Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Acanthaster planci dilaporkan memiliki enzim phospolipase A2 (PLA2) yang memiliki aktivitas antiviral. Sementara itu, penyakit AIDS semakin menyebar yang diakibatkan oleh virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Namun, terdapat resistensi virus HIV terhadap obat yang ada sehingga menurunkan efektivitas yang ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari alternatif obat terhadap HIV, salah satunya adalah PLA2 ini. Oleh karena itu, penelitian secara umum bertujuan untuk mengobservasi adanya aktivitas antiviral PLA2 terhadap HIV. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan sampel enzim PLA2 berupa CV dan F20 untuk diuji aktivitas dengan degradasi fosfatidikolin dan kemurniannya dengan SDS-PAGE. Uji aktivitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem in vitro, yaitu kultur virus HIV dengan menggunakan sel PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells). Sel PBMC diisolasi dari darah orang sehat yang kemudian distimulasi dengan PHA (Phytohaemaglutinin). Sel ini dijadikan feeder untuk memperbanyak virus dari PBMC pasien positif HIV. Sebelum dilakukan uji aktivitas terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji toksisitas dengan LC50. Hasil uji aktivitas PLA2 didapatkan bahwa F20 memiliki aktivitas spesifik dan tingkat kemurnian 15,66 kali dari CV. Nilai LC50 PLA2 adalah sebesar 1,63799 mg/ml. Sementara itu hasil uji aktivitas antiviral PLA2 secara in vitro menunjukkan hambatan persentase sel yang terinfeksi, dimana untuk kultur HIV yang memiliki rata-rata infeksi 9,718±0,802% menurun setelah ditambahkan dengan PLA2 menjadi hanya 0,299±0,212% infeksi dari jumlah sel.

---

Acanthaster planci has enzyme, phospolipase A2 (PLA2), which has ability as antiviral agent. AIDS had become big pandemic in the world cause of the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Furthermore, HIV had become resistance with current drugs, so it decrease the efectivity of drugs.

This research conduct to obtain the alternative drug for HIV infection, one of them is PLA2. So, the objective of this research was to observe antiviral activity of PLA2 agains HIV. This research using CV and F20 as the sample PLA2 which had been extracted from A. planci. Enzimatic activity will be determine by degradation of phospatidicholin and the purification determine by SDS-PAGE.

Activity test was done in vitro by using PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) as feeder to increase HIV population. Meanwhile, toxicity test must be done before by LC50. PLA2 F20 had activity and purity by 15.66 times bigger than CV. LC50 of PLA2 was about 1,63799 mg/ml.

Meanwhile, antiviral activity test of PLA2 in vitro show inhibition of percentage of infected cells. Where, HIV culture shows infected cells about 9,718±0,802%. After Additon of PLA2, infected cells was drop into 0,299±0,212% from the total of cells."

"A. planci dilaporkan memiliki enzim phospolipase A2 (PLA2) yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba, antikanker dan antiviral. Sementara itu, penyakit AIDS semakin menyebar yang diakibatkan oleh virus HIV atau Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan PLA2 yang berasal dari A. planci dapat memiliki aktivitas antiviral juga. Dalam penelitian ini dilaporkan hasil preparasi untuk uji aktivitas antiviral PLA2 pada HIV. Enzim PLA2 diekstraksi dan dimurnikan kemudian difraksinasi dengan amonium sulfat. Hasil dari ekstraksi, pemurnian, dan fraksinasi didapatkan sampel CV, PV, F20, F40, F60, dan F80. Sampel yang didapatkan dilakukan pengukuran uji aktivitas yang diukur melalui absorbansi pada spektrofotometer UV-VIS, uji konsentrasi dengan metode lowry, dan SDS-PAGE. Sementara itu, inkubasi virus dimulai dari persiapan PBMC dari elusi sel darah merah. PBMC yang didapatkan kemudian diinfeksi dengan darah yang mengandung virus HIV. Virus kemudian diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan PCR.Dari hasil uji aktivitas, didapatkan sampel F20 yang akan digunakan untuk uji antiviral karena memiliki aktivitas spesifik dan kemurnian 16,39 kali lebih murni dari CV. PBMC yang didapatkan mencapai ± 107 sel/ml. Setelah 1 bulan inkubasi, dilaporkan tidak adanya virus yang terdeteksi. Setelah ditelusuri terdapat kontaminasi bakteri pada media yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan virus.

