therapy that consist of medicine, kidney function substitution, nutrition, and psychological support. Nutrition therapy is important in chronic kidney disease therapy because it can help to decrease complication and to increase quality of life. The purpose of nutrition therapy in chronic kidney disease are to overcome the symtoms and to prevent the complication that caused by kidney disease. Nutrition therapy can be done properly by understand the pathophysiologycal mechanism and the process of hemodialysis. Based on the description, four cases of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis are reported here. The nutrition which is given consist of energy 30-35 kkal per kg body weight, protein 1,2 g per kg body weight, lipid 25-30 % total energy, and carbohydrate 60-65 % total energy. There is inadequacy of intake due to clinical conditions such as dispnoe, the decreased of consciousness, and intestinal disturbance like nausea and vomit. Stage 5 of chronic kidney disease represents total inability of kidneys to maintain body homeostasis normally. At this stage, it is necessary to use methods thatsubstitute kidney function such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation. The most used method is hemodialysis. Metabolic changes in stage 5 of chronic kidney disease can be caused by kidney disease itself and also hemodialysis treatment. Metabolic complications of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis include changes in acid-base balance and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Patients need integrated therapy that consist of medicine, kidney function substitution, nutrition, and psychological support. Nutrition therapy is important in chronic kidney disease therapy because it can help to decrease complication and to increase quality of life. The purpose of nutrition therapy in chronic kidney disease are to overcome the symtoms and to prevent the complication that caused by kidney disease. Nutrition therapy can be done properly by understand the pathophysiologycal mechanism and the process of hemodialysis. Based on the description, four cases of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis are reported here. The nutrition which is given consist of energy 30-35 kkal per kg body weight, protein 1,2 g per kg body weight, lipid 25-30 % total energy, and carbohydrate 60-65 % total energy. There is inadequacy of intake due to clinical conditions such as dispnoe, the decreased of consciousness, and intestinal disturbance like nausea and vomit., Stage 5 of chronic kidney disease represents total inability of kidneys to maintainbody homeostasis normally. At this stage, it is necessary to use methods thatsubstitute kidney function such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidneytransplantation. The most used method is hemodialysis. Metabolic changes instage 5 of chronic kidney disease can be caused by kidney disease itself and alsohemodialysis treatment. Metabolic complications of chronic kidney disease andhemodialysis include changes in acid-base balance and metabolism of proteins,carbohydrates and lipids. Patients need integrated therapy that consist of medicine, kidney function substitution, nutrition, and psychological support. Nutrition therapy is important in chronic kidney disease therapy because it can help to decrease complicationand to increase quality of life. The purpose of nutrition therapy in chronic kidney disease are toovercome the symtoms and to prevent the complication that caused by kidneydisease. Nutrition therapy can be done properly by understand thepathophysiologycal mechanism and the process of hemodialysis. Based on the description, four cases of stage 5 of chronic kidney diseasewith hemodialysis are reported here. The nutrition which is given consist ofenergy 30–35 kkal per kg body weight, protein 1,2 g per kg body weight, lipid25–30 % total energy, and carbohydrate 60–65 % total energy. There isinadequacy of intake due to clinical conditions such as dispnoe, the decreased of consciousness, and intestinal disturbance like nausea and vomit.]"

"Prevalensi penyakit ginjal kronik pada anak selalu meningkat dan dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi hingga gagal tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi gambaran status gizi dan mencari hubungan status gizi dengan faktor yang berhubungan pada anak dengan PGK fase pradialisis dengan desain cross-sectional. Data diambil di Poliklinik Nefrologi RSCM Jakarta. Analisis data menggunakan metode ANOVA, independent sample t-test, spearman, dan mann-whitney dengan SPSS Versi 25. Rerata status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U didapatkan bergizi baik, yakni -1,02. Rerata perawakan berdasarkan TB/U didapatkan perawakan pendek dengan z-score -2,71. Terdapat 8 subjek berusia di bawah 10 tahun dengan median z-score BB/U di rentang berat badan kurang, yakni -2,77. Analisis bivariat antara BB/U, IMT/U, dan TB/U dengan stadium penyakit ginjal kronik, jenis kelamin, faktor etiologi primer, hipertensi, anemia, usia, status ekonomi keluarga, durasi penyakit, dan tingkat pendidikan orangtua tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan (p>0,05). Analisis bivariat antara BB/U dan IMT/U dengan gangguan mineral tulang tidak berhubungan signifikan (p>0,05). Namun, analisis bivariat TB/U dengan gangguan mineral tulang (p=0,005) memiliki hubungan signifikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rerata status gizi anak PGK stadium 3—5 fase pradialisis memiliki berat badan kurang, perawakan pendek, tetapi bergizi baik. Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi anak dengan gangguan mineral tulang tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan faktor lainnya.

