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"Latar belakang: Walaupun etiologi autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) belum diketahui dengan jelas, berbagai jenis terapi telah ditawarkan. Salah satu terapi yang paling popular adalah diet bebas glutein dan casein (Gluten Free and Casein Free - GFCF).Metode: Dilakukan pencarian literatur secara terstruktur melalui internet pada Pubmed dan Cochrane library. Judul dan abstrak sitasi yang ditemukan kemudian ditapis berdasarkan kriteria seleksi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Critical appraisal dilaksanakan berdasarkan kriteria standar mengenai relevansi, validitas, dan levels of evidence.Hasil: Berdasarkan relevansinya, hanya empat dari dua belas artikel yang bisa digunakan. Satu berupa systematic review dan tiga randomized controlled trial (RCT). Ditemukan beberapa masalah pada metodologi yang bisa menimbulkan risiko over-estimasi pada efek seperti teknik randomisasi yang kurang baik dan drop-out selektif. Jumlah subjek yang kecil dan waktu intervensi yang pendek juga bisa menimbulkan risiko under-estimasi. Perbaikan minimal maupun sedang ditemukan pada beberapa luaran yang diukur seperti gejala autistik secara keseluruhan, isolasi sosial, serta kemampuan dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi. Perbedaan yang tidak bermakna juga ditemukan pada beberapa luaran seperti perilaku individu serta fungsi kognitif dan motorik.Kesimpulan: Penelitian yang ada saat ini belum dapat memberikan bukti yang cukup kuat dan terpercaya untuk menyarankan penggunaan diet GFCFs sebagai terapi pada pasien autisme. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:114-8).

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AbstractBackground: Even though the etiology of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been clearly known, various types of therapies have been offered. One of the most popular therapies is Gluten Free and Casein Free Diet â?? GFCF diet.Methods: A structured internet literature search was conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane library. Titles and abstracts were screened using predetermined selection criteria. Critical appraisal was conducted based on standard criteria for relevance, validity, and levels of evidence.Results: Based on relevance, only four out of twelve selected articles can be used; one is a systematic review and three randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Several methodological problems which could lead to over-estimation of the effect were found in the studies including poor randomization and selective drop-out. Risk of under-estimation of report due to small number of participants and in-adequate duration of intervention was also found. Small to moderate improvement were found in some outcome measured including overall autistic traits, social isolation, and the ability in communication and interaction. However, insignifi cant differences also found in some area such as individualâ??s behavior, cognitive and motor function.Conclusion: Available studies fail to provide suffi ciently credible and strong evidence to recommend the practice of GFCF diet in treating autism. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:114-8)"

"For years, Elisabeth Hasselbeck couldn't figure out what was making her sick. She asked doctors and consulted nutritionists, but no one seemed to have any answers. It wasn't until spending time in the Australian Outback, living off the land on the grueling Survivor TV show, that, ironically, her symptoms vanished. Returning home, she pinpointed the food that made her sick -- gluten, the binding element in wheat. By simply eliminating it from her diet, she was able to enjoy a completely normal, healthy life. But that wasn't all. Hasselbeck discovered the myriad benefits that anyone can enjoy from a gluten-free diet: from weight loss and increased energy to even the alleviation of the conditions of autism.In this all-inclusive book, Hasselbeck shares her hard-earned wisdom on living life without gluten and loving it. She gives you everything you need to know to start living a gluten-free life, from defining gluten - where to find it, how to read food labels - to targeting gluten-free products, creating G-Free shopping lists, sharing recipes, and managing G-Free living with family and friends."

