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"Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh manajemen laba akrual dan manajemen laba riil (arus kas operasi abnormal, biaya produksi abnormal, dan biaya diskresioner abnormal) terhadap kinerja perusahaan setelah SEO. Pengujian hipotesis penelitian menggunakan model regresi dengan total sampel 58 perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama tahun 2000-2009 dengan total observasi 122 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arus kas operasi abnormal berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan setahun setelah SEO yaitu semakin rendah arus kas operasi abnormal menunjukkan perusahaan tersebut melakukan manajemen laba riil sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan kinerja perusahan setelah SEO dan biaya produksi abnormal memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan setahun setelah SEO, yaitu semakin tinggi biaya produksi abnormal menunjukkan perusahaan melakukan manajemen laba riil dan mengakibatkan penurunan kinerja perusahan setahun setelah SEO. Selain itu, akrual diskresioner dan biaya produksi abnormal berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan dua tahun setelah SEO. Semakin tinggi akrual diskresioner dan biaya produksi abnormal akan menyebabkan semakin rendah kinerja perusahaan dua tahun setelah SEO. Namun, hasil lainnya menunjukkan bahwa biaya diskresioner abnormal tidak memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan setahun dan dua tahun setelah SEO.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the effect of accrual earnings management and real earnings management (abnormal operating cash flow, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary expenses) on the performance of the company after the SEO. Testing hypotheses using regression models with a total sample of 58 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the years 2000-2009 with a total of 122 firm observations. The results show that abnormal operating cash flows have significant positive effect on the performance of the company one year after the SEO, lower amount of abnormal operating cash flow show real earnings management and result in lower company performance after SEO and abnormal production costs has a significant negative effect on the performance of the company one year after the SEO where the increasing of abnormal production costs show real earnings management and the result in lower company performance after SEO. In addition, discretionary accruals and abnormal production costs has significantly negative effect on the company performance of the two years after the SEO. Increasing discretionary accruals and abnormal production costs result in lower company performance two years after SEO. Nevertheless, the abnormal discretionary expenses does not have effect on the one year and two year company performance after SEO."

"ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba dan market timing pada saat Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEO) dengan informasi asimetri sebagai variabel moderasi. Ukuran perusahan diukur dengan logaritma natural dari total aset. Informasi asimetri diukur dengan bid-ask spread. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda dan regresi logistik dengan sampel 126 right issue yang dilakukan oleh 92 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2002-2012. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba yang dilakukan perusahaan pada saat SEO. Informasi asimetri akan memperkuat pengaruh negatif tersebut. Hal ini mengindikasikan manajemen laba lebih banyak dilakukan oleh perusahaan kecil. Ukuran perusahaan tidak mempengaruhi probabilita perusahaan dalam melakukan market timing pada saat SEO. Informasi asimetri tidak memperkuat atau memperlemah probabilita tersebut. Hal ini mengindikasikan probabilita perusahaan melakukan market timing pada saat SEO, tidak dipengaruhi oleh ukuran perusahaan.

