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"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang Dinoflagellata Epifitik pada Lamun Enhalus acoroides di rataan terumbu Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu pada Bulan April 2012. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengoleksi daun lamun Enhalus acoroides dari rataan terumbu, kemudian dilakukan pengocokan dan penyaringan dengan saringan bertingkat (125µm dan 20µm). Dinoflagellata epifitik yang ditemukan berjumlah 8 jenis, yaitu Gambierdiscus toxicus, Ostreopsis lenticularis, O. ovata, O. siamensis, Prorocentrum concavum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, dan P. rhathymum. Enam dari jenis yang ditemukan merupakan Dinoflagellata epifitik yang berpotensi menyebabkan ciguatera. Kepadatan tertinggi Dinoflagellata epifitik terdapat pada stasiun 8 (577 sel/cm2) yang terletak pada bagian selatan pulau, sedangkan kepadatan terendah terdapat pada stasiun 1 (22 sel/cm2) yang terletak pada bagian barat pulau. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Spearman, parameter lingkungan perairan yang memengaruhi kepadatan Dinoflagellata epifitik saat penelitian adalah kecepatan arus dan oksigen terlarut (DO).

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Research on epiphytic Dinoflagellates on seagrass Enhalus acoroides had already conducted in Pari Island waters, Seribu Islands on April 2012. Research was carried out by collecting Enhalus acoroides leaves, which were shaken vigorously and the seawater filtered through a series of sieves (125µm and 20µm). Eight epiphytic Dinoflagellates were found, they were Gambierdiscus toxicus, Ostreopsis lenticularis, O. ovata, O. siamensis, Prorocentrum concavum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, and P. rhathymum. Six of the spesies found were epiphytic Dinoflagellates that potentially caused ciguatera. The highest density value of epiphytic Dinoflagellates was found at station 8 (577 sel/cm2) which located on the southern part of island and the lowest was at station 1 (22 sel/cm2) which located on the western part of island. Based on Spearman corellation test, the environmental factors which influenced the abundance of epiphytic Dinoflagellates at sampling time were current velocity and dissolved oxygen (DO)."

"Dinoflagellata epifitik yang hidup pada lamun Thalassia hemprichii berpotensi menyebabkan Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) melalui produksi ciguatoxin atau asosiasi dengan dinoflagellata penghasilnya. Lamun Thalassia hemprichii memiliki kelimpahan tinggi di perairan Pulau Pramuka. Penelitian mengenai kelimpahan dinoflagellata epifitik pada lamun Thalassia hemprichii beserta hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan dilakukan di empat sisi perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Sampel lamun Thalassia hemprichii dari keempat sisi pulau diambil secara purposive random sampling ke dalam botol, dikocok kuat selama beberapa menit, dan biofilm pada daun dikerik. Daun lamun dipisahkan dan diukur luas permukaannya. Sampel air hasil kocokan kemudian disaring menggunakan saringan bertingkat 125 dan 25 μm, dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Ditemukan empat genus dinoflagellata epifitik toksik, yaitu Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, dan Prorocentrum. Genus Coolia memiliki rata-rata kelimpahan tertinggi, yaitu 8 sel/cm2, yang menunjukkan kemampuan adaptasi Coolia di setiap stasiun dengan faktor lingkungan yang berbeda. Faktor lingkungan yang mencirikan di tiap stasiun dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) dan kemudian dihubungkan secara deskriptif dengan kelimpahan dinoflagellata. Bagian selatan dan barat pulau dicirikan oleh salinitas dan kecepatan arus, bagian utara oleh intensitas cahaya, dan bagian timur oleh nitrat, oksigen terlarut, dan pH.