"Pati jagung menjadi salah satu alternatif pengganti tepung terigu untuk para penderita seliak, hal ini karena secara alami tidak mengandung gluten di dalamnya, sehingga aman untuk dikonsumsi. Namun, jika pengonsumsian pati jagung secara terus menerus dan dalam jangka waktu yang panjang, maka akan berakibat fatal untuk kesehatan. Hal ini karena melimpahnya kandungan pati yang mudah dicerna. Sehingga, perlu dilakukan modifikasi untuk menghasilkan pati resisten yang sulit dicerna. Modifikasi pati dilakukan melalui heat moisture treatment (HMT) dengan variasi kadar air. Keberhasilan modifikasi ditinjau dari karakteristik fisika dan kimia dimana berhasil menurunkan nilai swelling power, daya cerna, dan viskositas. Selain itu, pada pati modifikasi melalui HMT terlihat bulatan pada pati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya yang menandakan hilangnya birefringence dalam pati. Pati modifikasi ini kemudian disubtitusikan ke dalam campuran roti bebas gluten yang ditambahkan beberapa jenis hidrokoloid, seperti xanthan gum, guar gum, dan k-carrageenan dalam variasi rasio 0,5%, 1%, dan 2%. Dihasilkan produk roti bebas gluten yang rendah kalori dengan hasil yang disukai konsumen adalah roti CS-GG 2%. Sedangkan, roti yang memiliki nilai daya cerna terendah adalah roti CS-KG 2%.

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Corn starch is an alternative to wheat flour for celiac sufferers because it naturally does not contain gluten, so it is safe for consumption. However, consuming corn starch continuously and for a long time will be fatal to your health. This is due to the abundance of easily digestible starch. So it needs to be modified to produce resistant starch that is difficult to digest. The starch modification was carried out through heat moisture treatment (HMT) with variations in moisture content. The basic principle of modification in terms of physical and chemical characteristics succeeded in reducing the values of swelling power, digestibility, and viscosity. In addition, the modification of starch through HMT showed spheres in the starch using a light microscope, indicating a loss of birefringence. This modified starch was then substituted into the gluten-free bread mixture, which was added to several types of hydrocolloids, such as xanthan gum, guar gum, and k-carrageenan, in various ratios of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Gluten-free bread products that are low in calories with good results are 2% CS-GG bread. Meanwhile, the bread that had the lowest digestibility value was 2% CS-KG bread."

"Beras merupakan sumber pati yang mudah didapatkan, tidak mengandung gluten (gluten-free), dan dapat diolah menjadi tepung yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan mie. Pati dalam bentuk alaminya memiliki beberapa kelemahan antara lain, tidak tahan terhadap pemanasan, kelarutan dan daya cerna pati yang tinggi. Perlu dilakukan modifikasi pati untuk menghasilkan pati dengan daya cerna yang lebih rendah dan dengan sifat fungsional yang lebih baik. Pada penelitian ini berhasil dilakukan modifikasi pati melalui metode ikat silang menggunakan agen pengikat silang natrium trimetafosfat (STMP) terhadap tepung beras sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan mie bebas gluten, dan diamati pengaruh modifikasi tersebut terhadap swelling power, kelarutan, dan daya cerna pati serta daya cerna mie beras. Karakterisasi dengan FTIR pada pati hasil modifikasi menunjukkan terbentuknya ikatan silang pati dengan STMP dengan munculnya puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 1297 cm-1 dan 1019 cm-1 yang merupakan serapan dari ikatan P=O dan P-O-C. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan terhadap swelling power, kelarutan, dan daya cerna pati. Pati beras modifikasi mengalami penurunan daya cerna relatif hingga 20,67%. Pembuatan mie berbahan pati beras modifikasi berhasil dilakukan. Diperoleh mie beras berbahan pati modifikasi memiliki daya cerna yang menurun dibandingkan dengan mie beras kontrol yang terbuat dari pati beras tanpa modifikasi.

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Rice is a source of starch that is easily available, does not contain gluten (gluten-free), and can be processed into flour, which can be used as a basic ingredient for making noodles. Starch in its natural form has several weaknesses, including heat resistance, high solubility and digestibility. It is necessary to modify starch to produce starch with lower digestibility and better functional properties. In this study, starch modification was successfully carried out through the crosslinking method using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as a crosslinking agent on rice flour as a basic ingredient for making gluten-free noodles, and the effect of this modification was observed on swelling power, solubility, and starch digestibility as well as rice noodles digestibility. Characterization with FTIR on modified starch showed the formation of starch cross links with STMP with the appearance of absorption peaks at wave numbers 1297 cm-1 and 1019 cm-1 which were absorptions from P=O and P-O-C bonds. The test results showed a decrease in the swelling power, solubility, and digestibility of starch. Modified rice starch decreased relative digestibility up to 20.67%. The manufacture of noodles made from modified rice starch was successfully carried out. It was found that rice noodles made from modified starch had decreased digestibility compared to control rice noodles made from unmodified rice starch."