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The prevalence of pediatric chronic kidney disease is increasing annually and can lead to malnutrition to failure to thrive. This study aims to identify the nutritional status of children with chronic kidney disease and its related factors using cross-sectional design held at Pediatric Nephrology Clinic RSCM Jakarta. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, independent sample t-test, spearman, and mann-whitney with SPSS Version 25. Nutritional status based on BMI-for-age showed the subjects had good nutrition with a mean z-score of -1.02. Stature based on height-for-age showed a mean z-score of -2,71, classified as stunted. There were 8 subjects under the age of 10 with a median z-score -2,77, classified as underweight based on the weight-for-age. Bivariate analysis between weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age with CKD stage, gender, primary etiological factor, hypertension, anaemia, age, family economic status, duration of illness, and parental education level did not show a significant association (p>0.05). Bivariate analysis between weight-for-age and BMI-for-age with mineral and bone disorder was also not significantly related (p>0.05). However, bivariate analysis of height-for-age with CKD-MBD (p=0.005) had a significant association. This study concluded that children with CKD stage 3-5 in the predialysis phase were underweight, stunted, but well-nourished. There was a significant association between nutritional status and CKD-MBD but no association with other factors."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) stadium akhir di Indonesia mengalami kenaikan setiap tahunnya dan biasanya mempunyai banyak komorbid seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus (DM) dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Selain itu pasien PGK juga berisiko mengalami komplikasi jangka panjang seperti anemia, gangguan mineral dan tulang, sehingga memerlukan pengobatan dengan beberapa jenis obat (polifarmasi). Obat-obatan pada pasien PGK digunakan dalam waktu jangka panjang sehingga berpotensi terjadi interaksi antar obat. Semakin banyaknya interaksi obat maka akan meningkatkan risiko efek samping obat (ESO). Pasien PGK juga sangat rentan mengalami peningkatan risiko akumulasi obat dan efek samping karena adanya perubahan parameter farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik. Selain itu pada pasien PGK stadium 5 dengan hemodialisis (HD) terdapat beberapa obat yang terdialisis dalam proses HD sehingga dapat mengurangi efektivitas pengobatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola peresepan pada pasien PGK stadium 5 yang menjalani HD rutin serta kaitannya dengan potensi interaksi obat (PIO) dan kemungkinan ESO yang dapat diakibatkan oleh interaksi antar obat tersebut.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang pada pasien PGK stadium 5 dengan HD rutin di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dalam periode Januari 2020 sampai dengan Juli 2021. Data diambil dari rekam medis unit HD, rekam medis pusat, electronic health record (EHR) dan hospital information system (HIS). Untuk mengetahui PIO dilakukan penilaian berdasarkan perangkat lunak Lexicomp dan penilaian kausalitas ESO dengan menggunakan algoritma Naranjo.Hasil: Didapatkan 147 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan terdapat 101 jenis obat dengan 2767 kali peresepan dalam waktu 3 bulan. Proporsi pasien yang mengalami potensi interaksi antar obat sebanyak 89% pasien. Proporsi pasien yang mengalami potensi interaksi kategori mayor sebanyak 14% pasien, kategori moderat sebanyak 88% pasien, dan kategori minor sebanyak 37% pasien. Proporsi pasien yang dicurigai mengalami ESO akibat interaksi obat sebanyak 50% (66 pasien) dari 131 pasien yang mengalami PIO. Pada hasil multivariat, hanya komorbid DM yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik dengan ESO yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat.Kesimpulan: Sebanyak 89% pasien PGK stadium 5 dengan HD mengalami potensi interaksi obat dan hipertensi merupakan efek samping terbanyak yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat. Komorbid DM mempunyai peran yang cukup penting untuk terjadinya efek samping yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat pada pasien PGK stadium 5 dengan HD

