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"Pengujian ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan hasil stabilitas tanah yang lebih baik (dengan menambahkan bahan Additive Kapur dan Abu Sekam Padi.Dengan menggunakan beberapa macam komposisi campuran Additive yaitu : 2,5% ; 5% dan 7,5%, maka dapat dibandingkan Sifat Mekanik, Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimiawi tanah campuran tersebut dengan tanah aslinya.Pengujian Sifat Mekanik, memperlihatkan hasil Kekuatan Geser (Direct Shear), Kuat Tekan Bebas, Pemadatan (Compaction), serta Daya Dukung (CBR).Pengujian Sifat Fisik, memperlihatkan hasil Batas-batas Atterberg (Batas Cair, Batas Plastis, Batas Susut dan Indeks Plastisitas) Specific Gravity dan Morfologi.Pengujian Sifat Kimiawi, memperlihatkan hasil Unsur-unsur kimia dan mineral yang terkandung serta reaksi kimia yang terjadi.Dari hasil pengujian-pengujian tersebut dapat dibandingkan sifat-sifat tersebut diatas antara tanah asli dan tanah yang telah dicampur dengan bahan Kapur atau Abu Sekam Padi dengan komposisi 2,5%, 5% dan 7,5%."

"Peter Aldington started his independent architectural practice in 1962, quickly earning an international reputation for designing small houses that respected their village locations and achieved magical transitions between interior and garden. The group of three houses at Haddenham, Buckinghamshire (1964-68), now listed Grade II*, where Aldington created a well-known garden, is still widely admired and visited, and has been vested in a trust. John Craig became a partner in the practice in 1970 and they went on to design ground-breaking doctors' group practice surgeries, shops, office interiors and public housing."

"Following on from Graham Bizley's successful Architecture in Detail, Architecture in Detail II presents 40 case studies of detailing on recent construction projects. Over 150 full colour drawings and photos provide a reference compendium for the professional architect seeking detailing inspiration. Originally featured in Building Design's In Detail magazine, the included projects represent some of the most interesting and innovative techniques in recent architecture. Graham Bizley's beautifully presented detail drawings allow the architect to easily see how ideas and techniques can be applied"

"Penilaian permukaan jalan adalah proses untuk mengevaluasi kondisi jalan yang ada, mendeteksi semua jenis kerusakan jalan. Kondisi jalan menjadi hal yang penting mengingat salah satu faktor penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas. Metode penilaian permukaan jalan saat ini mahal, memakan waktu, dan padat karya. Sebagian besar pendekatan penilaian permukaan jalan saat ini menggunakan kendaraan bergerak yang disesuaikan secara unik untuk setiap karakteristik guna memantau permukaan jalan dan hanya memeriksa sejumlah lokasi tertentu. Proyek penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan metode penilaian permukaan jalan saat ini menjadi lebih fleksibel, efektif, murah, dan membutuhkan lebih sedikit tenaga kerja. Selain itu, ini akan menghubungkan prosedur penilaian permukaan jalan saat ini dengan deteksi berbasis Smartphone dengan menghasilkan referensi yang komprehensif. Selain itu, tinjauan literatur algoritma pendeteksian berbasis Smartphone dan metode penelitian hadir untuk memfasilitasi tautan tersebut. Deteksi berbasis smartphone memberikan peluang baru untuk meningkatkan metode penilaian jalan karena kemampuannya untuk mengevaluasi area yang lebih luas dan membutuhkan lebih sedikit tenaga, biaya, dan waktu. Namun, pendeteksian berbasis smartphone tidak dapat menggantikan keseluruhan metode penilaian jalan, tetapi memberikan peluang untuk memperkecil ukuran area yang perlu dikunjungi.

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Road surface assessment is a process to evaluate the existing road condition, it detects all kinds of road defects. Road condition is important knowing that it is one of the factors that cause road accidents. The current road surface assessment method is expensive, time consuming, and labour intensive. The majority of the current road surface assessment approach use a moving vehicle that is uniquely tailored for each characteristic to monitor the road surface and examines just a limited number of locations.This research project aims to improve the current road surface assessment method to be more flexible, effective, inexpensive, and requires less labour work. Moreover, it will link the current road surface assessment procedure with Smartphone based detection by generating a comprehensive reference. In addition, literature review of Smartphone based detection algorithms and research method is present to facilitate the link. Smartphone based detection gives a new opportunity to improve the road assessment method due to its ability to evaluate larger area and it requires less labour, cost, and time. However, Smartphone based detection cannot replace the entire road assessment method, but it gives the chance to lessen the size of areas that need to be visited."