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ABSTRACT

This research aimed to know the influences of firm size on earning management and market timing at Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEO) with asymmetry information as moderating variabel. Firm size is assesed by natulral logarithm of total asset. Asymmetric information assesed by bid-ask spread. Hypothesis-testing used double linear and logistic regression, with sample 126 right issues from 92 emittens, that are traded at Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2002 until 2012. The results of this research represent that the firm size has a negative influences on earning management at SEO. The existence of asymmetry information can increase the negative influences of firm size on earning management. This gives evidence that in SEO earning management is more likely to be done by small firms. Next result, probability of a firm to do market timing doesn’t affected by firm size at SEO. The existence of asymmetry information doesn’t increase or decrease the probability of a firm to do market timing. This gives evidence that in SEO market timing doesn’t affected by firm size.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penggunaan manajemen laba akrual dan manajemen laba riil (manipulasi aktivitas penjualan, overproduction, serta pengurangan biaya diskresioner) pada perusahaan yang melakukan IPO di periode 2002-2011, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi preferensi manajemen laba akrual versus manajemen laba riil, serta dampaknya pada kinerja keuangan pasca IPO. Penelitian ini menemukan perusahaan melakukan manajemen laba akrual diskresioner serta manajemen laba riil (manipulasi aktivitas penjualan ataupun overproduction) pada periode satu tahun sebelum IPO dan saat IPO. Dari faktor auditor eksternal, masa audit, serta level net operating asset (NOA), hanya level NOA ditemukan berdampak pada kecenderungan perusahaan untuk tidak memilih manipulasi aktivitas penjualan ataupun overproduction. Selain itu, ditemukan pula bahwa dari penggunaan manajemen laba akrual dan riil, hanya penggunaan manajemen laba riil pengurangan biaya diskresioner yang berdampak negatif pada kinerja perusahaan.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether firms conducting IPO on 2002 - 2011 engaged in accrual earnings management and real earnings management (sales manipulation, over-production, and reduction in discretionary expense), factors that influence the tendency to engage in accrual versus real earnings management, and the impact of those earnings management on firm‟s performance after IPO. The results show that firms used accrual earnings management and real earnings management (sales manipulation or over-production) in one year before IPO and in IPO-year. Among external audit-firm, audit tenure, and the level of net operating asset (NOA) factors, only level of NOA is found to affect the tendency not to engage in sales manipulation or over-production. It is also found that only reduction in discretionary expense that found to significantly affect the decrease on firm‟s performance.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis reaksi investor disekitar pengumuman seasoned equity offerings dan bagaimana pengaruh corporate governance (kepemilikan CEO, persentase komisaris independen, kepemilikan komisaris independen, ukuran komisaris, dan ukuran komite audit) terhadap reaksi investor disekitar pengumuman seasoned equity offerings. Penelitian ini menggunakan data cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 90 dari seluruh sektor periode 2006-2010 dengan menggunakan regresi multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa investor beraksi negatif ketika perusahaan mengumumkan seasoned equity offerings. Selain itu, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel corporate governance yakni kepemilikan CEO, persentase komisaris independen, dan ukuran komite audit. Sementara itu, variabel kepemilikan komisaris independen dan ukuran komisaris tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap reaksi investor disekitar pengumuman seasoned equity offerings.

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This study aims to analyze investor reaction around the announcement of seasoned equity offerings and the effect of corporate governance (CEO ownership, the percentage of outside director, outside director ownership, board size, and the size of the audit committee) to the investor reaction around the announcement of seasoned equity offerings. This study used data with a cross sectional sample of 90 from all sectors of the period 2006-2010 using multivariate regression.

The results showed that the investor reacts negatively when the company announced seasoned equity offerings. In addition, the results also showed a significant influence of the corporate governance variable CEO ownership, the percentage of outside director, and the size of the audit committee. Meanwhile, outside director ownership and board size have no significant effect to investor reaction around the announcement of seasoned equity offerings."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi manajemen laba melalui akrual dan aktivitas riil di sekitar penawaran saham tambahan serta pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Manajemen laba akrual diproksikan dengan akrual diskresioner sedangkan aktivitas riil diproksikan dengan aktivitas pengelolaan penjualan, peningkatan produksi, dan pengurangan biaya diskresioner. Hasil uji beda menunjukkan perusahaan melakukan peningkatan level produksi sebelum penawaran saham tambahan dan cenderung melakukan manajemen laba akrual di sekitar penawaran saham tambahan. Akan tetapi, hasil regresi menunjukkan aktivitas peningkatan produksi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan satu tahun pasca penawaran saham tambahan sedangkan manajemen laba akrual tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Hal ini mengindikasikan aktivitas peningkatan level produksi yang dilakukan perusahaan cenderung tidak oportunis karena meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan di masa depan.