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Epiphytic dinoflagellates living on Thalassia hemprichii seagrass have the potential to cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) through ciguatoxin production or association with dinoflagellate producers. Thalassia hemprichii seagrass has a high abundance in the waters of Pramuka Island. Research on the abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates in seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and its relationship with environmental parameters was conducted on four sides of the waters of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii samples from the four sides of the island were taken by purposive random sampling into bottles, shaken vigorously for several minutes, and the biofilm on the leaves was scraped off. Seagrass leaves were separated and their surface area measured. The shaken water samples were then filtered using 125 and 25 μm graduated sieves, and observed using a light microscope. Four genera of toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates were found, namely Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum. The genus Coolia had the highest average abundance, 8 cells/cm2, which indicates the adaptability of Coolia at each station with different environmental factors. Characteristic environmental factors at each station were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and then descriptively correlated with dinoflagellate abundance. The southern and western parts of the island were characterized by salinity and current velocity, the northern part by light intensity, and the eastern part by nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and pH."

"Penelitian mengenai hubungan antara perbedaan kedalaman terhadap kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) menggunakan substrat buatan dilakukan di perairan Dermaga Odi, Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu pada tanggal 21–22 September 2023. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kelimpahan dinoflagellata toksik berpotensi penyebab CFP dan parameter lingkungan setiap kedalaman yang paling mempengaruhi kelimpahannya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menempatkan substrat buatan di kedalaman 1 m, 3 m, dan 5 m, serta diambil data parameter lingkungan dari setiap kedalaman. Substrat buatan diambil kembali setelah 24 jam untuk penyaringan dan penyimpanan sampel. Identifikasi dan pengolahan kelimpahan sampel didahului dengan pencacahan yang dilakukan menggunakan Sedgewick Rafter Counting Cell melalui mikroskop. Analisis data dan sampel menggunakan analisis statistik multivariate Primary Component Analysis (PCA) dan Correspondence (CA). Ditemukan 3 genus dinoflagellata yang menempel pada substrat buatan tiap kedalaman yaitu Amphidinium, Ostreopsis, dan Prorocentrum. Kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik berpotensi penyebab CFP yang menempati substrat buatan paling melimpah di kedalaman 1 m. Berdasarkan hasil PCA dan CA, kedalaman 1 m dicirikan dengan suhu, nitrat, dan Prorocentrum, sedangkan 3 m dicirikan dengan DO dan Amphidinium, dan 5 m dicirikan dengan pH. Sebaliknya, salinitas, fosfat, dan Ostreopsis tidak dicirikan dengan kedalaman berapapun.

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Research on the relationship between differences in depth and the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates that cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) using artificial substrates was carried out in the waters of Odi Pier, Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands on 21–22 September 2023. The research was conducted to identify and analyze the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates potentially causing CFP and the environmental parameters of each depth that most influences the abundance. Sampling was carried out by placing artificial substrates at depths of 1 m, 3 m and 5 m, and environmental parameter data was taken from each depth. The substrates were recovered after 24 h for filtering and storage. Identification and processing of sample abundance was preceded by Sedgewick Rafter Counting Cell. Data and sample analysis used statistical analysis Primary Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence (CA). Three genera of dinoflagellates were found attached to artificial substrates, namely Amphidinium, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum. Depth of 1 m is the most abundant of benthic dinoflagellates and characterized by temperature, nitrate, and Prorocentrum, while 3 m was characterized by DO and Amphidinium, and 5 m was characterized by pH. In contrast, salinity, phosphate, and Ostreopsis were not characterized at any depth."

"Bentuk talus makroalga dan faktor lingkungan dapat memengaruhi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mikroalga epifitik. Sementara itu, penelitian tentang kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mikroalga epifitik di Muara Binuangeun belum pernah dilakukan. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian tentang kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mikroalga epifitik pada makroalga, serta menganalisa pengaruh faktor lingkungan dan bentuk talus makroalga terhadap kelimpahan mikroalga epifitik pada makroalga di rataan terumbu Muara Binuangeun. Sampel mikroalga epifitik pada makroalga diambil dari 4 stasiun penelitian yang dipilih berdasarkan keberadaan makroalga. Hubungan mikroalga epifitik dengan bentuk talus makroalga diuji menggunakan uji Chi Square, sedangkan pengaruh parameter lingkungan dengan kelimpahan mikroalga epifitik diuji dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Kelimpahan mikroalga epifitik tertinggi terdapat makroalga berdaging dengan permukaan kasar, seperti Sargassum. Sementara itu, keanekaragaman mikroalga epifitik tertinggi terdapat pada Turbinaria. Mikroalga epifitik yang memiliki asosiasi dengan bentuk talus makroalga adalah Amphora. Amphora berasosiasi positif dengan bentuk talus berdaun. Parameter lingkungan yang cenderung berkorelasi kuat dengan kelimpahan mikroalga epifitik yaitu DO dan salinitas.

