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"Angka kejadian kekerasan seksual pada anak meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Keluarga merupakan orang terdekat yang berperan penting dalam merawat anak pasca kekerasan seksual yang dialaminya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggali pengalaman orang tua merawat anak yang mengalami kekerasan seksual. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini 5 orang tua yang anaknya mengalami kekerasan seksual yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan adalah fenomenologi deskriptif dengan analisis data content analysis Tema yang diperoleh ada 5 yaitu: membangun koping yang adaptif, memperhatikan perubahan anak, mengupayakan segala bentuk upaya pemulihan bagi anak, memberi dukungan emosional serta upaya antisipasi. Penelitian akan datang yang perlu diteliti bagaimana persepsi anak terhadap kondisi yang dialaminya pasca kekerasan seksual.

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The incidence of child sexual violence increased from year to year. Family is the closest person who caring in treat for the child after sexual violence that experienced by him. The purpose of this research is to explore the experiences of parents to treat their child who have experienced sexual violence. Participants in this research are 5 parents whose their children suffered sexual violence. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. The method of research used is descriptive phenomenology of data analysis of content analysis. Theme obtained is 5 namely: build koping that adaptive, notice change child, trying entire recovery effort form for child, give emotional support as well as effort anticipation. To next research, that important, how the children with child sexual violence have maintained their condition after sexual violence."

"Dampak kekerasan seksual terhadap anak tidak hanya dirasakan oleh anak sebagai korban namun juga dirasakan oleh keluarga. Salah satu konsekuensi negatif yang dihadapi keluarga adalah stres dalam menghadapi anak korban kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif, pemilihan partisipan dengan metode purpossive sampling, dan dianalisis dengan metode Colaizzi dengan hasil saturasi pada partisipan keenam.Penelitian menghasilkan lima tema yaitu perubahan perilaku anak pasca kekerasan seksual sebagai sumber stres keluarga, respon stres keluarga terhadap perubahan proses keluarga, pemanfaatan dukungan sosial sebagai sumber kekuatan keluarga bertahan dari stres, pelaksanaan kegiatan keagamaan dan peningkatan spiritualitas sebagai bentuk koping keluarga terhadap stres, dan perubahan pola asuh sebagai bentuk evaluasi dan pembelajaran bagi keluarga.Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan penanganan keperawatan jiwa yang tepat bagi keluarga dengan anak korban kekerasan seksual, pembentukan UKJS, peningkatan kolaborasi antara pihak terkait dengan tim kesehatan jiwa dalam setiap prosedur yang dilakukan tidak hanya terbatas bagi anak sebagai korban tetapi juga bagi keluarga.

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The impact of child sexual abuse is not only felt by children as victims but also felt by the family. One of the negative consequences families face is the stress in dealing with child victims of sexual violence. This study used a qualitative design, selection of participants using purposive sampling method, and analyzed by Colaizzi method with the results of saturation in the sixth participant.

The study resulted in five themes, namely changes in children's behavior after the sexual violence as a source of family stress, the stress response of family to change the family, the utilization of social support as a source of family strength to withstand the stress, the implementation of religious activities and increase spirituality as a form of family coping to stress, and changes parenting as a form of evaluation and learning for families.

Recommendations from this study is the development of nursing handling right life for families with children victims of sexual violence, the establishment of UKJS, increased collaboration between the parties related to the mental health team in any given procedure is not only limited to children as victims but also for the family."

"ABSTRAK Belakang: Kekerasan pada anak menjadi sebuah masalah karena dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan dari seorang anak. Secara umum, lebih sulit untuk mengetahui prevalensi persis dari kejadian kekerasan seksual pada anak dibandingkan kekerasan fisik karena tidak semua kasus dilaporkan. Agar dapat dilakukan tindakan pencegahan, perlu diketahui faktor resiko apa yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian kekerasan seksual anak dari berbagai dimensi, termasuk lingkungan.Metode: Dilakukan penelitian kasus-kontrol pada 107 korban kekerasan seksual anak yang dibandingkan dengan 107 anak yang tidak mengalami kekerasan seksual. Data yang didapatkan berupa rekam medis dari RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Dilakukan uji chi-square dan penghitungan rasio odds untuk melihat hubungan faktor resiko dan kejadian kekerasan seksual anak.Hasil: Dari 107 sampel pada masing-masing kelompok, 71,96 sampel kelompok kasus dan 44,86 sampel kelompok kontrol tinggal di lingkungan padat penduduk. Didapatkan hasil yang bermakna secara statistik