"Cookies merupakan makanan ringan yang cukup digemari di Indonesia. Cookies konvensional yang beredar di masyarakat didominasi oleh penggunaan produk gluten, hewani dan gula sederhana. Hal ini mengakitbatkan cookies tidak dapat dikonsumsi oleh sebagian kalangan yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam mengonsumsi produk tersebut dan jika dikonsumsi secara berlebihan dapat menjadi salah satu faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular seperti diabetes tipe II. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menciptakan cookies yang bebas dari produk gluten, hewani dan gula sederhana sehingga masyarakat yang memiliki keterbatasan terhadap produk tersebut dapat mengonsumsi cookies yang sama enaknya dengan cookies yang beredar. Skripsi ini menguji tingkat kesukaan masyarakat terhadap cookies dengan metode uji sensori dan menghitung nilai gizi dari cookies yang dibuat. Perbandingan selai kacang dan biji chia yang digunakan dalam formula cookies bebas produk gluten, hewani dan gula sederhana adalah R1 15:30, R2 20:20, R3 25:10, selain itu terdapat R4 sebagai cookies kontrol yang dibuat seperti cookies konvensional yang beredar di masyarakat dengan perbandingan selai kacang dan biji chia sebesar 11:0. Uji sensori cookies mendapatkan hasil R1, R2, R3, R4 secara berturut-turut adalah 3,91; 3,76; 3,55; 4,16 berbanding dengan skor maksimal 5 yang berarti R1 merupakan cookies terpilih setelah R4 yang merupakan cookies kontrol. Hasil perhitungan gizi dari bahan mentah menunjukkan R4 memiliki total energi 1344 kkal, lemak 97,04 g dan karbohidrat 95,31 g/100 g cookies yang merupakan nilai yang paling tinggi sedangkan protein yang paling tinggi dimiliki oleh R1 sebesar 39,25 g/100 g cookies. Analisis biaya harga produksi per- kemasan/30g cookies selai kacang dan biji chia R1, R2, R3, dan R4 secara berurutan adalah sebesar Rp 3.006; Rp 3.261; Rp 3.756; Rp 8.335. Hal ini menunjukkan R1 memiliki harga produksi yang paling terjangkau dibandingkan resep yang lain.

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Cookies are snacks which are quite popular in Indonesia. Conventional cookies circulating in the market are dominantly using gluten, animal products, and simple sugar as ingredients. This causes the cookies cannot be consumed by those who have limitations on these products and if consumed excessively will become one of the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases, namely type II diabetes. The purpose of this study is to create cookies which are free of gluten, animal products, and simple sugars so those who have limitations on these products can consume cookies that are as delicious as any other cookie out there. This thesis examines the public’s level of preference for these cookies using sensoric test and calculates the nutritional value of the cookies tested. The ratio of peanut butter and chia seeds used in the gluten-, animal-, and simple sugar-free cookies’ formula are as follows: R1 15:30, R2 20:20, R3 25:10 and R4 is controlling formula made similar to conventional cookies circulating in public with ratio of peanut butter and chia seeds 11:0. Results of the hedonic test for R1, R2, R3, R4 are 3,91; 3,76; 3,55; 4,16, respectively with the maximum score of 5, which mean R1 is the formula chosen after R4 which is a control. The nutritional value of 100g R4 cookies are: 1344kcal of macronutrient, 97,04g of fat, and 95,31g of carbohydrate, which have the highest value, while the highest protein value is in R1 cookies that has 39,25g of protein in 100g cookies. Production cost analysis for a pack/30g of peanut butter and chia seed cookies R1, R2, R3 and R4 are Rp3.006; Rp3.261; Rp3.756; and Rp8.335 respectively. It shows that R1 has the most affordable production cost compared to other formulas."