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"Salah satu risiko terpenting dari penyakit jantung koroner adalah dislipidemia, antara lain hiperkolesterolemia atau tingginya kadar kolesterol-LDL darah. Fitosterol merupakan salah satu komponen makanan yang diketahui dapat menurunkan kolesterol darah, sehingga merupakan komponen dalam terapi diet untuk perbaikan pola hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek fitosterol yang dilarutkan dalam susu rendah lemak pada subyek dengan hiperkolesterolemia ringan-sedang. Telah dilakukan uji klinik terbuka dengan 2 kelompok sejajar di Departemen Ilmu Gizi FKUI bulan Juni ? Nopember 2006. Masing-masing subyek dialokasikan secara acak untuk menerima konseling khusus dan susu yang mengandung 1,2 g fitosterol/hari (kelompok perlakuan) atau hanya menerima konseling khusus saja (kelompok kontrol) selama periode 6 minggu. Tidak ada perubahan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol-LDL serum yang bermakna pada kelompok kontrol setelah pengamatan selama 6 minggu (berturut-turut 218,3 ± 18,6 mg/dL menjadi 219,6 ± 24,3 mg/dL dan 164,7±21.,8 mg/dL menjadi 160,0±26,4 mg/dL). Sebaliknya, terdapat penurunan kadar kolestero total dan kolesterol-LDL yang bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan (p=0,01 dan p=0,004) setelah pengamatan selama 6 minggu (berturut-turut 233,5±24,6 mg/dL menjadi 211,2±30,3 mg/dL dan 176,9±23.9 mg/dL menjadi 153.8±23.7 mg/dL). Jumlah penurunan kadar kolesterol-LDL serum sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok perlakuan (22.4±27,9 mg/dL) lebih besar secara bermakna (p=0,024) dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (4,7±17,2 mg/dL). Tidak ada perubahan bermakna pada kadar kolesterol-HDL dan trigliserida serum pada kedua kelompok. Walaupun tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dalam asupan zat gizi dari makanan, namun pada kelompok perlakuan didapatkan penurunan bermakna pada berat badan (p=0,000), indeks massa tubuh (p=0,000) dan lingkar perut (0,000). Disimpulkan bahwa penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol-LDL pada kelompok subyek yang menerima konseling khusus dan susu yang mengandung fitosterol 1,2 g/hari selama 6 minggu secara bermakna lebih besar dibanding dengan kelompok subyek yang menerima konseling khusus saja.

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AbstractOne of the most important risk factors for CHD is dyslipidemia, among others hypercholesterolemia or high LDL-cholesterol. Plant-sterols or phytosterols (PS) are among dietary factors known to lower blood cholesterol as part of therapeutic life-style changes diet. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of PS properly solubilized in a-partly vegetable oil-filled low fat milk, on serum lipid levels in mild-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects. Randomized, two-arm parallel control group trial was conducted at Department of Nutrition-University of Indonesia in Jakarta from June to November 2006. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive dietary life-style changes counseling plus 1.2 g phytosterol/day in low-fat milk (PS-group) or control group receiving the counseling alone for six weeks period. There were no significant changes of serum total and LDL-cholesterol of control group after a six week of dietary counseling (respectively 218.3 ± 18.6 mg/dL to 219.6 ± 24.3 mg/dL and 164.7±21.8 mg/dL to 160.0±26.4 mg/dL). There were a significant decreases of serum total and LDL-cholesterol (respectively p=0.01 and p=0.004) among subjects receiving PS after a six weeks observation period (respectively 233.5±24.6 mg/dL to 211.2±30.3 mg/dL and 176.9±24.7 mg/dL to 154.5±24.3 mg/dL). There was a significant difference in the LDL-lowering effects (p=0.024) among the PS-group after a six weeks (22.4±27.9 mg/dL) as compared to the control group (4.7±17.2 mg/dL). No significant changes were found on serum HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both groups. Although there was no significant difference found in daily nutrients intake between the-2 groups, however, significant reductions in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference were found only in the PS group (p=0.000; 0.000; 0.003, respectively). It is concluded that the lowering of total and LDL-cholesterol in those receiving life-style changes counseling plus 1.2 g PS daily for six weeks was significantly higher as compared to those of receiving counseling alone. "

"Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko mayor penyakit jantung koroner. Modifikasi diet saat ini telah terbukti bermanfaat sebagai terapi inisial dalam penatalaksanaan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian double blind contolled studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas "soluble fiber" (serat larut) sebagai terapi tambahan diet rendah kalori pada populasi Indonesia dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Pasien pria/wanita dengan kadar kolesterol 200-300mg% dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah 1 minggu periode adaptasi, pasien dirandomisasi untuk dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok terapi (soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari) atau kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 minggu dengan tetap melanjutkan terapi diet.Hasil : Kadar kolesterol total turun 5.59% pada kelompok terapi sedangkan penurunan pada kelompok kontrol hanya 0.6% (p < 0.05). Kolesterol LDL pada kelompok terapi turun sebesar 4.22% pada kelompok terapi. Sementara pada kelompok kontrol justru meningkat sebesar 2.58% (p< 0.05). Terdapat pula penurunan kadar kolesterol HDL dalam 8 minggu (16% vs 8%) (p = 0.005). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada indikator-indikator lain di antara kedua kelompok.Kesimpulan : Pemberian soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan kolesterol HDL pada pria dan wanita dengan hiperkolesterolemia primer. Tidak terdapat perubahan kadar glukosa maupun elektrolit akibat konsumsi soluble fiber.

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Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. It has been proven that nutrition management is the initial therapeutic approach in hypercholesterolemic cases. This double blind controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of "soluble fiber" as an adjunct to low energy Indonesian diet in the treatment of persons with hypercholesterolemia. Male and female with hypercholesterolemia were recruited. After run in period for one week (dietary adaptation phase), eligible subjects with serum cholesterol concentrations between 200 mg% and 300 mg% were randomly assigned to receive either 8.4 g/day ?soluble fiber? or a cellulose placebo for 8 wk while continuing diet therapy.

Results: Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were decreased 5.59 % and 4.22 %. Serum total in the placebo group were decreased 0.60 %, and LDL-cholesterol were increased 2.58 % after eight wk (P < 0.05). Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: Treatment with 8.4 g "soluble fiber" per day produces significant net reductions in serum total (5,59%) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (4,22%), but also reduced HDL Cholesterol level significantly in male and female with primary hypercholesterolemia."

"Asam gelugur atau Garcinia atroviridis mengandung bahan aktif flavonoid dan asam hidroksisitrat yang dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas hipolipidemik Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak kulit dan buah G atroviridis terhadap kadar kolesterol total darah pada tikus galur Wistar yang diberi asupan tinggi lemak Dua puluh lima ekor tikus galur Wistar betina dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakukan secara acak Dua kelompok pertama adalah kelompok kontrol dan kelompok percobaan induksi peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dengan pemberian asupan lemak berlebih selama 21 hari Tiga kelompok lainnya adalah kelompok uji dosis yaitu tikus diberikan tambahan asupan tinggi lemak selama 21 hari pertama Kemudian 21 hari berikutnya tikus diberikan asupan ekstrak G atroviridis sambil mempertahankan asupan tinggi lemak Setelah perlakuan selesai sampel darah tikus diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol totalnya Kemudian dilakukan uji statistik terhadap hasil yang didapat Kadar kolesterol total kelompok uji dosis 20 mg lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok uji dosis 10 mg dan 30 mg Sedangkan kelompok uji dosis 10 mg tidak berbeda bermakna terhadap kelompok uji dosis 30 mg Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asupan G atroviridis dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total darah Peningkatan dosis ekstrak tidak selalu meningkatkan efektivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol total.