---

A. planci has enzyme, phospolipase A2 (PLA2), which has ability as antimicrobe, anti-cancer, and antiviral agent. AIDS had become big pandemic in the world cause of the spread of HIV virus. Furthermore, experiment of PLA2 from A. planciwhich had antiviral activity must be identified.This report was reporting preparation result for PLA2 antiviral test to HIV. Extract of venom from A. planci was purified by heat and amonium sulfate fractionation, resulting CV, PV, F20, F40, F60, and F80. Specific activity was measured by spectrofotometer UV-VIS, concentration of enzyme by lowry method, and purity of enzyme by SDS-PAGE.

Meanwhile, virus incubation was started from PBMC preparation by elution of red blood cell. Then, PBMC would be infected by HIV virus. Identification of the presence of virus in the growth media was identified by using PCR. From the result, F20 have biggest specific activity and purity level by 16.39 times bigger than CV. Obtained PBMC was around ± 107 cell/ml. After one month incubation, report that there were no virus which was detected. Then, it also indicate that there are bacteria contamination in the media which affect the virus growth."

"ABSTRAKDemam Berdarah Dengue DBD merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi dengan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi di negara-begara beriklim tropis maupun sub-tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Dengue. Beragam penelitian telah dilakukan dan dikembangkan guna menemukan zat-zat atau senyawa baru yang memiliki potensial untuk dijadikan antivirus dengue, dengan fokus penelitian utama menggunakan bahan-bahan herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas antiviral campuran senyawa turunan asam galat berupa propil galat dan metil galat terhadap Dengue Virus Serotipe-2 DENV-2 dengan menggunakan sel Huh7it-1. Variabel bebas penelitian adalah konsentrasi campuran metil galat dan propil galat. Variabel terikat berupa nilai Inhibitory Concentration 50, Cytotoxic Concentration 50, dan Selectivity Index masing-masing sebesar 4.911 ?g/ mL ?g/mL didapatkan dengan teknik focus assay, 113.788 ?g/mL didapatkan dengan menggunakan teknik MTT assay, dan 23.168. Hasil uji analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara konsentrasi campuran metil galat dan propil galat yang diberikan dengan persen infektivitas dan persen viabilitas P=0.003. Dapat disimpulkan bahwasannya campuran metil galat dan propil galat memiliki poensial untuk menjadi antivirus DENV-2.

---

ABSTRACTDengue Haemorrhagic Fever DHF is one of the highest prevalent diseases in tropical dan sub tropical countries, including Indonesia. This disease is caused by Dengue virus infection. Researches have been done and developed through years to find potential compounds to be dengue antivirus, especially using herbal resources. The goal of this study is to observe the antiviral efectivity of Methyl Gallate and Prophyl Gallate Mixtures against DENV 2. This study is performed in Huh7it 1 cells using in vitro technique. The independent variable of this study is the concentration of methyl gallate and prophyl gallate mixtures. The dependent variables are Inhibitory Concentration 50 with focus assay, Cytotoxic Concentration 50 with MTT assay, and Selectivity Index, with values respectively 4.911 g mL, 113.788 g mL, and 23.168 The results from bivariate analytical study shows significant relation between the concentration of methyl gallate and prophyl gallate mixtures given in the study with the infectivity and viability persentation P 0.003 . Therefore, we can say that methyl gallate and prophyl gallate mixtures have the potential to be the antivirus against DENV 2. "

"ABSTRAKInfeksi dengue memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi di dunia, dengan spektrum penyakit yang luas yaitu Demam Dengue, Demam Berdarah Dengue, dan Sindrom Syok Dengue. Namun, tatalaksana yang ada tidak bersifat spesifik. Sudah banyak penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mencari vaksin dan antivirus dengue. Salah satu yang sudah terbukti memiliki efek antivirus dengue adalah senyawa turunan asam galat yaitu propil galat dan etil galat. Penelitian eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antivirus campuran propil galat dan etil galat terhadap virus dengue serotipe 2 pada sel Huh7it-1. Efek sitotoksisitas senyawa terhadap sel diuji dengan metode 3- 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Nilai yang didapat digunakan untuk mencari nilai konsentrasi toksik 50 . Efek inhibisi senyawa terhadap replikasi virus diuji dengan metode focus assay. Nilai yang didapat digunakan untuk mencari nilai konsentrasi hambat 50 . Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai CC50 = 117.942 mg/ml, IC50 = 4.455 mg/ml, dan SI = 26.474. Campuran propil galat dan etil galat memiliki efek antivirus terhadap DENV-2 dan cukup selektif.