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to detect earnings management through accruals and real activities around seasoned equity offering and its effect on firm's financial performance. Accrual earning management is proxied by discretionary accrual while real activities are proxied by sales management activities, increased production, and reduction of discretionary expenses. Paired samples test shows the company increased its level production prior to seasoned equity offering and tend to conduct accrual earning management around seasoned equity offering. However, the regression results indicate the increasing level of production has positive effect on firms' financial performance one year after the seasoned equity offering whereas accrual earning management has no effect on company performance. This indicates the increasing level of production tends not opportunistic, but consistent with company's goal that allow better future performance."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh manajemen laba akrual dan manajemen laba riil terhadap yield spread obligasi. Praktik manajemen laba dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan discretionary accrual yang dikembangkan oleh Kothari (2005). Semantara itu, manajemen laba riil pada penelitian ini diukur dengan pengukuran manajemen laba riil yang telah dikembangkan oleh Roychowdhury (2006). Pengujian hipotesis penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data panel unbalance dengan jumlah observasi sebanyak 159 observasi. Jumlah observasi tersebut terdiri dari 78 sampel obligasi yang diterbitkan oleh 34 perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2009 hingga 2013. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba akrual berpengaruh positif terhadap yield spread obligasi. Sementara itu, CFO abnormal dan biaya diskresioner abnormal yang merupakan komponen pengelolaan manajemen laba riil diketahui berpengaruh negatif terhadap yield spread. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa bondholders menyadari tindakan manajemen laba akrual sebagai tindakan oportunis, sehingga meningatkan risiko dan menuntut pengembalian yang tinggi. Akan tetapi, bondholder belum mampu mengetahui dampak negatif manajemen laba melalui aktivitas riil.

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This research aimed to know the effect of accrual earnings management and real earnings management on bond yield spreads. Accrual earnings management in this research measured by discretionary accrual Kothari model. While real earnings management measured by real earnings management models that were developed by Roychowdhury (2006). Hypothesis testing of this research used panel regression with 159 observations. Observations in this research consist of 78 bonds sample from 34 companies that are listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange since 2009 until 2014.

The result of this research showed that accrual earnings management has positive effect on yield spread. Whereas, abnormal CFO and abnormal discretionary expenses that measured real earnings management have negative effect on yield spread. These result implied that bondholders perceive accrual earnings management as opportunistic behavior that increased risk factor and thus required high return (yield). However, bondholder have not realized the negative effect of real earnings management."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari dua macam aktivitas manajemen laba yakni manajemen laba akrual dan manajemen laba riil terhadap biaya utang dan biaya ekuitas perusahaan. Manajemen laba akrual diestimasi dengan model Stubben 2010 sedangkan manajemen laba riil diestimasi dengan menggunakan model Roychowdury 2005. Total observasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 1375 firm years untuk model biaya utang serta 1 564 firm years untuk model biaya ekuitas pada tahun 2003 2011. Penelitian ini diuji dengan regresi data panel dengan model regresi random effect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba akrual dan manajemen laba riil terbukti tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya utang dan biaya ekuitas.

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This research aims to analyze the impact of two kinds of earnings management which are accrual earnings management and real earnings management on company's cost of debt and cost of equity. Accrual earnings management is estimated using Stubben model 2010 while real earnings management is estimated with Roychowdury model 2005. Total observations for this research are 1 375 firm years for the cost of debt model and 1564 firms years for the cost of equity model from year 2003 2011. This research is tested by panel data regression with random effect regression model. The result of this research shows that accruals earnings management and real earnings management have no significant impact on company's cost of debt and cost of equity."