"Construction delays have become endemic in Libya. It is imperative to create awareness of the extent to which such delays can adversely affect project delivery, especially with regard to road construction projects. It is clear that the Libyan road construction industry also faces the issue of not being able to complete projects within the allocated time. This paper identifies the effects of road construction delays, evaluates these through a questionnaire, and assesses them using an empirical method. A detailed review of related literature produced the secondary data, while the primary data was obtained via a structured questionnaire which targeted the road construction projects owners, consultants and contractors. A 71% response rate was achieved; 256 out of the 360 questionnaires sent out were returned. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data received from the questionnaires. The findings of the study reveal that the major outcomes of road construction project schedule overruns in Tripoli, Libya include cost overruns, time extensions, disputes, loss of profit, breaches of contract, poor quality of work and company’s bad reputation. The study makes a contribution to the knowledge of the subject of the outcomes of road construction project schedule overruns in Tripoli. Computation of the means and standard deviations, together with a structural equation model, have been used for the data analysis and inference. It is found that delays in road construction projects widely lead to cost overrun, time overrun, litigation and disputes. The findings of the study also provide significant insights into the construction industry, which will help it formulate strategies in order to avoid delays and their consequences. The most important effects identified were time overrun, cost overrun and obstruction of economic and country development. The recommendations and limitations are discussed in the concluding part of the study."

"Kajian ini menjelaskan mengenai lingkungan dan pembangunan jalan Semarang-Kedu-Yogyakarta oleh masyarakat sepanjang tahun 1830 sampai dengan 1856. Ketiadaan sungai sebagai sarana transportasi dari Semarang dan pedalaman membuat jalan menjadi satu-satunya sarana bagi masyarakat pada abad ke-19. Dengan menerapkan metode sejarah, penelitian ini menganalisis informasi dari sumber-sumber primer koleksi Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia yang terdiri dari arsip laporan umum tahunan dari Semarang, Kedu, dan Yogyakarta, serta laporan survei seputar jalan pedalaman Jawa bagian tengah. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan hubungan struktural–agensi yang menjelaskan hubungan antara habitus dan modal yang berbeda dengan struktur atau arena dapat menghasilkan tindakan berbeda juga. Hasil penelusuran arsip menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Jawa membentuk jaringan jalan desa dan sistem pemeliharaan jalan sendiri untuk menyesuaikan kondisi lingkungan geografis, seperti teknik perawatan jalan dan penanaman pohon di sisi jalan. Kondisi geografis pegunungan juga dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai mata pencaharian dengan penyewaan jasa kuli angkut dan penyewaan kuda. Di sisi lain, administrasi kolonial membuat sistem pembangunan serta perawatan jalan dan jembatan untuk mengoptimalkan pengangkutan hasil pertanian. Beberapa teknik pembangunan jalan dan jembatan diterapkan untuk mengatasi berbagai kondisi lingkungan yang ada di sepanjang jalan Semarang, Kedu, dan Yogyakarta.

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This study discusses the ecology of Semarang-Kedu-Yogyakarta road construction by the people during the period 1830 to 1856. The unavailability of navigable rivers for transportation between Semarang and the hinterland left the road as the only option for people. This research utilised the historical method with primary sources from the Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, consisting of annual reports archieves from Semarang, Kedu and Yogyakarta, as well as inland roads survey reports of central Java. This study applied a structural-agency approach referred to as the field. Pierre Bourdieu explains that the relationship between different agencies in the same field may generate different practices. Thus, the geographical environment prompted Javanese people to build village road networks and establish their own road maintenance systems, such as preservation techniques and plantation of trees on the side of the road. The mountainous geographical landscape was also utilised by the villagers for livelihoods by providing porters and horse rental service. While the colonial administration instituted a system of constructing and maintaining roads and bridges to optimise the transport of agricultural products. Several road and bridge construction engineering works were applied to overcome the various environmental conditions that existed along the Semarang, Kedu, and Yogyakarta roads."