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ABSTRACTBackground Child abuse became a problem because it can affect a child rsquo s development. Generally, it is more difficult to know the exact prevalence of child sexual abuse compared to physical abuse because not all cases were recognised and reported. In order to be able to make prevention efforts, it is necessary to know the risk factors of child sexual abuse from every dimension, including environmental factors.Methods A case control study was done on 107 medical records sample from children who experienced sexual abuse and 107 medical records from children who did not. Data were obtained from Cipto Mangukusumo National Hospital. To identify the risk factors, chi square test was done and odds ratio were calculated.Result Out of 107 samples from each groups, 71,96 samples from case group and 44,86 samples from control group each lived in a densely populated area. A statistically significant result p"

"Profesi guru dianggap sebagai profesi terhormat yang menjalankan tugas mulia untuk membimbing dan melindungi anak selama proses pendidikan. Sayangnya, seorang guru yang telah dipercaya untuk menjalankan tugas penting tersebut justru dapat melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak. Kekerasan seksual yang dilakukan oleh guru terhadap siswa seringkali melibatkan penggunaan grooming untuk dapat memanipulasi siswa ke dalam tindakan seksual dan mempertahankan kerahasiaan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko anak terhadap guru yang menggunakan grooming untuk melakukan kekerasan seksual. Studi ini menggunakan analisis data sekunder dari 40 kasus berita yang bersumber dari media daring di Indonesia selama periode Januari 2016 hingga Mei 2021. Penulis melakukan criminal profiling untuk menggambarkan profil guru pelaku kekerasan seksual, profil siswa yang menjadi korban, metode grooming yang digunakan pelaku, dan bentuk kekerasan seksual. Analisis bivariat juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beberapa variabel independen dengan metode grooming dan tingkat kekerasan seksual sebagai variabel dependen. Hasil profiling kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kerangka kerja Social Ecological Model SEM) untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko anak. Studi ini menemukan bahwa guru dapat menggunakan pemberian perhatian, pemberian suap, atau penggunaan paksaan sebagai metode grooming. Hasil tabulasi silang menunjukkan bahwa jenis sekolah korban dan intensitas kekerasan seksual grooming. Jenis kelamin korban, jenjang pendidikan korban, dan jumlah korban memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan tingkat kekerasan seksual. Selain itu, faktor risiko anak terhadap kekerasan seksual oleh guru dapat diidentifikasi dari keempat tingkat SEM, yang dalam studi ini berupa individu, hubungan (dengan guru dan keluarga), komunitas (sekolah), dan masyarakat (kebijakan pendidikan dan konstruksi sosial anak).

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Teacher is considered as an honorable profession that carries out a noble task to guide and protect children during the educational process. Unfortunately, a teacher who has been trusted to carry out this important task on the contrary can commit sexual abuse against children. Teacher sexual misconduct against students often involves the use of grooming to manipulate students into sexual acts and maintain secrecy. The purpose of this study was to identify the child risk factors against teachers who use grooming to commit sexual abuse. This study uses secondary data analysis from 40 news cases sourced from online media in Indonesia during the period of January 2016 to May 2021. The author conducts criminal profiling to describe the profiles of teachers who perpetrate sexual abuse, profiles of students who being victimized, grooming methods used by perpetrators, and forms of sexual abuse. Bivariate analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between several independent variables with the grooming method and the level of sexual abuse as the dependent variable. The results of the profiling are then applied into the Social Ecological Model (SEM) framework to identify child risk factors. This study found that teachers may use attention giving, bribery, or the use of coercion as grooming methods. The crosstabulation results show that the type of school of the victim and the intensity of sexual abuse have a significant relationship with the grooming method. The sex of the victim, victim’s education level, and the number of victims have a significant relationship with the level of sexual abuse. In addition, child risk factors for teacher sexual misconduct can be identified from the four levels of the SEM, which in this study are individual, relationship (with teachers and families), community (school), and society (education policy and social construction of childhood)."