"This research examined the announcement of seasoned equity offering to stock return and trading volume. This study grouped its sample by degree of financial distress risk. When managers realizing that the distress risk is rising, a firm will choose financed its activity by equity rather than bond. If investors recognize this chain of events, then the stock price will decrease by the announcement of seasoned equity. It?s called the static tradeoff between tax benefit and distress risk from debt-financing (Myers, 1989).The purpose of this research is to know the behavior of stock return and trading volume for each sample group. SEO announcement is an interesting subject because it has no hypothesis which best described the phenomenon on each capital market within a country. There are many different SEO effects depend on its capital market structure and efficiency which is support the efficient market hypothesis (Fama, 1970). Asquith and Mullins (1986) found signaling as the answer of negative price reaction, while Tsangarakis (1996) found investment opportunities as response of positive price effect.This research is using an event studies method in order to meet its objectives. By 41 days of event period, this research wants to get better return and trading volume behavior around announcement day. But, since bigger firms has harder public exposure, then this research restrict its event only for formal announcement done by Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).The result support Asquith and Mullins research and there is no evidence that Indonesian investors knowing about financial distress risk owned by listed firms. Significant cumulative average abnormal return was found in every sample group. Negative price effect was larger for group with high financial distress risk. On the contrary, higher volume turnover was booked by the group of high financial distress risk.This study suggested listed shares not to issue equity if its purpose is to do a financial restructuring. Because, once investors realize that distress risk have had risen, stock price will fall and the trading volume will be lessen. Further study could do some improvement by measuring the operating performance of the SEO firms, use other financial distress prediction model, or use other stock return calculation model."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan tingkat manajemen laba sebelum dan setelah IPO dan SEO, pengaruh manajemen laba pada tahun IPO dan SEO terhadap upcoming years return, pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga terhadap manajemen laba. Penelitian ini juga melihat peran moderasi dari efektivitas monitoring dalam tata kelola dalam hubungan manajemen laba serta kepemilikan keluarga terhadap upcoming years return pada perusahaan IPO dan SEO. Metode yang digunakan dalam menguji penelitian ini adalah uji beda menggunakan paired t-test dan regresi cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini merupakan perusahan industri non keuangan, real estate, property, dan hotel dari tahun 2005 sampai 2012 dengan jumlah 96 untuk perusahaan IPO dan 64 untuk perusahaan SEO. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan IPO dan SEO berperilaku oportunistik dalam manajemen laba akrual. Perusahaan IPO dan SEO diindikasikan melakukan shifting dari manajemen laba akrual menjadi riil setelah SEO. Hasil penelitian membuktikkan bahwa manajemen laba berpengaruh negatif terhadap upcoming years return, hasil berbeda dari perusahaan SEO yang tidak berpengaruh. Selain itu hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kepemilikan keluarga memilih manajemen laba riil dan akrual pada perusahaan IPO dan manajemen laba riil pada perusahaan SEO. Hasil penelitian tidak berhasil menemukan pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga terhadap upcoming years return. Pada perusahaan IPO peran dewan komisaris berhasil memperlemah hubungan manajemen laba riil terhadap upcoming years return. SEO yang membuktikkan peran moderasi efektivitas komite audit dalam memperlemah hubungan manajemen laba riil terhadap upcoming years return dan efektivitas monitoring berhasil memperkuat hubungan kepemilikan keluarga terhadap upcoming years return.

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This study examines differences in the level of earnings management before and after the IPO and SEO, the effect of earnings management in the IPO and SEO to upcoming years return, the influence of family ownership on earnings management. The study also looked at the role of moderation in monitoring the effectiveness of governance in relation to earnings management and family ownership on upcoming years return on the company's IPO and the SEO.

The method used in this research is to test different test using paired t-test and crosssectional regression. The study sample was non financial industry, real estate, hotels and property firm from 2005 until 2012, there were 96 and 64 for the company's IPO and SEO firms.

The results of this study indicate that the company's IPO and SEO behave opportunistic accruals in earnings management. IPO and SEO Company indicated undertake shifting of accruals into real earnings management after the SEO. The results of the study prove that earnings management negatively affect the upcoming years return, the result is different from SEO companies that had no effect. In addition, the results of the study found that family ownership chose real earnings management and accruals on the company's IPO and real earnings management at SEO company.

The results of the study failed to find the effect of family ownership on the upcoming years return. At the company's successful IPO weaken the role of the board of commissioners of real earnings management relations upcoming years to return. SEO that prove the effectiveness of the audit committee's role in moderating the relationship weakens real earnings management to return upcoming years and successfully monitoring the effectiveness of strengthening ties to the upcoming years of family ownership return."