---

ABSTRACTDengue infection have a serious prevalence in worldwide with a broad spectrum of disease from dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Otherwise, the nowadays treatment seems not specific for the dengue itself. There were a lot of study to search for the vaccine and the antivirus. One of the successful study that contained a significant effect of dengue antivirus is a chemical compound from gallate acid named propyl gallate and ethyl gallate. This experimental study aim to know the antivirus effect from the mixture of propyl gallate and ethyl gallate to the dengue virus serotype 2 in Huh7it 1 cells. Cytotoxicity effect of the mixture to the cells tested by 3 4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay technique. Obtained results can be used to search for the half cytotoxic concentration. The inhibition effect from this mixture to the viral replication processes tested by focus assay technique. Obtained results can be used to search for the half inhibitory concentration. From this study, the value of CC50 is 117.942 g mL, meanwhile the value of IC50 is 4.455 g mL with the SI value is 26.474. The mixture of propyl gallate and ethyl gallate have an antivirus effect to DENV 2 strain which are quite selective."

"ABSTRAKAngka insidensi demam dengue di dunia masih tinggi, terutama di Asia, khusunya Indonesia. Angka insidensi demam dengue di Indonesia cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya dengan angka insidensi pada tahun 2014 yaitu 83,34/100.000 penduduk. Sampai saat ini belum terdapat obat antiviral terhadap DENV sehingga penanganan demam dengue hanya sebatas terapi suportif. Dengan adanya agen antiviral, akan menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas dari demam dengue. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental yang menggunakan DENV serotipe 2 strain New Guinea C dan sel Huh7it-1 untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiviral fraksi n-heksana ekstrak daun kenikir Cosmo caudatus terhadap DENV-2. Dilakukan uji viabilitas sel Huh7it-1 dengan metode MTT assay untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas ekstrak. Dari uji ini didapatkan nilai half-cytotoxic concentration CC50 . Half-inhibitory concentration IC50 merupakan kemampuan ekstrak untuk menghambat replikasi DENV yang didapat melalui focus assay. Aktivitas antiviral digambarkan melalu nilai indeks selektivitas SI yang merupakan hasil perbandingan CC50 dengan IC50. Nilai CC50, IC50, dan SI dari fraksi n-heksana daun Cosmos caudatus sebesar 33,247 g/ml, 1,497 g/ml, dan 22,209 secara berurutan. Sehingga, fraksi n-heksana ekstrak daun C. caudatus memiliki aktivitas antiviral yang cukup baik terhadap DENV-2 secara in vitro

---

ABSTRACTDengue fever incidence rate in the world is still high, with the highest number in Asia, especially Indonesia. Dengue fever incidence rate in Indonesia tends to increase year by year. Even in 2014, the incidence rate reached 83,34 100.000 population. Until now, there is still no availabe antiviral agents againts DENV. Therefore, DENV treatment is only limited to supportive therapy. It has been concluded that the presence of antiviral agents will decrease morbidity and mortality rate of dengue fever. This is an experimental study which used DENV 2 New Guinea Strain C and Huh7it 1 cell to find out antiviral activity of n hexane fraction of Cosmos caudatus against DENV 2. Toxicity level of the extract was obtained from viability test of Huh7it 1 with MTT assay method. From this test, we obtained the half cytotoxic concentration CC50 . The ability of the extract to inhibit DENV replication is depicted from half inhibitory concentration IC50 which was performed with focus assay method. Antiviral activity is depicted from the value of selectivity index SI which is a ratio between CC50 and IC50. The value of CC50, IC50, and SI are 33,247 g ml, 1,497 g ml, and 22,209, respectively. N hexane fraction of C. caudatus leaf extract showed satisfactory antiviral activity against DENV 2 in vitro."

"ABSTRAKInfeksi virus dengue DENV di benua asia tenggara yang memiliki iklim tropis masih terhitung tinggi karena lebih dari 70 pengidap demam dengue di dunia ditemukan di benua asia tenggara. Pada tahun 2013 terdapat 112.511 kasus demam dengue di Indonesia dengan angka kematian 871 jiwa. Hal tersebut masih merupakan masalah di Indonesia, terlebih hingga saat ini belum tersedia pengobatan khusus untuk menangani demam dengue sehingga tatalaksana yang kini dilakukan untuk menangani penderita demam dengue hanya sebatas terapi suportif.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiviral dari campuran ekstrak kasar daun kenikir Cosmos caudatus Kunth. dan daun ketepeng Cassia alata terhadap DENV serotipe-2 strain New Guinea C pada sel Huh7-it1. Aktivitas antiviral dapat dinyatakan melalui indeks selektivitas. Indeks selektivitas merupakan perbandingan antara half-cytotoxic concentration CC 50 dan half-inhibitory concentration IC50 . CC50 adalah ukuran tingkat toksisitas ekstrak terhadap sel Huh7-it1 yang nilainya didapatkan melalui metode MTT assay.IC50 adalah kemampuan ekstrak untuk menghambat replikasi DENV2 yang nilainya didapatkan melalui focus assay.Campuran ekstrak kasar daun C. caudatusdan C. alatamemiliki nilai CC50 sebesar 172.67 ?g/ml, IC50 sebesar 11.84 ?g/ml, dan indeks selektivitas sebesar 14.58.Campuran ekstrak kasar daun C. caudatus dan C. alata memiliki aktivitas antiviral yang baik terhadap DENV-2.