"Kekerasan seksual yang terjadi pada anak jalanan perempuan mentpakan permasalahan serius yang mempengaruhi kesehatan fisik, emosi. dan seksual. Bentuk kekerasan seksual yang dialami anak jalanan perempuan adalah diraba payudaranya) masturbasi pelaku exhibitionism, dan diperkosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui fenomena kekerasan seksual yang terjadi pada de!apan ana.k jalanan perempuan di delapan kantong anak jalanan di Jakarta Timur dan dampaknya terbadap kesehatan reproduksi dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan children of street memiliki risiko mengalami kekerasan seksual lebib tinggi dihandingkan children on street. Dampak terhadap kesebatan reproduksi yang dialami adalah infeksi menular seksual, kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, dan aborsi yang tidak aman.

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Sexual abuse of female street children is serious problem !hat affects the physical, emotional, and sexual health of the person !hat lives with it Sexual abuse of female street children are breast touching, masturbation of perpetrators, exhibitionism, and sexual intercourse. Tills research is aimed to figure out the sexual abuse of eight female street children at eight places of street children in East Jakarta and the impact of their reproductive health. Eight female street children are interviewed using purposive sampling and snowballing technique. Research result brings to a conclusion that children of street have risk more bigger than children on street. The impacts of sexual abuse of female street children are unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion and sexual transmitted infections."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas gambaran kekerasan seksual terhadap anak perempuan di Pusat Krisis Terpadu RSUPN dr. Ciptomangunkusumo berdasar temuan dari 49 data rekam medis tahun 2016 ndash; 2017 yang dikumpulkan peneliti. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas korban berusia 6 ndash; 11 tahun 38,8 , berstatus pendidikan SD/ tamat SD, dan datang dengan permintaan visum. Jenis kekerasan seksual terhadap anak perempuan didominasi kasus pemerkosaan oleh pelaku berusia 25 ndash; 40 tahun berjenis kelamin laki ndash; laki yang dikenal dan memiliki hubungan kedekatan dengan korban, seperti tetangga, pacar, teman, guru, dan pengasuh. Mayoritas korban kekerasan seksual terhadap anak perempuan memiliki status ekonomi menengah ndash; menengah ke bawah, status perkawinan orangtua dan hubungan dengan orangtua baik tetapi kurang pengawasan. Diketahui mayoritas kemampuan sosialisasi dan kondisi psikis korban dalam kategori baik ndash; cukup. Kejadian kekerasan seksual mayoritas dilakukan di tempat privasi dan tertutup pada jam 10.01 ndash; 16.00 saat orangtua bekerja dan 16.01 ndash; 22.00 saat anak bebas bermain dan lepas dari pengawasan orangtua. Sebanyak 59,2 korban mengaku mendapatkan paksaan/ ancaman/ iming ndash; iming, unsur pornografi, dan obat/ alkohol menggunakan makanan atau minuman dari pelaku. Mayoritas korban menyatakan tidak memberi perlawanan karena adanya ancaman/ iming ndash; iming dari pelaku, atau tidak tahu hal yang ia lakukan adalah salah, atau dilakukan atas dasar suka sama suka. Diharapkan bagi orangtua melakukan upaya ndash; upaya untuk mencegah anak menjadi korban maupun mencegah kejadian kekerasan seksual terulang kembali dengan mengajarkan anak tentang batasan antara lawan jenis, menggunakan baju yang sopan dan tidak terbuka, bagian tubuh yang tidak boleh disentuh, sentuhan boleh dan sentuhan tidak boleh, cara memberi respon penolakan, perilaku seksual yang berisiko dan akibatnya, serta orangtua meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap anaknya.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the description of child sexual abuse on girls in Integrated Crisis Center RSUPN dr. Ciptomangunkusumo based on the findings of 49 medical records from 2016 to 2017 collected by researcher. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive design. The results showed that the majority of victims aged 6 11 years 38.8 , in elementary school education primary school, and come with a visum request. Types of sexual abuse are dominated by rape cases by perpetrators of 25 40 year old who are known and have close relationships with victims, such as neighbors, boyfriends, friends, teachers, and caregivers. The majority of victims have lower middle to lower economic status, parental marital status and good parent relationship but lack of parental supervision. Given the majority of socialization skills and the psychological condition of the victim in either good ndash enough category. The majority of sexual abuses conducted in private place and happen at 10.01 a.m 04.00 p.m. when parents are working and 04.01 p.m. 10.00 p.m. when children are free to play out and out of parental supervision. As many as 59.2 of victims claimed to have coercion threat lure, pornography, and drugs alcohol using food or drink from the perpetrators. The majority of victims said they did not give any rejections caused by the threats lures of the perpetrators, or not knowing what she was doing was wrong, or done the sexual activity on the basis of loving each other. It is desirable for parents to make efforts to prevent children from becoming victims and prevent the occurrence of sexual abuse from recurring by teaching children about the boundaries between the opposite sex, using proper dresses, untouchable body parts, part of ldquo permitted touch rdquo and ldquo not permitted touches rdquo , how to give rejections, risky sexual behaviour and these consequences, also increase parental supervision of their children. "