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Macroalgae form and environmental parameters may affect the abundance and diversity of epiphytic microalgae. Meanwhile, research on the abundance and diversity of epiphytic microalga in Muara Binuangeun has naver been done. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine abundance and diversity of epiphytic microalgae on macroalgae, and analized the effect of environment factor and macroalgae form to abundance of epiphytic microalgae on macroalgae in Muara Binuangeun reef flat. Samples of epiphytic microalgae were taken from 4 station which selected based on macroalgae presence. The relationship between epiphytic microalgae and macroalgae form was tested using Chi Square test, whereas effect of environmental parameter on the abundance of epiphytic microalgae tested using Spearman test. The highest abundance of epiphytic microalgae found in Sargassum and the highest diversity of epiphytic microalgae found in Turbinaria. Epiphytic microalgae that has associations with macroalgae form is Amphora. Amphora has positively associated with foliose macroalgae. Environmental parameters tend to be strongly correlated with abundance of epiphytic microalgae are DO and salinity."

"Dinoflagellata merupakan organisme eukariotik yang memiliki karakteristik khusus seperti adanya flagellar dan klorofil. Dinoflagellata toxin producer menghasilkan racun salah satunya yaitu Ciguatoksin penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisonig (CFP). Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Gili Meno, Gili Air, dan Gili Trawangan yang umum disebut dengan Gili Matra, merupakan perairan laut yang berada di Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis kelimpahan, menganalisis dominansi, dan menganalisis korelasi antara parameter lingkungan dengan dinoflagellata bentik penyebab CFP yang menempati substrat buatan di Perairan Gili Matra. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah substrat buatan dan analisis data menggunakan indeks kekayaan, kemerataan, keanekaragaman, dominansi serta korelasi Spearman. Teramati genus Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostropsis, dan Prorocentrum. Hasil perhitungan keseluruhan indeks berada pada kriteria rendah hingga sedang. Korelasi positif terlihat pada 5 dari 12 parameter lingkungan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, terdapat korelasi positif antara parameter suhu, TSS, DO, nitrit, dan amonia terhadap kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik, kelimpahan sel dinoflagellata bentik tertinggi didominasi oleh dinoflagellata dari genus Coolia.

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Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic organisms that have special characteristics such as the presence of flagellar and chlorophyll. Dinoflagellate toxin producers produce toxins, one of which is Ciguatoxin which causes Ciguatera Fish Poisonig (CFP). Aquatic Tourism Parks (TWP) Gili Meno, Gili Air, and Gili Trawangan, commonly known as Gili Matra, are marine waters located in North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The aims of this study were to identify, analyze abundance, analyze dominance, and analyze the correlation among environmental parameters and benthic dinoflagellates that cause CFP that occupy artificial substrates in Gili Matra Waters. The artificial substrates were used and Spearman's correlation were used to analyze the richness, evenness, diversity, and dominance. The genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostropsis, and Prorocentrum were observed. The results of the calculation of the overall index are in the low to moderate criteria. The highest abundance of benthic dinoflagellate cells were dominated by the genera Coolia. Positive correlations were seen from 5 of 12 environmental parameters. The conclusion of this study, there is a positive correlation between the parameters of temperature, TSS, DO, nitrite, and ammonia on the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates, the highest abundance of benthic dinoflagellate cells is dominated by dinoflagellates from the genera Coolia."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai komunitas dinoflagellata bentik penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) di perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu pada Juli 2023 hingga Juni 2024. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan komposisi penyusun komunitas dinoflagellata bentik pada substrat buatan dan menganalisis hubungan antara parameter lingkungan terhadap perlakuan perbedaan waktu. Dinoflagellata bentik dikoleksi dari substrat buatan yang diletakkan di perairan selama 24, 48, dan 72 jam. Proses pencacahan dilakukan menggunakan Sedgewick-rafter Counting Cell dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya pada perbesaran 100x. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) untuk menentukan faktor lingkungan yang mencirikan setiap perlakuan waktu. Diperoleh tiga genus dinoflagellata bentik, yaitu Prorocentrum, Ostreopsis, dan Sinophysis. Perlakuan 72 jam memiliki kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik tertinggi sebesar 129,1 sel/cm2 dan genus Prorocentrum menjadi genus paling melimpah sebesar 141,6 sel/cm2. Berdasarkan hasil AKU, perlakuan 24 dan 48 jam dicirikan oleh suhu, salinitas, dan kecepatan arus, sedangkan 72 jam dicirikan oleh DO dan intensitas cahaya.