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Background: The prevalence of end-stage renal disease in Indonesia has increased every year and usually has many comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease. In addition, there is also a risk of long-term complications, thus requiring treatment with several types of drugs (polypharmacy). The higher the frequency of drug interactions, the higher the risk of adverse drug reaction (ADR). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are also very susceptible to an increased risk of drug accumulation and ADR due to changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. In addition, CKD stage 5 patients with hemodialysis (HD) have several drugs that are dialyzed in the HD process so that it can reduce the effectiveness of treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the prescribing pattern in stage 5 CKD patients on routine HD and its relationship to DDI and the possibility of ADR that could be caused by interactions between these drugs.

Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design in CKD stage 5 patients on routine HD at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in the period January 2020 to July 2021. Data were taken from HD unit medical records. To determine the DDI, an assessment was carried out based on the Lexicomp software and ADR causality assessment using the Naranjo algorithm.

Results: A total of 147 patients met the inclusion criteria and there were 101 types of drugs with 2767 prescriptions within 3 months. The proportion of patients who received treatment with potential DDI is 89% of patients. The proportion of patients who received DDI in the major category was 14%, the moderate category was 88%, and the minor category was 37%. From 131 patients with DDI, the proportion of patients suspected having ADR cause by DDI is 50% (66 patients). Multivariate analysis found that only DM had statistically significant relationship with ADR that are suspected due to DDI.

Conclusion: In this study, 89% of patients received treatment with potential DDI and hypertension is the most suspected ADR due to drug interactions. Comorbid DM has an important role in the occurrence of ADR due to DDI in stage 5 CKD patients on HD."

"Latar belakang. Penyakit ginjal kronik-gangguan mineral tulang (PGK-GMT) adalah komplikasi dari penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) yang dapat meningkatkan risiko gangguan kardiovaskular pada anak. Salah satu kelainan pada PGK-GMT adalah hiperfosfatemia dan gangguan otot skeletal. Sebuah studipada pasien dewasa didapatkan korelasi negatif antara kadar fosfat yang dengan kekuatan genggaman tangan. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang menilai kekuatan genggaman tangan pada anak PGK G3-G5 di Indonesia dan faktor lain yang memengaruhi.Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kekuatan otot melalui pemeriksaan kekuatan genggaman tangan pada anak PGK G3-G5.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji potong lintang terhadap 72 anak PGK G3-G5 usia 6-18 tahun diRSCM dan pemilihan anak dilakukan secara consecutive sampling. Variabel yang dianalisis adalah pemeriksaan massa otot, lingkar lengan atas (LILA), serum fosfat, hemoglobin (Hb), neuropati, dan kekuatan genggaman tangan menggunakan dinamometer hidrolik tangan (JAMAR, Japan).Hasil. Median usia adalah 14 (11-16) tahun dengan lelaki 52/72 (72,2%). Penyebab terbanyak PGKadalah congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) 30/72 anak (41,7%) yang diikuti dengan glomerulonefritis 18/72 anak (25%). Median massa otot, LILA dan kekuatan genggaman tangan adalah 25,3 (18,7-32,9) kg, 19 (16-22) cm dan 8,65 (7,8-9,3) kg. Rerata kadar Hbdan fosfat adalah 10,45 (±1,72) g/dL dan 5,45 (± 1,92) mg/dL. Prevalens gangguan kekuatan genggaman tangan pada anak PGK G3-G5 adalah 98,6%. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan korelasi antara kekuatan genggaman tangan dan kadar fosfat (r= -0,03; p= 0,42). Namun, didapatkan korelasi antara massa otot, LILA, dan kadar Hb terhadap kekuatan genggaman tangan yaitu (r = 0,70; p<0,01), (r = 0,68; p<0,01),dan (r = 0,44; p<0,01). Simpulan. Kekuatan genggaman tangan memiliki korelasi kuat dengan massa otot dan LILA serta memiliki korelasi cukup dengan kadar Hb.