"Studi ini berangkat dari maraknya kasus kekerasan seksual khususnya yang menimpa anak-anak (kekerasan seksual anak) terjadi di Indonesia. Meluasnya Pornografi disebut-sebut banyak pihak sebagai penyebab fenomena ini terjadi. Menggunakan dua pendekatan sekaligus, yakni kualitatif sebagai pendekatan utama dan kuantitatif sebagai pendukung, penelitian ini berusaha menelusuri pola penggunaan media pornografi pada pelaku kekerasan seksual anak dan bagaimana media pornografi berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual mereka tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis statistik deskriptif data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dengan metode survey pada 30 orang responden diduga bahwa penggunaan media pornografi pada pelaku kekerasan seksual anak penghuni Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak tidak banyak berbeda dengan orang biasa pada umumnya. Berdasarkan studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara diketahui bahwa bagaimana penggunaan media pornografi memengaruhi perilaku seksual pelaku kekerasan seksual anak merupakan hasil dari mekanisme pemutarbalikan persepsi, proses belajar sosial, efek desensitisasi, serta adanya keterbangkitan seksual (sexual aurosal) para pelaku kekerasan seksual anak tersebut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hubungan antara penggunaan media pornografi dan kekerasan seksual tidak bersifat langsung. Konsumsi pornografi mendorong terbentuknya skema tertentu tentang perempuan dan kondisi tersebut yang mendorong terjadinya kekerasan seksual.

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This study departs from the rampant cases of sexual violence, especially affecting children (child sexual abuse) occurred in Indonesia. Widespread pornography is touted by many as the cause of this phenomenon occurs. Using two approaches at once, qualitative as a main and quantitative as a supporter, this study tried to discover patterns of media use of pornography on the perpetrators of child sexual abuse and how the media of pornography relates to their sexual behavior. Based on the descriptive statistical analysis of quantitative data obtained by the the method of the survey on 30 respondents alleged that the use of media pornography on the perpetrators of child sexual abuse is not much different from people in general.

Based on case studies with data collection through interviews showed that how the use of media pornography affects sexual behavior of perpetrators of child sexual abuse is the result of a twisting mechanism of perception, social learning processes the effects of desensitization, and the presence of sexual arousal perpetrators of sexual abuse of the child. The study concluded that the relationship between media use pornography and sexual violence is not straightforward and not directly. Consumption of pornography encourages the formation of certain schemes on women on perpetrators and the conditions that perpetuate sexual violence."