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Study on the community of benthic dinoflagellates causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) in the waters of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, was conducted from July 2023 until June 2024. The aim of this research was to analyze the abundance and composition of the benthic dinoflagellate community on artificial substrates and to analyze the relationship between environmental parameters and different time treatments. Benthic dinoflagellates were collected from artificial substrates placed in the water for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Counting was performed using a Sedgewick-Rafter Counting Cell and observed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. Data analysis was conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the environmental factors characterizing each time treatment. Three genera of benthic dinoflagellates were identified: Prorocentrum, Ostreopsis, and Sinophysis. The 72-hour treatment had the highest abundance of benthic dinoflagellates at 129,1 cells/cm², with Prorocentrum being the highest abundant genus at 141,6 cells/cm². According to PCA results, the 24 and 48-hour treatments were characterized by temperature, salinity, and current velocity, whereas the 72-hour treatment was characterized by DO and light intensity. "

"Telah dilakukan penelitian Asosiasi Dinoflagellata Bentik dengan Diatom Bentik pada Substrat Lamun di Perairan Gili Matra, Lombok Utara pada Bulan Mei 2022. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil 3 helai daun lamun Cymodocea rotundata pada setiap titik sampel, kemudian dilakukan pengocokan selama 1 menit dan penyaringan dengan saringan bertingkat (125 µm dan 20 µm). Dinoflagellata bentik yang ditemukan berjumlah 2 genera. Dua genera yang ditemukan tersebut berasosiasi sekunder dan dapat berpotensi menyebabkan ciguatera. Kelimpahan tertinggi terletak pada bagian barat Gili Meno (2200 sel/cm2), dan kelimpahan terendah terletak pada bagian selatan Gili Trawangan (1801 sel/cm2). Sedangkan Diatom bentik yang ditemukan berjumlah 14 genus. Kelimpahan tertinggi Diatom bentik terdapat di Gili Meno (91100 sel/cm2) dan terendah di Gili Trawangan (49128 sel/cm2). Correspondence Analysis (CA) menggunakan PAST versi 4.10 menunjukkan hubungan asosiasi Dinoflagellata bentik dengan Diatom bentik pada Grafik sumbu 1-2 yaitu genus Prorocentrum dengan Navicula, Prorocentrum dengan Nitzschia, Prorocentrum dengan Licmophora, dan Prorocentrum dengan Cocconeis di stasiun GT1, GM1, dan GM3. Sedangkan pada Grafik sumbu 1-3 terdapat asosiasi antara Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Thallasiothrix, Cocconeis, Striatella, Coscinodiscus, dan Rhizosolenia. Korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi positif terjadi antara Ostreopsis dengan Thallassiothrix pada Gili Meno stasiun 2. Selain itu, Prorocentrum dengan Nitzschia, Prorocentrum dengan Licmophora, Prorocentrum dengan Grammatophora, Prorocentrum dengan Raphoneis, Prorocentrum dengan Thallasiosira pada Gili Meno stasiun 1,3 dan Gili Trawangan stasiun 1. Sedangkan korelasi negatif terjadi antara Ostreopsis dengan Nitzschia, Ostreopsis dengan Licmophora, dan Prorocentrum dengan Rhizosolenia.