---

ABSTRACTDengue virus DENV infection in Southeast Asia is still high because more than 70 dengue fever found in there.. In 2013 there is 112.511 cases with 871 of death and it rsquo s still become a major problem in Indonesia. Until now, there is no specific medication or treatment to treat dengue fever patient and for now the treatment is only supportive therapy. The purpose of this research is to identify the antiviral activity of mix rude extract of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. and Cassia alata leaves against DENV serotype 2 New Guinea C strain at huh7 it1 cells. Antiviral activity of the substance can be stated as selectivity index.Selectivity index is the ratio between half cytotoxic concentration CC50 and half inhibitory concentration IC50 . CC50 is the degree of extract rsquo s toxicity against Huh7it 1 cells which its value were determined by MTT assays. IC50 is the capability of the extract to inhibit the replication of DENV2 which its value determined byusing focus assay. Mix crude extract of Cosmos caudatus and Cassia alata leaves has the CC50 value of 172.67 g ml and IC50 value of 11.84 g ml hence its selectivity index was 14.58. Mix crude extract of Cosmos caudatus and Cassia alata leaves has high level of antiviral activity against DENV2 in Huh7it 1 cells."

"ABSTRAKDemam dengue masih memiliki angka insidensi tinggi terutama di Indonesia. Sampai saat ini, belum ditemukan terapi antivirus dengue. Penelitian untuk mendapatkan antivirus dengue dari sumber herbal sudah banyak dilakukan. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antivirus dengue adalah Calophyllum nodosum yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Penelitian ini menguji efek antiviral fraksi butanol Calophyllum nodosum terhadap aktivitas virus dengue tipe 2 dengan sel Huh-7-it sebagai sel host secara in vitro dan konsentrasi inhibisi minimal. Efek antiviral dinilai dengan nilai konsentrasi inhibitorik 50 IC50 dan konsentrasi sitotoksik 50 CC50 . Nilai IC50 menilai efek inhibisi ekstrak dan didapatkan dari hasil focus assay dengan menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, dan 2,5 g/mL Nilai CC50 menunjukkan efek sitotoksik ekstrak dan dihasilkan dari MTT assay dengan menggunakan konsentrasi 640, 320, 160, 80, 40, 20, dan 10 g/mL Perbandingan IC50 dan CC50 menghasilkan indeks selektivitas SI . Hasil IC50 adalah 5.6 g/mL dan hasil CC50 adalah 1181 g/mL sehingga didapatkan SI 210.9. Konsentrasi inhibisi minimal adalah 2.5 g/mL. Analisis statistic menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok control dengan kelompok perlakuan pada focus assay dan MTT assay. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi butanol Calophyllum nodosum memiliki efek antiviral tinggi dibandingkan efek sitotoksiknya.

---

ABSTRACTDengue fever still has a high incidence rate especially in Indonesia. Until now, there is no dengue antiviral therapy found. Researches to develop dengue antiviral from herbal sources had been done. One of the potential plants as dengue antiviral is Calophyllum nodosum which is known to have antimicrobial activity. This research evaluated the antiviral effects of butanol fraction of Calophyllum nodosum on DENV 2 activity with Huh 7 it cells as host cells in vitro and also evaluated minimal inhibitory concentration. Antiviral effects were assessed with 50 inhibitory concentration IC50 and 50 cytotoxic concentration CC50 values. The value of IC50 showed the effect of extract inhibition and is obtained from the focus assay results using the extract concentrations of 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, and 2.5 g mL. The CC50 value showed the effect of cytotoxic extract and resulted from MTT assay using concentrations of 640, 320 , 160, 80, 40, 20, and 10 g mL. Ratio of CC50 and IC50 is the selectivity index SI . The value of IC50 is 5.6 g mL and the value of CC50 is 1181 g mL and resulted in SI 210.9. The minimum inhibitory concentration is 2.5 g mL. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between control group and treatment group on focus assay and MTT assay. It can be concluded that the butanol fraction of Calophyllum nodosum has a high antiviral effect compared to its cytotoxic effects"