"Kekerasan pada anak merupakan ancaman berskala global dan jumlahnya meningkat setiap tahun di Indonesia. Kekerasan pada anak memiliki konsekuensi psikososial jangka panjang mulai dari konsekuensi fisik, psikologis, perilaku, sampai konsekuensi sosial. Kekerasan pada anak juga merupakan pengabaian terhadap hak-hak anak di mana anak berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Di Indonesia, perlindungan anak meliputi upaya rehabilitasi yang dilakukan oleh lembaga kesejahteraan sosial anak (LKSA). Rehabilitasi sosial dimaksudkan untuk memulihkan dan mengembangkan kemampuan seseorang yang mengalami disfungsi sosial agar dapat melaksanakan fungsi sosialnya secara wajar. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kondisi psikososial anak korban kekerasan fisik dan seksual sebelum dan sesudah mendapatkan layanan rehabilitasi sosial serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat proses perubahan kondisi psikososial anak dalam masa rehabilitasi sosial di Sentra Handayani Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 7 orang yang terdiri dari, 2 pekerja sosial, 2 anak korban kekerasan, 2 pengasuh, dan 1 psikolog. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa gangguan psikososial yang dialami anak korban kekerasan fisik dan seksual sebelum mendapatkan layanan rehabilitasi sosial antara lain: depresi, agresif, menutup diri, tidak percaya diri, ketakutan, dan hiperseks. Namun, setelah mendapatkan layanan rehabilitasi sosial di lembaga, ada beberapa perubahan kondisi psikososial anak dilihat dari aspek psikososial serta aspek fisik. Perubahan aspek fisik seperti kenaikan berat badan dan memudarnya bekas luka anak. Perubahan aspek psikologis seperti kondisi depresi yang membaik ditandai dengan pola tidur yang kembali normal, mimpi buruk yang tidak kembali datang, hilangnya keinginan untuk menyakiti diri sendiri, dan emosi yang lebih stabil. Perubahan lainnya seperti kepercayaan diri yang meningkat dan pulihnya trauma (ketakutan) anak. Sedangkan, perubahan dari aspek perilaku seperti berkurangnya sifat agresif anak dan anak menjadi lebih terbuka. Adapun beberapa upaya yang dilakukan lembaga untuk memulihkan kondisi psikososial anak korban kekerasan adalah melalui layanan seperti konseling dan terapi. Konseling bertujuan untuk memecahkan masalah yang dimiliki anak korban kekerasan selama masa rehabilitasi. Sedangkan, terapi ditujukan kepada anak korban kekerasan yang memiliki trauma dan permasalahan psikologis tertentu yang membutuhkan penanganan lebih lanjut. Terdapat beberapa faktor pendukung proses perubahan kondisi psikososial anak korban kekerasan di antaranya: dukungan teman sebaya, dukungan keluarga dan dukungan pekerja sosial. Ketiganya telah membantu anak dengan memberikan dukungan emosional sehingga anak tidak lagi merasa sendirian dan kesepian selama menjalani proses rehabilitasi. Namun, terdapat juga faktor yang menghambat proses perubahan dari pihak anak seperti kepribadian anak yang tertutup dan sulit diatur. Faktor penghambat lainnya berasal dari lembaga, yaitu sikap dan perilaku pengasuh dan anak-anak di asrama yang suka berbicara kasar dan kotor.

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Violence against children is a global threat and the number increases every year in Indonesia. Violence against children has long-term psychosocial consequences ranging from physical, psychological, behavioral, to social consequences. Violence against children is also a disregard for children's rights where children have the right to protection from violence and discrimination. In Indonesia, child protection includes rehabilitation efforts carried out by child social welfare institutions (LKSA). Social rehabilitation is intended to restore and develop the ability of someone who experiences social dysfunction so that they can carry out their social functions properly. This research discusses the psychosocial conditions of children who are victims of physical and sexual violence before and after receiving social rehabilitation services as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in the process of changing children's psychosocial conditions during the social rehabilitation period at the Handayani Center in Jakarta. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The data collection method in this research was carried out through literature study, in-depth interviews, and observation. The informants in this study were 7 people consisting of 2 social workers, 2 child victims of violence, 2 caregivers, and 1 psychologist. The research results show that there are several psychosocial disorders experienced by children who are victims of physical and sexual violence before receiving social rehabilitation services, including: depression, aggression, withdrawal, lack of self-confidence, fear, and hypersexuality. However, after receiving social rehabilitation services at the institution, there were several changes in the child's psychosocial condition seen from the psychosocial and physical aspects. Changes in physical aspects such as weight gain and fading of children's scars. Changes in psychological aspects such as improved depression are characterized by sleep patterns returning to normal, nightmares not coming back, loss of desire to harm oneself, and more stable emotions. Other changes include increased self-confidence and recovery from children's trauma (fears). Meanwhile, changes in behavioral aspects such as reducing children's aggressive nature and children becoming more open. Some of the efforts made by institutions to restore the psychosocial condition of children who are victims of violence are through services such as counseling and therapy. Counseling aims to solve the problems that child victims of violence have during the rehabilitation period. Meanwhile, therapy is aimed at child victims of violence who have trauma and certain psychological problems that require further treatment. There are several factors that support the process of changing the psychosocial conditions of children who are victims of violence, including: peer support, family support and social worker support. The three of them have helped the child by providing emotional support so that the child no longer feels alone and alone during the rehabilitation process. However, there are also factors that hinder the process of change on the part of the child, such as the child's personality being closed and difficult to manage. Another inhibiting factor comes from the institution, namely the attitudes and behavior of caregivers and children in the dormitory who like to talk rudely and dirty."