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The association of benthic dinoflagellates with benthic Diatoms on seagrass substrates in Gili Matra waters study was conducted in May 2022. The study is carried out by taking 3 leaf samples of Cymodocea rotundata seagrass at each sampling point, then followed by shaking for a minute and filtering with a stratified sieve (125 µm dan 20 µm). Benthic dinoflagellates were found in 2 genera. The benthic species found are in secondary association and have a potential to cause ciguatera. The highest abundance is located in the western part of Gili Meno (2200 cells/cm2), and the lowest abundance is located in the southern part of Gili Trawangan (1801 cells/cm2). On the other side, the benthic Diatoms were found in 14 genera. The highest abundance of benthic Diatoms is found in Gili Meno (91100 cells/cm2) and the lowest in Gili Trawangan (49128 cells/cm2). Correspondence Analysis (CA) using PAST version 4.10 shows the association relationship of benthic Dinoflagellates with Benthic Diatoms on the 1-2 axis graph, namely the genus Prorocentrum with Navicula, Prorocentrum with Nitzschia, Prorocentrum with Licmophora, and Prorocentrum with Cocconeis at GT1, GM1, and GM3 stations. While in the 1-3 axis graph there is an association between Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Thallasiothrix, Cocconeis, Striatella, Coscinodiscus, and Rhizosolenia. The Spearman correlation suggests a positive correlation occurred between Ostreopsis and Thallassiothrix at Gili Meno station 2. In addition, Prorocentrum with Nitzschia, Prorocentrum with Licmophora, Prorocentrum with Grammatophora, Prorocentrum with Raphoneis, Prorocentrum with Thallasiosira on Gili Meno station 1.3 and Gili Trawangan station 1. Meanwhile, a negative correlation occurred between Ostreopsis with Nitzschia, Ostreopsis with Licmophora, and Prorocentrum with Rhizosolenia."

"Dinoflagellates were found and seven of them are potentially toxic species Based on the CA and PCA the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae Amphidiniopsis hirsutum Coolia sp and Amphidinium sp are sand Ostreopsis ovata Ostreopsis lenticularis and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass sand and coral rubble Prorocentrum lima Prorocentrum emarginatum Ostreopsis siamensis and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass seaweed and coral rubble and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate Dinoflagellates were found and seven of them are potentially toxic species Based on the CA and PCA the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae Amphidiniopsis hirsutum Coolia sp and Amphidinium sp are sand Ostreopsis ovata Ostreopsis lenticularis and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass sand and coral rubble Prorocentrum lima Prorocentrum emarginatum Ostreopsis siamensis and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass seaweed and coral rubble and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate Dinoflagellates were found and seven of them are potentially toxic species Based on the CA and PCA the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae Amphidiniopsis hirsutum Coolia sp and Amphidinium sp are sand Ostreopsis ovata Ostreopsis lenticularis and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass sand and coral rubble Prorocentrum lima Prorocentrum emarginatum Ostreopsis siamensis and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass seaweed and coral rubble and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate. Research on epibenthic Dinoflagellate causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning had been conducted in Harapan Island, Kepulauan Seribu during 4th--6th March 2013. This study was carried out by collecting seagrass, seaweed, sand, and coral rubble on the reef flats, where they were shaken vigorously to separate the epibenthic Dinoflagellates. Samples were filtered and observed under a light microscope. The data were analyzed using Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). From the samples collected, twelve species of benthic Dinoflagellates were found, and seven of them are potentially toxic species. Based on the CA and PCA, the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae; Amphidiniopsis hirsutum, Coolia sp., and Amphidinium sp. are sand; Ostreopsis ovata, Ostreopsis lenticularis, and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass, sand, and coral rubble; Prorocentrum lima, Prorocentrum emarginatum, Ostreopsis siamensis, and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass, seaweed, and coral rubble; and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate."