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Asam gelugur or Garcinia atroviridis contains active ingredients such as flavonoids and hydroxycitric acid which have been reported to have a hypolipidemic activity This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of G atroviridis fruit and skin extract on total cholesterol level of rats fed a high fat diet Twenty five female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups The first two groups are the control group and hyperlipidemia induction group fed with high fat diet for 21 days The rest three groups are dose trials in which rats were fed with high fat diet for the first 21 days And for the next 21 days rats were given G atroviridis extract in three different doses which were 10 mg 20 mg and 30 mg while maintaining high fat diet After all the interventions were done blood samples were obtained for laboratory analysis The results are processed using Post Hoc test Total cholesterol of G atroviridis extract 20 mg dose trial group showed significantly lower results compared with 10 mg dan 30 mg dose group However results from 10 mg dose group are not significantly different compared with 30 mg dose group This study has shown that dietary intake of G atroviridis may decrease total cholesterol level Increased dose of G atroviridis extract does not guarantee an increase in effectiveness of decreasing total cholesterol level."

"Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya pengaruh pemberian jus bayam 100 gram per hari selama empat minggu berturut-turut terhadap kadar NOx serum dan tekanan darah pada laki-laki dewasa muda. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis paralel, membandingkan 17 orang kelompok yang mendapat jus bayam disertai penyuluhan gizi (P) dengan 17 orang kclompok yang hanya mendapat penyuluhan gizi saja (K). Sebanyak 34 mahasiswa taki-lakt semester dua Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara randomisasi blok. Data yang diambil meliputi usia. aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, asupan energi, natrium, dan nitrat anorganik dengan food recal/2 x 24 jam dan food recoNi, Pemeriksaan kadar nitrit, nitrat, dan NOx serum serta tekanan darah dilakukan pada awal dan akhir pcr!akuan. Anal isis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Sebanyak 17 orang kclompok P dan 16 orang kelompok K dengan median usia 18 (17~ 19) tahun yang mengikuti penelitian secara lengkap. Indeks aktivitas tisik subyek kedua kelompok termasuk rendah. Data awal tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p>Q,05). Setelah empat minggu perlakuan, didapatkan persentase as11pan energi dibandingkan kebutuhan energi total termasuk kategori cukup pada kedua kelompok {8:4,93± 10,lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi 2004 (1083.00 {834,84-1797,50) mg/hari vs 923,95 (676,20-2494,05) mg/hari. Asupan nimH anorganik lebih tinggl pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (130,33 (107,28-195,85) mglhari vs 30,79 (9,47- 118,38) mg/hari. Pada kedua kelompok didapatkan peningkatan kadar nitrit, nitrat dan NO,. serum yang tebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna (p->0,05). Tidak didapatkan penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik yang bemakna pada kelompok perlakuan (p>O,OS). Pemberian 1 00 gram jus bayam selama empat minggu berturut-turut tidak didapatkan peningkatan kadar nitrat, nltrit, dan NO,. serum sejak penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolk pada kelompok perlakuan.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of 100 gram per day spinach juice during four weeks on serum NO level and blood pressure in young adult male. The study was a parallel! randomized clinical trial Thirty four subjects of second semester male student Medical faculty of Udayana University were selected using certain criteria. The randomly (block randomization) thirty four subject were divided into two group. The treatment group {nc-·cJ7) received spinach juice and nutrition counseling; the control group (n"" 17) received nutrition counseling alone. Data collected included age, physical activity, body mass index, intake of energy, sodium, and inorganic nitrate using 2 x 24 hours food recall and food record. Laboratory findings {semm nitrite, nitrate, and NO.; levels) and blood pressure examination were done before and after intervention, For statistical analysis, unpaired Hest and Mann Whitney were used with the level of significance was 5%. Seventeen subjects in the treatment group and sixteen subjects in the control group completed the study and analyzed. Median of age were 18 (l7-19) years old. The physical activity index in both groups were low. The characteristic of the two groups were closely matched pH base line (p>0,05). After four weeks intervention, all subjects consumed energy achieved the recommended diet with an average of 84.93± 10,60 % in the treatment group and 88,19±5,47 % in the control group. The average intake of sodium in both groups were lower than Indonesian recommended dietary allowance 2004 (I 083,00 (834,84-1797,50) mg/day vs 923,95 (676,20-2494,05) mg/day). The average intake of inorganic nitrate in the treatment group increased significantly than in the control group (130,33 (107,28-195,85) mg/day vs. 30.79 (9,47-118,38) mg/day), 1n conclusion, there were increase in serum nitrite, nitrate and NOll levels which were higher in the treatment group, although not statistically significant (p>O,OS). There were also no significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group (p>0,05). In conclusions, the effects of lOO gram per day spinach juice during four weeks did not increase serum nitrite, nitrate and NOx level and also were not decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group. "

"Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya kolerasi antara IMT dan kadar kolesterol LDL serum pada subyek dengan hiperkolesterolemia Penelitian ini menggunakan disain pre post test, pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia yang mernenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan tidak memenuhi kriteria penolakan, Serta telah mengikuti penelitian yang telah diselenggarakan di Departernen Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia satu tahun lalu yang beijudul ?Pengaruh Pemberian Fitosterol dan Serat terhadap Profil Lipid dan [3 Karoten pada usia 20 tahun atau lebih?. Data yang diambil meliputi, karaktcristik demografi, asupan makanan., aktivitas fisik, IMT, dan kadar kolesterol LDL serum. Jumlah subyek adalah 38 orang berusia rata-rata 43,26 ;l: 8,08 tahun dan 68,42% subyek adalah perempuan dan 44,'74% berpendidikan tinggi.Rerata pola asupan: pola asupan kalori 1388,ll i- 274,08 kkal; pola asupan 1-carbohidrat 166,13 =I= 41,39 g, pola asupan lcmak 61,76 i 17,76 g; pola asupan kolestcrol 169,31 i 71,83 mg dan pola asupan serat 7,5 i 2,22 g; Rerata asupan: asupan kalori l4l3,07 i 482,71 kkal atau 77,30 i 28,00% KKT; asupan karbohidrat 182,01 J; 67,87 g atau 34,93 4: l0,34% KKT; asupan lernak 51,58 i 26,36 g atau 17,15 3; 8,64% KKT; asupan kolesterol 145,86 i 120,44 mg dan asupan serat 16,82 t 11,38 g. Rerata Indeks aktivitas fisik 8,05 i 1,12 dan 100% subyek penelitian memiliki aktivitas tergolong scdang dan tinggi. Rerata IMT 26,84 i 4,84 kg/m2 dengan 89,5% tergolong obes sekarang. Rerata kadar kolesterol LDL 160,24 4; 27,06 mg/dL dengan 4'/,37% memiliki kadar kolesterol LDL tinggi dan sangat tinggi sekarang. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara IMT dan kadar kolesterol LDL serum.

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To determine the correlation of BMI and LDL Cholesterol Serum in hypercholesterolemia subject Research with pre post rest design in hypercholesterolernia subject that fulfill the inclusion criteria and not in exclusion criteria, and has joined last year research executed by Department of Nutrition of Medical Faculty, University of Indonesia with title ? The Effect of Phytosterol and Fibre toward Lipid Profile and [3 Karoten at the age of 20 years old or upper ?. Data taken include demographic characteristic, nutrition intake, physical activity, BMI, and LDL cholesterol scrum level. Number of subject is 38 people within average of 43,26 i 8,08 years old, 68,42% are women and 44,74% are graduated.The average intake pattern : calory intake l388,ll i 274,08 kkal; carbohydrate intake 166,13 i 41,39 g, fat intake 61,76 i 17,76 g; cholesterol intake 169,31 i 71,83 mg and fibre intake 7,5 1 2,22 g. Intake average 1 calory intake 1413,ov e 422,71 mal or 77,30 1 28,00% KKT; carbohydrate intake 182,01 :te 67,87 g or 34,93 :iz l0,34% KKT; fat intake 51,58 i 26,36 g or 17,15 :t 8,64% KKT; cholesterol intake l45,86 i 120,44 mg and fibre intake 16,82 i 11,38 g. Average of the physical activity index 8,05 i 1,12 and l00%. Research subject have middle and high activities. Average BMI 26,84 i 4,84 kg/m2 with 89,5% in obese. The average of LDL cholesterol serum 160,24 i 27,06 mg/dL with 47,37% have high and highest LDL cholesterol level. There is no correlation between BMI and LDL cholesterol serum."