"[DENV merupakan sebuah virus yang penularannya melalui vektor nyamuk, yaitu Aedes aegypti. Virus ini terdiri dari 4 tipe, yaitu DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, dan DENV-4. Infeksi DENV banyak terjadi pada negara dengan iklim tropis, diantaranya seperti Karibia, Asia Tenggara, serta Pasifik Barat. Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara dengan endemis infeksi DENV di seluruh wilayahnya. Hingga saat ini, tatalaksana yang diberikan untuk pasien dengan infeksi DENV masih berupa tatalaksana suportif dikarenakan belum ditemukan obat yang efektif untuk mengobati keempat tipe DENV. Ekstrak daun Shorea spp. disinyalir memiliki kemampuan untuk menginhibisi DENV sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai antiviral. Pada penelitian ini, sel Huh7It-1diinfeksikan dengan DENV dan diberikan ekstrak Shorea spp. dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Efektifitas ekstrak diteliti dengan menggunakan konsentrasi 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, dan 10 μg/ml. Efek inhibisi diuji menggunakan metode Focus Assay. Sedangkan efek sitotoksik diuji menggunakan metode MTT Assay. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai sitotoksik (CC50) ekstrak terhadap sel dan nilai inhibisi (IC50) ekstrak terhadap DENV, yaitu nilainya sebesar 150,85 μg/ml dan 23,22 μg/ml. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 dan CC50, didapatkan nilai Selectivity Index (SI) sebesar 6,496. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun Shorea spp. memiliki efek inhibisi terhadap DENV dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai antiviral terhadap DENV di masa mendatang.;DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future;DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future, DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future]"

"By focusing on general molecular mechanisms of antiviral drugs rather than therapies for individual viruses, this ready reference provides the critical knowledge needed to develop entirely novel therapeutics and to target new viruses.It begins with a general discussion of antiviral strategies, followed by a broad survey of known viral targets, such as reverse transcriptases, proteases, neuraminidases, RNA polymerases, helicases and primases, as well as their known inhibitors. The final section contains several cases studies of recent successful antiviral drug development.Edited by Erik de Clercq, the world authority on small molecule antiviral drugs, who has developed more new antivirals than anyone else."

"ABSTRAKLATAR BELAKANG: Demam dengue DD adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi virus yang sering ditemukan di daerah tropis. Di Indonesia, 2014, terdapat lebih dari 100,000 kasus DD dengan beberapa kasus fatal. Virus Dengue Serotipe-2 DENV-2 adalah penyebab tersering komplikasi DD, dan dapat memperburuk prognosis. Hingga saat ini, belum ada antivirus spesifik terhadap DENV. METODE: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat efektivitas dan toksisitas daun Cosmos caudatus sebagai antivirus DENV. Pada penelitian ini digunakan uji bergantung dosis pada sel Huh7. Toksisitas ekstrak tanaman tersebut diuji dengan MTT assay CC50 . Efektivitas ekstrak tersebut dianalisis dengan focus assay sehingga didapatkan nilai konsentrasi hambat IC50 . Data tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung Selectivity Index SI tanaman tersebut terhadap DENV-2. HASIL: Ekstrak daun Cosmos caudatus memiliki CC50 sebesar 187.1 g/mL, IC50 sebesar 12.2 g/mL, dan SI sebesar 15.4 KESIMPULAN: Ekstrak daun Cosmos caudatus menunjukkan aktivitas antiviral terhadap DENV-2 dan tidak toksik. Ekstrak daun Cosmos caudatus dapat dijadikan kandidat antiviral di masa mendatang.

---

ABSTRACTDengue fever DF is one of the most common viral infections found in tropical regions. In Indonesia, 2014, there were over 100,000 cases of DF, along with several fatal cases. The dengue virus serotype 2 DENV 2 is responsible for most complications in DF and may lead to worse prognosis. To date, there is no specific antivirus for DENV. METHOD The experiment was done to evaluate the effectivity and toxicity of Cosmos caudatus leaf as a DENV antivirus. The experiment used a dose dependant test on Huh7 cells. The plant extract s toxicity was tested with MTT assay CC50 The extract s effectivity was analysed using focus assay, to measure the inhibitory concentration IC50 . The data is then used to find the plant s selectivity index SI on DENV 2. RESULT Cosmos caudatus leaf extract has the CC50 of 187.1 g mL, IC50 of 12.2 g mL, and SI of 15.4. "