"Eksploitasi seksual komersial anak merupakan masalah yang sangat serius dan bukan masalah yang baru muncul akhir-akhir ini. Pemerintah Indonesia telah lama berupaya untuk meminimalisir peningkatan jenis kejahatan yang menyerang masa depan anak, antara lain dengan mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan. Akan tetapi, semakin hari kejahatan ini memakan korban semakin banyak. Hal ini dikarenakan pelaku kejahatan tidak secara gentayangan dalam mencari korban. Akan tetapi mereka melakukan aksinya dengan sebuah perencanaan dan berdasarkan pilihan rasional mereka. Teori pilihan rasional adalah salah satu teori kriminologi yang mengajak untuk mengkaji secara serius bagaimana pelaku pelanggaran berpikir, guna memprediksi kapan suatu kejahatan terjadi. Dengan demikian pilihan rasional menjadi acuan penting untuk dikaji dalam mencari cara dalam pencegahan ESKA lebih baik lagi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian interdisipliner dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier yang dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka. Kemudian data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan disajikan secara deskriptif sehingga diperoleh gambaran secara rinci dan sistematis mengenai permasalahan dan pencegahan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak di era dari digital perspektif kriminologi dan yuridis. Kajian secara kriminologi dan yuridis sangat diperlukan sebab masalah kejahatan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak adalah masalah yang kompleks. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran re-konstruksi hukum dalam pencegahan dan penanganan ESKA di Indonesia khususnya pada era digital.