"Penelitian ini mempelajari hubungan skinfoid thickness (penjumlahan biceps, triceps, subscapular, dan suprailiac)/RLPP/IMT dengan kolesterol serum pada orang dewasa. Variabel lain yang dianggap sebagai konfounder meliputi karakteristik responden yaitu : jenis kelamin, umur, indeks aktifitas, suku bangsa dan kebiasaan merokok. Analisis menggunakan data sekunder hasil Survei Gizi dan Kesehatan Pada Orang Dewasa (Kerjasama Direktorat BGM Depkes RI dan FKM-UI, Juni 1996) di 6 kota yaitu : Medan, Padang, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Denpasar dan Ujungpandang.Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional . Pemilihan responden (sampel) menggunakan rancangan klaster dua tahap, yaitu : (1) Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) untuk memilih klaster, (2) Simple Random Sampling (SRS) untuk memilih rumah tangga (responden). Jumlah reponden yang diikutkan dalam analisis sebanyak 493 orang (laki-laki =170, perempuan = 323). Jumlah reponden ini merupakan sub-sampel dari penelitian Direktorat BGM Depkes RI bekerjasama dengan FKM-UI. Untuk membangun model prediksi kolesterol serum dengan penilaian status gizi digunakan analisis regresi berganda (multiple regression analysis). Pada proses pemodelan digunakan tehnik backward elimination procedure.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya korelasi positif antara kolesterol dengan skinfold , kolesterol dengan umur, dan kolesterol dengan suku bangsa (p<0.01). Sebaliknya antara kolesterol dengan aktifitas terdapat korelasi negatif (p< 0.15). Sedangkan hubungan antara kolesterol dengan RLPP dan kolesterol dengan IMT tidak bermakna pada p< 0.05, tetapi bermakna pada p< 0.15, Rata-rata umur , indeks aktifitas dan RLPP (Rasio Lingkar Pinggang dan Pinggul) pada laki-laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perempuan (p<0.01). Sebaliknya rata-rata skinfold thickness, IMT (p<0,01) dan kolesterol (p0.05) pada perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki. Dengan pertimbangan substansi, jenis kelarnin dimasukkan ke dalam model walaupun nilai p jenis kelamin di dalam model lebih besar dari 0.05.Dari hasil pemodelan, terpilih model terbaik dengan persamaan regresi :Kolesterol Serum = 153.58 + 0.36 Skinfold + 0.34 Umur -1.46 Sex (laki-laki) - 48.71 Aktifitas (bcrat) + 27.84 Suku. Model dapat menduga kadar kolesterol orang dewasa (urnur ~ 18 tahun) dengan kemampuan R2 = 12.63 %. Pada model terlihat bahwa kebiasaan merokok tidak memberi kontribusi terhadap model (p> 0.05). Sedangkan model yang dibangun berdasarkan RLPP maupun EMT mempunyai p> 0.05 sehingga kedua persamaan yang ada menjadi gugur.Dari sudut kesehatan masyarakat, sebagai deteksi dini kadar kolesterol penggunaan ukuran skinfold thickness ini walaupun belum sensitif namun sebagai langkah awal perlu diperkenalkan dimasyarakat sesuai dengan kemampuan dan kepentingan yang ada. Selanjutnya perlu dilakukan validasi dengan parameter lain sebagai gold standard dan penambahan vaiiabel lain yang dianggap berhubungan.

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Prediction Model of Serum Cholesterol based on Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status (Skinfold Thickness, Waist Hip Ratio and Body Mass Index) Among Adults in Six Cities in Indonesia .The relationship between anthropometric measurement (skinfold thickness, WHR and BMI) and serum cholesterol contain among adult was explored in this study. The other variables assumed as confounder including respondent, namely: sex, age, activity index, ethnic, and smoking habitual. The analysis use secondary data from Health and Nutrition Survey Among Adult (collaboration of Nutrition Directorate -Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and The Faculty of Public Health - University of Indonesia, June 1996) in 6 cities: Medan, Padang, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Denpasar and Ujungpandang.