"Mikroplastik merupakan salah satu polutan di lingkungan berukuran mikro yang menjadi permasalahan global oleh tingginya penggunaan plastik masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan kandungan jenis mikroplastik pada air laut, sedimen, serta daun lamun Enhalus acoroides di Taman Nasional Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Sampel air disaring dengan plankton net sementara sedimen dikeringkan dalam oven hingga berat konstan, kemudian masing- masing dicampur dalam NaCl dan diidentifikasi mikroskop cahaya. Hasil yang didapat lamun titik timur memiliki rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik 33,35 partikel/cm2, titik utara 38,6 partikel/cm2, titik selatan 40,55 partikel/cm2, kemudian titik barat 42,65 partikel/cm2, dan titik baratlaut 44,7 partikel/cm2. Air titik timur 56 partikel/L, titik utara 58 partikel/mL, titik selatan 69,33 partikel/mL, titik barat 72 partikel/mL, dan titik barat laut 74,66 partikel/L. Sedimen titik timur 38,66 partikel/g, titik utara 58,66 partikel/g, titik selatan 75 partikel/g, titik barat 77 partikel/g, dan titik barat laut 89 partikel/g. Hasil uji kandungan jenis ATR-FTIR ditemukan kandungan HDPE, LDPE, dan PP. Uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan mikroplastik pada lamun Enhalus acoroides di kelima titik.

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Microplastic is one of the micro-sized pollutants in the environment and has become a global problem due to the high use of plastic amongst society. This study is aimed to analyze the abundance and content of microplastics in sea water, sediment, and seagrass Enhalus acoroides in Pramuka Island. The leaf surface of Enhalus acoroides were softly scraped using razor blade and microplastic was identified through microscope and ATR-FTIR. The water sample was filtered with a plankton net whereas the sediment was dried in an oven until constant weight, each was mixed in NaCl and identified through light microscope. Results obtained, east site has a microplastic average abundance of 33.35 particles/cm2, north site 38.6 particles/cm2, south site 40.55 particles/cm2, west site 42.65 particles/cm2, and northwest site 44.7 particles/cm2. The east site for water sample has average abundance 56 particles/mL, north site 58 particles/mL, south site 69.33 particles/mL, west site 72 particles/mL, and northwest site 74.66 particles/L. The east site for sediment has 38.66 particles/g,north site 58.66 particles/g, south site 75 particles/g, west site 77 particles/g, and northwest site 89 particles/g. The result of ATR-FTIR showed HDPE, LDPE, and PPcontent. Kruskal Wallis Test showed no significant difference in microplastic abundance in seagrass Enhalus acoroides at the five sampling sites and Pearson Test showed positive and signficant relation between microplastics in water and sediment."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas epifiton daunEnhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle di padang lamun perairan Pulau Panggang,Kepulauan Seribu pada tanggal 7--8 Maret 2008. Pengambilan sampel daunEnhalus acoroides dilakukan dengan metode purposive random sampling di12 substasiun penelitian. Sampel epifiton pada permukaan daun Enhalusacoroides diambil dengan metode kerok (scraping method), lalu dicacahdengan metode subsampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisifito-epifiton yang diperoleh sebanyak 3 kelas 44 marga, sedangkan komposisizoo-epifiton sebanyak 8 filum 10 kelas. Coscinodiscus dan Nematodamerupakan epifiton yang paling dominan di lokasi penelitian. Rerata indekskeanekaragaman fito-epifiton sebesar 1,82, sedangkan zoo-epifiton sebesar1,72. Nilai indeks kemerataan fito-epifiton tergolong cukup merata (0,53),sedangkan zoo-epifiton tergolong hampir merata (0,81). Nilai indekskesamaan fito-epifiton dan zoo-epifiton di lokasi penelitian tergolong tinggi,yaitu 0,73 dan 0,67. Sebaran epifiton menunjukkan pola yang mengelompok."