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Commercial sexual exploitation of children is a very serious problem and is not a problem that has emerged recently. The Indonesian government has long tried to minimize the increase in the types of crimes that attack children's future, such as by issuing several policies. However, every day this crime takes more and more victims. This is because criminals do not wander around in search of victims. But they act with a plan and based on their rational choice. Rational choice theory is one of the criminological theories that invites to seriously examine how offenders think, in order to predict when a crime will occur. So that rational choice becomes an important reference to be studied in finding better ways to prevent CSEC. This research is an interdisciplinary research using secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials collected through library research. Then it was analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively so as to obtain a detailed and systematic picture of the problem description and prevention of commercial sexual exploitation of children in the digital era from a criminological and juridical perspective. Criminological and juridical studies are very much needed because the problem of commercial sexual exploitation of children is a complex problem. This research can provide an overview of legal reconstruction in the prevention and handling of CSEC in Indonesia, especially in the digital era."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kejahatan seksual terhadap anak terjadi di seluruh dunia. KomnasPerlindungan Anak Indonesia mencatat, telah terjadi 21.869.797 kasus pelanggaran hakanak di Indonesia, dengan 42-58% merupakan kejahatan seksual terhadap anak dari tahun2010 hingga 2014. Hal-hal yang terdapat pada diri anak, karakteristik keluarga sertafaktor lingkungan dapat menjadi faktor resiko bagi anak untuk menjadi korban kejahatanseksual. Tujuan: Mencari hubungan antara karakteristik keluarga sebagai faktor resiko dengankejadian kejahatan seksual anak.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol dengan kasus berasal dari rekam medik pasien anak korban kejahatan seksual periode Januari 2012-Desember 2014sedangkan kontrol adalah anak bukan korban kejahatan seksual yang berobat di PoliklinikKiara RSCM selama bulan Oktober 2015. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknikpurposive sampling dan menggunakan kuesioner kekerasan seksual anak yang diadopsidari Guidelines WHO 2003. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dan dinyatakanbermakna apabila p<0,05 lalu dilakukan perhitungan RO serta IK95%. Hasil: Diperoleh 230 subyek pada setiap kelompok kasus dan kontrol, dengan rentangusia 2-18 tahun. Kejadian kejahatan seksual meningkat sesuai dengan bertambahnya usia,terbanyak (65,2%) pada remaja (12-17 tahun). Terdapat hubungan antara keberadaanorangtua dengan kejahatan seksual anak (p=0,009; RO 1,84; IK 1,16-2,91), namun tidakterdapat hubungan antara pendapatan keluarga (p=0,499; RO 0,88 IK=0,60-1,28) dananggota keluarga yang padat (p=0,641; RO 0,92; IK=0,64-1,32) dengan kejadian kejahatanseksual anak.Kesimpulan: Anak dengan orangtua tidak lengkap terbukti memiliki resiko untukterjadinya kejahatan seksual anak (RO 1,84; IK 1,16-2,91). Tingkat pendapatan keluargadan jumlah anggota keluarga tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian kejahatan seksual anak.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Child sexual assault occurs all over the world. Indonesia NationalCommission in Child Protection states that 42-58 % of 21,869,797 cases occuredbetween the years of 2010 to 2014. Risk factors that can contribute for a childbecoming a child sexual assault victim are the characteristic from the child, thefamily and the environment. Aim: This study was designed to discuss the relationship between the incidence ofchild sexual assault with the characteristics of the family as a risk factor.Method: samples for case-control study was taken by purposive sampling. Thecase group were taken from medical records of child sexual assault victims duringJanuay 2012 until Desember 2014, while the control group from non child sexualvictims who are outpatients of Clinic Kiara RSCM during Oktober 2015 using thesame questionare. Data is analiyzed using Chi-square and significant whenp<0.05. OR and CI 95% is also calculate. Result: Both groups consists of 230 subjects, with an age range 2-18 years.Incomparison with the control group. The incidence of child sexual assaultincreases with age, the highest (65.2%) in adolescent (12-17 years). This studyshowed a significant relationship between the presence of a parent towards theincidence with child sexual assault (p=0.012, RO=1.88, CI=1.13-2.85), butshowed no significant relationship between family income (p=0.499, OR=0,88; CI=0.60-1.28 ) and the number of family members ( p=0.641, RO=0.92, CI=0.641.32).Conclusion:The result showed that children who have complete parents have aproven risk to become victims of child sexual assault. The level of family incomeand the number of family members does not associated with the incidence of child sexual assault. ;Background: Child sexual assault occurs all over the world. Indonesia NationalCommission in Child Protection states that 42-58 % of 21,869,797 cases occuredbetween the years of 2010 to 2014. Risk factors that can contribute for a childbecoming a child sexual assault victim are the characteristic from the child, thefamily and the environment. Aim: This study was designed to discuss the relationship between the incidence ofchild sexual assault with the characteristics of the family as a risk factor.Method: samples for case-control study was taken by purposive sampling. Thecase group were taken from medical records of child sexual assault victims duringJanuay 2012 until Desember 2014, while the control group from non child sexualvictims who are outpatients of Clinic Kiara RSCM during Oktober 2015 using thesame questionare. Data is analiyzed using Chi-square and significant whenp<0.05. OR and CI 95% is also calculate. Result: Both groups consists of 230 subjects, with an age range 2-18 years.Incomparison with the control group. The incidence of child sexual assaultincreases with age, the highest (65.2%) in adolescent (12-17 years). This studyshowed a significant relationship between the presence of a parent towards theincidence with child sexual assault (p=0.012, RO=1.88, CI=1.13-2.85), butshowed no significant relationship between family income (p=0.499, OR=0,88; CI=0.60-1.28 ) and the number of family members ( p=0.641, RO=0.92, CI=0.641.32).Conclusion:The result showed that children who have complete parents have aproven risk to become victims of child sexual assault. The level of family incomeand the number of family members does not associated with the incidence of child sexual assault. ;Background: Child sexual assault occurs all over the world. Indonesia NationalCommission in Child Protection states that 42-58 % of 21,869,797 cases occuredbetween the years of 2010 to 2014. Risk factors that can contribute for a childbecoming a child sexual assault victim are the characteristic from the child, thefamily and the environment. Aim: This study was designed to discuss the relationship between the incidence ofchild sexual assault with the characteristics of the family as a risk factor.Method: samples for case-control study was taken by purposive sampling. Thecase group were taken from medical records of child sexual assault victims duringJanuay 2012 until Desember 2014, while the control group from non child sexualvictims who are outpatients of Clinic Kiara RSCM during Oktober 2015 using thesame questionare. Data is analiyzed using Chi-square and significant whenp<0.05. OR and CI 95% is also calculate. Result: Both groups consists of 230 subjects, with an age range 2-18 years.Incomparison with the control group. The incidence of child sexual assaultincreases with age, the highest (65.2%) in adolescent (12-17 years). This studyshowed a significant relationship between the presence of a parent towards theincidence with child sexual assault (p=0.012, RO=1.88, CI=1.13-2.85), butshowed no significant relationship between family income (p=0.499, OR=0,88; CI=0.60-1.28 ) and the number of family members ( p=0.641, RO=0.92, CI=0.641.32).Conclusion:The result showed that children who have complete parents have aproven risk to become victims of child sexual assault. The level of family incomeand the number of family members does not associated with the incidence of child sexual assault. "