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Background. Chronic kidney disease-bone mineral disorders (CKD-BMD) is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in children.Hyperphosphatemia and skeletal muscle disorder are one of the abnormalities in CKD-MBD. Study in adult population shows there are negative correlation between phosphate levels and hand grip strength.There has been no study for CKD G3-G5 in pediatric population regarding handgrip strength and other factors that correlate to it.

Aim. To determine the factors that affect muscle strength through hand grip strength examination in children with CKD G3-G5

Methods. This is a cross-sectional study of 72 pediatric CKD G3-G5 aged 6-18 years old in RSCM.The subject was selected by consecutive sampling. The variables that we analyzed are muscle mass,mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), serum phosphate, Hb, neuropathy, and hand grip strength usinghydraulic hand dynamometer (JAMAR, Japan).

Results. The median age of the subjects was 14 (11-16) years old with 52/72 (72.2%) male. The most common causes of CKD are CAKUT with 30/72 subjects (41.7%) followed by glomerulonephritis with 18/72 subjects (25%). The median muscle mass, MUAC, and handgrip strength are 25,3 (18,7-32,9) kg, 19 (16-22) cm, and 8.65 (7.8-9.3) kg. Mean Hb level and phosphate level are 10.45 (±1.72) g/dL and 5.45 (±1.92) mg/dL. The prevalence of handgrip strength disorders in CKD G3-G5 is 98.6%. In this study, we found no correlation between handgrip strength and phosphate levels (r= -0.03; p= 0.42). However, we found positive correlation between muscle mass, MUAC, and Hb levels with handgrip strength (r= 0,70; p<0,01), (r = 0.68; p<0.01), and (r = 0.44; p<0.01).

Conclusion. There is a correlation between muscle mass, MUAC, and Hb level with handgrip strength in pediatric CKD G3-G5."

"Kanker kepala dan leher KKL merupakan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan malnutrisi Massa tumor perubahan metabolik dan efek samping terapi dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya asupan sehingga pasien jatuh pada kondisi malnutrisi Efek samping radiasi dapat berupa mual muntah mukositis xerostomia dan disfagia Tatalaksana nutrisi pada pasien KKL yang menjalani radioterapi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mempertahankan status gizi mencegah terputusnya terapi meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dan meningkatkan angka harapan hidup Tatalaksana nutrisi meliputi pemenuhan kebutuhan makronutrien mikronutrien nutrien spesifik disertai konseling dan edukasi Serial kasus ini membahas tatalaksana nutrisi pada empat kasus KKL stadium IV yang menjalani radioterapi Keempat pasien menjalani skrining metoda malnutrition screening tool MST dengan nilai ge 2 kemudian mendapatkan tatalaksana nutrisi yang sesuai dengan kondisi pasien Kebutuhan basal masing masing pasien dihitung menggunakan rumus Harris Benedict dan kebutuhan total dihitung dengan cara mengalikan kebutuhan basal dengan faktor stres yang sesuai dengan kondisi klinik pasien Kebutuhan protein 1 5 2 5 g kgBB hari dan lemak sebesar 25 30 kebutuhan total sesuai kondisi pasien Pemantauan yang dilakukan mencakup keluhan subjektif klinis dan tanda vital gejala efek samping antropometri dan kapasitas fungsional Berdasarkan hasil pemantauan pada keempat pasien tatalaksana nutrisi yang diberikan dapat meningkatkan jumlah asupan dan meningkatkan berat badan pada pasien 1 2 dan 3 sedangkan pada pasien 4 dapat meminimalkan penurunan berat badan Tatalaksana nutrisi pada keempat pasien juga dapat meningkatkan kapasitas fungsional dan menunjang kelangsungan terapi Sebagai kesimplan tatalaksana nutrisi pada pasien KKL stadium IV yang menjalani radioterapi bersifat individual disesuaikan dengan kondisi metabolik dan efek samping terapi disertai dengan konseling dan edukasi untuk pasien dan keluarga Tatalaksana nutrisi yang baik dapat menunjang kelangsungan terapi pasien sehingga membantu memperpanjang angka harapan hidup pasien