The study design was cross sectional. The sampling method use two stages cluster design, they are : (1) probability proportionate to size (PPS) for choose the cluster; and (2) simple random sampling (SRS) for choose the household (respondent). The number of respondents involved in the analysis were 493 (170 males and 323 females), which were sub samples survey of Nutrition Directorate - Ministry of Health. To build prediction model of serum cholesterol with nutritional status assessment was used multiple regression analysis. Backward elimination procedure was used for model processing.

The study result indicated there was positive correlation between cholesterol and skinfold, cholesterol and age, and cholesterol and ethnic (p < 0.01). The relationship between cholesterol and activity indicated negative correlation ( p < 0.15). Meanwhile the relationship between cholesterol and WHR, cholesterol and BMI indicated no significant result on p < 0.05, but there were significant on p < 0.15. The average of age, activity index and WHRon males were higher than females (p < 0.01). On the contrary, average of skinfold thickness, BMI (p < 0.01) and cholesterol (p > 0.05) on females were higher than males. By substancial consideration, sex was included in the model eventhough p value of sex in the model was higher than 0.05,

Throughout the modelling, the best fit model in regression equation was :

Kolesterol = 153.58 + 036 Skinfo!d + 0.34 Age -1.46 Sex (male) - 48.71 Activity (heavy) + 27.84 Ethnic, the model could predict cholesterol among adult (age > 18 years) with R2 (coefficient of determination) is 12.63%. Smoking habitual not contribute to the model (p > 0.05). Meanwhile model which was built based on both of WHR and BMI had p > 0.05, so the two equations were failed.

By the public health aspect, as early detection of serum cholesterol, the usage of the measurement of skinfold thickness.need to be published and practiced on public user level, according to owned capability and interest priority_ Finally, validation with other parameter should be conducted as a golden standard assumed complete."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai hipertensi pada supir bus AKAP di Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, dan Banten tahun 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian hipertensi, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan, serta dan faktor dominan darikejadian hipertensi dikalangan supir bus AKAP. Faktorfaktor tersebut mencakup faktor yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi maupun yang dapat dimodifikasi. Faktor yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi adalah umur dan riwayat penyakit hipertensi dalam keluarga. Sementara, faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi yaitu kegemukan, olahraga, merokok, profil lipid, konsumsi alkohol, dan pola makan. Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah suatu gangguan pembuluh darah yang mengakibatkan suplai oksigen dan nutrisi yang dibawa oleh darah terhambat sampai ke jaringan tubuh yang membutuhkannya. Penelitan dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang (cross sectional) . Penelitian ini selama bulan April-Juli 2014. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 310 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 31,9% supir bus AKAP mengalami hipertensi. Maka terdapat hubungan antara umur, kadar kolesterol total, kadar trigliserida, IMT, persen lemak perut, persen lemak tubuh, konsumsi alkohol, dan konsumsi buah. Hasil analisis multivariat, umur, kolesterol total, trigliserida, konsumsi alkohol masuk dalam model akhir multivariat, dimana konsumsi alkohol sebagai faktor dominan protektif terhadap hipertensi. Konsumsi alkohol dalam jumlah sedang dapat meningkatkan HDL yang mengurangi resiko hipertensi.

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This thesis discusses the hypertension in AKAP bus drivers in West Java, Jakarta and Banten in 2013. Purpose of this study is to describe the incidence of hypertension, associated factors, and the dominant factors of hypertension among AKAP bus drivers. These factors include factors that are not modifiable and modifiable. Factors that can not be modified are age and family history of hypertension. Meanwhile, factors that can be modified, namely obesity, exercise, smoking, lipid profile, alcohol consumption, and diet. Hypertension or high blood pressure is a blood vessel disorder that results in the supply of oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood to the inhibited tissues that need it. Research conducted by the quantitative cross-sectional design (cross-sectional). This research during the month of April to July 2014. Samples in this study amounted to 310 people.The results showed 31.9% had hypertension AKAP bus driver. So there is a relationship between age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, percent abdominal fat, percent body fat, alcohol consumption, and the consumption of fruit. Results of multivariate analysis, age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alcohol consumption included in the final multivariate models, where the consumption of alcohol as a dominant protective factor against hypertension. Moderate alcohol consumption may increase HDL reduces the risk of hypertension."