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Head and neck cancer HNC is a malnutrition related disease Tumor mass metabolic alterations and radiation side effects like nausea vomiting mucositis xerostomia and dysphagia can decrease nutrition intake and leads to malnutrition The aim of nutritional management on HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy is to improve and maintain nutritional status prevent therapy interruption improve and increase patient's quality of life and life expectancy The nutritional management contains of macronutrient micronutrient and nutrition specific along with counceling and education This case series discusses the nutritional management in four cases of stage IV HNC undergoing radiotherapy The patients were screened by malnutrition screening tool MST with score ge 2 then given the provision nutritional management Patients'needs were calculated using the Harris Benedict formula by multiplying basal energy requirement with stress factor according to the patient's condition Protein need were 1 5 2 5 g kgBW and fat 25 30 of total energy requirement matched with metabolic conditions Monitoring includes subjective complaints clinical and vital signs symptoms of treatment's side effects antropometry and functional capacity Based on the monitoring results nutritional management of these four patients could increase dietary intake promote weight loss in patients 1 2 and 3 and minimize weight loss in patient 4 The treatment also could improve the patients'functional capacity and support continuation of radiotherapy Nutritional management of stage IV HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy is individualized tailored to the metabolic conditions and treatment's side effects along with counseling and education to patients and families With an adequate nutritional management it can support the continuity of therapy thus improving the patients'life expectancy"

"Latar Belakang : Malnutrisi energi protein sering terjadi pada penyakit ginjal kronik, terutama stadium lanjut (prevalensi 11-54% pada stadium 3 sampai 5). Phase angle (PA) pada BIA menggambarkan integritas membran sel yang nilai rendahnya dapat menjadi prediktor kuat malnutrisi di tingkat seluler.

Tujuan Mengetahui sebaran nilai phase angle pada masing-masing stadium lanjut PGK yaitu stadium 3-5 non-dialisis, mengetahui gambaran komposisi tubuh meliputi indeks massa lemak, indeks massa bebas lemak, cairan tubuh, dan indeks edema yang bermanfaat untuk deteksi dini malnutrisi dan kelebihan cairan.

Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), RSUP Fatmawati, dan RSUP Persahabatan pada Maret sampai Juli 2023. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling pada pasien PGK stadium 3-5 non-dialisis, usia 18-60 tahun, tanpa keganasan, sirosis hati, infeksi, maupun autoimun, dengan ADL normal. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan BIA dan SGA pada seluruh subjek.

Hasil Didapatkan 138 sampel, dengan dominasi wanita (58%) kategori obesitas derajat 1, dengan median eLFG 23,2  ml/menit. Proporsi malnutrisi berdasarkan SGA sebesar 19,5%. Profil phase angle mengalami tren penurunan seiring dengan meningkatnya stadium tanpa kemaknaan statistik (p=0,072). Indeks massa lemak menurun dengan p=0,038. Sedangkan ECW dan TBW meningkat bermakna (p=0,001 dan 0,031).

Kesimpulan Profil phase angle pada PGK non-dialisis cenderung sedikit menurun seiring dengan peningkatan stadium PGK. Profil ECW dan TBW mengalami peningkatan signifikan seiring dengan meningkatnya stadium PGK, tanpa disertai perubahan indeks edema (ECW/TBW). Profil FM dan FM-I mengalami penurunan seiring peningkatan stadium PGK.

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Background Chronic kidney disease, especially in its advanced stages, often coincide with protein and energy malnutrition with a prevalence of 11-54% in stages 3 to 5. The phase angle (PA) in BIA describes the integrity of cell membranes whose low values can be a strong predictor of malnutrition at the cellular level.

Objective Firstly, to determine the distribution of phase angle values in each advanced stage of CKD, namely the non-dialysis stages 3-5. Secondly, to identify the profile of body composition including fat mass index, fat-free mass index, body fluids, and oedema index which are useful for early detection of malnutrition and fluid excess.