"The effects of dietary food fortified with vitamin B4 on lipid profiles in serum and liver tissue were studied. Rats were paired-fed a 0.25% vitamin B4 diet or a diet without vitamin B4 for 10 days. Serum lipid levels were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined. A piece of liver was prepared to determine the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid β-oxidation. The results showed that animals fed a food fortified with vitamin B4 had higher level of serum TG, PL, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein. Their increases were approximately by 74%, 20%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. The significant changes in liver lipid were only found in PL component. This treatment promoted FAS activity, but impaired the fatty acid β-oxidation. In conclusion: Dietary food fortified with vitamin B4 induces hypertriglyceridemia and liver PL level."

"Penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya pengarub pemberian jus anggur 300 gram per hari selama dua minggu terhadap kadar NO serum laki-laki dan perempuan dengan kadar kolesterol total batas tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuab field trial, membandingkan Ul subyek dalam kelompok yang mendapatkan jus anggur disertai penyuluhan TIC (P) dengan 17 subyek dalam kelompok yang hanya mendapatkan penyuluhan 1LC (K). Subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi sederhana. Data yang diambil melipoti usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat hiperkolesterolemia dalam keluarga, akrivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan energi, lernak, kolesterol, serat, dan polifenol dengan food record. Pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total dan NO serum dilekukan di awal dan ekhir perlekuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann Whitney dengan batas kernaknaan 5%. Sebanyak 18 subyek pada kelompok P dan 14 subyek pada kelompok K, dengan rerata usia 35,57±5,20 tahun mengikuti penelitian secara lengkap. Indeks akrivitas fisik subyek kedua ke!ompok termasuk di bawah rata-rata. Data awal tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p>O,OS). Setelah dua minggu perlakuan, didapatkan persentase asupan energi terbadap kebutuhan energi total termasuk kategori cukup pada kelompok perlakuan dan kurang pada kontrol. Asupan lemak total dan kolesterol kadua kelompok adalah tergolong cukup. Asupan serat tergolong kurang. Terdapat perbadaan bermakna asupan polifenol pada kedua kelompok selama perlakuan (p<0,05). Terdapat peningkatan kadar NO serum sesudab perlekuan pada kedua kelompok yang tidak berbeda bermakna (p>O,OS), bahkan terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol total serum pada kedua kelompok sesudah perlekuan meskipun tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05) dan masih dalam kategori batas tinggi. Pemberian jus anggur 300 gram per han tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna peningkatan kadar NO serum antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grape juice (that made from 300 grams of grapes per day) during two weeks on serum NO level in male and female subjects with borderline high total cholesterol level. The study was a field trial Thirty five subjects were selected using certain criteria and randomly (simple randomization) divided into two groups. The treatment group (n=18) received grape juice and nutrition counseling; the control group (n=l7) received nutrition counseling. Data obtained directly from the subjects were age, gender, history of hypercholesterolemia in .subject's family, physical activity, and body mass index, intake of energy, fat, cholesterol~ fiber and polyphenol using food record. Laboratory findings of serum NO level and total cholesterol level were done before and after intervention. For statistical analysis, unpaired t-test and Mann Whitney were used with the level of significance was S%. Eighteen subjects in the treatment group and fourteen subjects in the control group completed the study and analyzed. Mean of age was 35.57±5.20 years old. The physical activity index of bath groups were low. The characteristics of the two groups were closely matched at base line (p>O.OS). After two weeks intervention, subjects? energy consumed in the treatment group achieved the recommended diet, while in the control group was below. The average intake of total fat and cholesterol in both groups achieved the recommended diet, but the fiber intake were below. The average intake of polyphenol in the treatment group was increased significantly than the control group (pQ.05). There were decreased on serum total cholesterol level in bath groups, although not statistically significant (p>O.OS). The effect of gyape juice for two weeks did not significantly increase serum NO level in the treatment group."