Method This research is a cross sectional study. It was carried out at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Fatmawati Hospital, and Persahabatan Hospital between March and July 2023. Consecutive sampling method was used with non-dialysis stages 3-5 CKD patients, aged 18-60 years, without malignancy, liver cirrhosis, infection, nor autoimmune, with normal ADLs. Then BIA and SGA examinations were performed on all subjects.

Results 138 samples were collected, which dominated by women (58%) and stage 1 obesity with a median eGFR of 23.2 ml/minute. The proportion of malnutrition based on SGA is 19.5%. Phase angle profile shows a decreasing trend with increasing stage of CKD without a statistical significancy (p=0.072). Fat mass index decreased significantly (p=0.038). ECW and TBW increased significantly (p=0.001 and 0.031) as the increasing stage of CKD.

Conclusion The phase angle profile in non-dialysis CKD tends to decrease slightly with increasing CKD stage. ECW and TBW profiles increased as the CKD stage increased, but there was no change in oedema index (ECW/TBW). The FM and FM-I profiles decreased as the CKD stage increased."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan terminologi baru yang dikeluarkan oleh the National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease and Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) pada tahun 2002 untuk pasien yang mengalami kerusakan ginjal paling sedikit selama tiga bulan dengan atau tanpa penurunan LFG atau pasien yang memiliki LFG < 60 mL/menit/1,73 m2 lebih dari tiga bulan dengan atau tanpa kerusakan ginjal. Progresivitas PGK ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor risiko seperti hipertensi, proteinuria, anemia, genetik, ras, usia dan jenis kelamin. Terminologi PGK belum banyak digunakan di Indonesia, sehingga karakteristik dan kesintasan PGK stadium 3 dan 4 pada anak belum banyak diteliti.Tujuan: Mendapatkan karakteristik dan kesintasan PGK stadium 3 dan 4 pada anak yang berobat di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI-RSCMMetode: Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort prospektif historikal yang diambil dari rekam medis di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI-RSCM sejak Januari 2004 hingga 30 November 2012, kemudian diamati luaran akhirnya sampai penelitian dinyatakan selesai. Kriteria pemilihan subjek meliputi usia 2-18 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria PGK stadium 3 dan 4 menurut NKF KDOQI. Data ditabulasi untuk melihat karakteristik subjek. Kesintasan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Kaplan Meier dengan event yang dinilai adalah PGK stadium 5 atau kematian.Hasil: Dalam kurun waktu 8 tahun ditemukan 50 rekam medis yang masuk dalam analisis, terdiri atas 36 subjek PGK stadium 3 dan 14 subjek PGK stadium 4. Median usia adalah 7,9 (2-15) tahun dengan jenis kelamin perempuan (58 %) sedikit lebih banyak dari pada lelaki (42 %). Etiologi terbanyak adalah glomerulonefritis (56 %) dengan sindrom nefrotik memiliki proporsi terbesar. Gambaran klinis yang ditemukan adalah hipertensi (42 %), gizi kurang (40 %), anemia (70 %), gangguan elektrolit (78 %), asidosis (34 %), proteinuria (72 %), perawakan pendek (56 %), osteodistrofi renal (2 %), dan kardiomiopati dilatasi (14 %). Median kesintasan keseluruhan adalah 57,13 bulan (IK 95 % 11,18 sampai 103,09).Simpulan: PGK stadium 3 dan 4 sedikit lebih banyak terjadi pada perempuan (58 %) dengan etiologi terbanyak adalah glomerulonefritis (56 %). Komplikasi PGK di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI-RSCM yang paling sering adalah gangguan elektrolit (78 %), anemia (70 %), perawakan pendek (56 %), gizi kurang (46 %), dan hipertensi (42 %). Median kesintasan keseluruhan adalah 57,13 bulan (IK 95 % 11,18 sampai 103,09).

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a new terminology in 2002, defined by the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease and Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) Group to classify any patient who has kidney damage lasting for at least 3 months with or without a decreased GFR or any patient who has a GFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 lasting for 3 months with or without kidney damage. The progression of established CKD is influenced by several risk factors, such as hypertension, proteinuria, anemia, genetic, race, age, and sex. In Indonesia, the term of CKD is not widely used so that its characteristic and renal survival remains sparse.

Objective: To find the characteristic and renal survival of pediatric chronic kidney disease in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Methods: A historical prospective cohort study was conducted from medical record in Department of Child Health CMH from January 2004 to November 2012. The outcome was followed up until the end of the study. The inclusion criteria were 2-18 years old children with chronic kidney disease stage 3 and 4 according to NKF KDOQI classification. Renal survival was analyzed by using Kaplan Meier survival function. The event was progression to CKD stage 5 or death.

Results: A total of 50 medical records were included in the analysis. Of those, 36 patients had CKD stage 3 and 14 patients had CKD stage 4. The median age at admission was 7.9 (2 to 15) years and 58 % were female. The most common etiology was glomerulonephritis (56 %) where nephrotic syndrome was the most frequent cause. The common clinical manifestations were hypertension (42 %), malnourished (40 %), anemia (70 %), electrolyte disturbance (78 %), acidosis (34 %), proteinuria (72 %), short stature (56 %), renal osteodystrophy (2 %), and dilated cardiomyopathy (14 %). Overall renal survival was 57.13 months (CI 95 % 11.18 to 103.09).

Conclusion: CKD stage 3 and 4 are more common in female (58 %) with glomerulonephritis (56 %) is the most common etiology. The most frequent complications are electrolyte disturbance (78 %), anemia (70 %), short stature (56 %), malnourished (46 %), and hypertension (42 %). Overall renal survival is 57.13 months (CI 95 % 11.18 to 103.09).

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"Pelaksanaan praktek spesialis keperawatan merupakan bagian penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan serta pendidikan berkelanjutan. Praktek spesialis keperawatan dilakukan dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan ilmu dan teknologi. Beberapa kompetensi yang harus dicapai oleh residen selama praktek spesialis keperawatan ini adalah mampu berperan sebagaipemberi asuhan keperawatan care provider manager, mampu menerapkan hasil penelitian berbasis hasil pembuktian ilmiah evidence based nursing practice, mampu melakukan inovasi Inovator. Dalam melakukan peran perawat sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan, residen melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan dengan menerapkan teori Model Adaptasi Roy pada pasien dengan gangguan sistem perkemihan sebanyak 30 pasien di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Fatmawati Jakarta dan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Jakarta. Intervensi yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi pruritus yang dialami oleh pasien yaitu dengan melakukan terapi akupresur pada titik Li-11 berdasarkan hasil penelitian ilmiah pada 19 pasien hemodialisis di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Selain itu, residen bersama kelompok melakukan program inovasi keperawatan berupa edukasi mengenai intervensi untuk menangani komplikasi akut selama hemodialisis menggunakan video pada 30 orang pasien hemodialisis. Secara umum, penerapan Teori Model Adaptasi Roy dapat dilakukan oleh perawat dan diterapkan pada pasien dengan gangguan sistem perkemihan. Kualitas asuhan keperawatan yang baik, akan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.

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Implementation of nursing specialist practice is the most important part to improve service program quality and sustainable education. Specialist nursing practice was developed based on science and technology. Several competencies has to be achieved and practiced during this residential practice are competencies to be care provider and manager, competencies to implement result of research which based on scientific evidence evidence based nursing practice and being innovative innovator. As. nursing care provider, practitioners implementing nursing care based on the implementation of Roy Adaptation Model on 30 patients with urinary disorder in Fatmawati Hospital and RSPAD Gatot Soebroto, Jakarta. Practitioners also do intervention to reduce pruritus in hemodialysis patient based on evidence based nursing The practitioners do acupressure in Li-11 accupoint based on result of scientific research on 19 patient with hemodialysis in Gatot Soebroto Hospital. Practitioners also create nursing innovation program related with the education about intervention for acute complication on 30 patient with hemodialysis in form of video. Generally, Roy Model of Adaptation theory is done by nurse and implemented on patient with urinary system problems. Good quality of nursing care will improve patient quality of life."