Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar belakang : Hipotensi merupakan salah satu komplikasi akibat anestesia subarakhnoid pada seksio sesarea yang berpotensi membahayakan ibu dan janin. Kejadian hipotensi pada seksio sesarea dengan dosis bupivakain 8 - 12,5 mg berkisar antara 25 - 60%. Mengkombinasikan anestetika lokal dosis rendah dengan opioid lipofilik dan modifikasi posisi saat injeksi subarakhnoid mungkin dapat lebih menurunkan kejadian hipotensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas posisi Oxford dalam menurunkan kejadian hipotensi dibanding posisi lateral dengan regimen bupivakain 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Metode : Setelah lolos kaji etik dan mendapatkan persetujuan klinik 180 pasien yang akan menjalani seksio sesarea elektif dirandomisasi blok ke dalam kelompok posisi Oxford atau posisi lateral. Semua pasien mendapatkan dosis intratekal bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Coloading kristaloid diberikan 10 ml/ kgBB. Efedrin intravena diberikan sesuai standar. Kondisi hemodinamik dan profil blok sensorimotor dicatat. Penggunaan efedrin, efek samping dan nilai APGAR juga didokumentasikan. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan yang secara statistik tidak bermakna pada kejadian hipotensi diantara kedua kelompok (p=0,121). Total jumlah penggunaan efedrin intravena diantara kedua kelompok berbeda dan dapat diperbandingkan. Profil blok sensorimotor diantara kedua kelompok dapat diperbandingkan. Kesimpulan : Modifikasi posisi Oxford pada anestesia subarakhnoid dengan dosis bupivakain 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg tidak memberikan hasil yang bermakna dalam menurunkan kejadian hipotensi.

---

Background : Hypotension was one of the complications of subarachnoid anesthesia in caesarean section that potentially detrimental to the mother and baby. The insidens of hypotension in caesarean section with bupivacaine 8 - 12,5 mg were between 25 and 60%. Combining low dose of local anesthetics with lipofilic opioid and modification of position during subarachnoid injection might be more in lowering the hypotension insidens. The study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of Oxford position in lowering the hypotension insidens with regimen 7,5 mg bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl.

Methods : After ethical clearance and receive informed consent 180 elective caesarean section patient were randomized into Oxford group or lateral group. All the patient were receive the same dose of intrathecal 7,5 mg 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl. Coloading of 10 ml/ kgBW with cristaloid was given. Intravenous ephedrine was given according to a standard. Hemodynamic changes and sensorimotor block profile were documented. Epedhrine consumption, side effect and APGAR score were also documented.

Result : There is a difference that statistically not significant in hypotension insidens between two groups (p=0,121). The total intravenous ephedrine consumption between two groups was different and comparable. The profile of sensorimotor block between two groups could be compared.

Conclusion : Modification of Oxford position in subarachnoid anesthesia with 7,5 mg bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl was not more effective in lowering insidens of hypotension."

"LATAR BELAKANG : Hipotensi akibat anestesia spinal pada pasien yang menjalani bedah caesar berbahaya bagi ibu dan janinnya. Sehingga, kombinasi anestetik lokal dosis rendah dengan opioid yaitu bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 5 mg dan 6 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg diharapkan dapat menurunkan angka kejadian hipotensi dengan kualitas analgesia yang adekuat untuk memfasilitasi bedah caesar.METODE : 394 pasien hamil aterm usia 20 ? 40 tahun yang akan menjalani bedah caesar, baik cito maupun elektif ASA I ? II,yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi.Randomisasi menjadi kelompok I yang mendapat bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg serta kelompok II (kontrol) yang mendapat bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 6 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg.Posisi pasien pada kedua kelompok sama yaitu posisi lateral dengan pungsi lumbal setinggi L3-4/L4-5.Total volume 1,7cc disun tikkan dengan kecepatan 0,2 cc/detik.Kemudian telentang dengan posisi left lateral tilt. Dilakukan pencatatan tekanan darah pada menit ke - 3,6,,9,12,15,20,30,40,50,60 setelah disuntikkannya obat anestetik lokal ke ruang subaraknoid.HASIL : Terdapat 3 subyek penelitian yang dikeluarkan pada kelompok I, karena dikonversi menjadi anestesia umum . Terdapat 2 subyek penelitian pada kelompok II yang mendapatkan fentanil 100 mcg intravena. Angka kejadian hipotensi pada kelompok I 9,3% dan pada kelompok II adalah 12,2%.KESIMPULAN : Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna mengenai angka kejadian hipotensi pada kedua kelompok subyek penelitian.

---

BACKGROUND: Hypotension due to spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section is dangerous for both mother and fetus. So with a combination of low doses of local anesthetics 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 5 mg and 6 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg is expected to reduce the incidence of hypotension with adequate quality of analgesia to facilitate cesarean section.METHODS: 394 pregnant patients at term age 20-40 years undergo caesarean section, either cito and elective ASA I - II, in accordance with the criteria I inclusion. Randomization into groups that received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 5 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg and group II (controls) who received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 6 mg plus fentanyl 25 mcg.Posisi patients in both groups were the same, namely the lateral position with the highest lumbar puncture L3-4/L4-5.Total injected volume is 1.7 cc with speed of injection 0.2 ml / second. Then move patient to supine position with left lateral tilt. Do blood pressure recording in minute - 3.6,9,12,15,20,30,40,50,60 after injection of local anesthetic drugs into the subarachnoid space.RESULTS: There were three subjects that excluded subjects in group I, because converted to general anesthesia. There are two subjects in group II who received fentanyl 100 mcg intravenously. The incidence of hypotension in group I and 9.3% in group II was 12.2%.CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension in both groups."

"Latar Belakang : Brakhiterapi intrakaviter merupakan terapi keganasan pada stadium lanjut yang sering digunakan pada bidang ginekologi. Pasien brakhiterapi pada umumnya dilakukan dengan pelayanan rawat jalan sehingga anestesia yang menjadi pilihan selama ini adalah anestesia spinal.Pemilihan obat yang memiliki waktu pulih anestesia spinal yang lebih cepat membuat pasien dapat pulang kerumah lebih cepat. Penelitian ini mencoba mengetahui waktu pulih anestesia spinal levobupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg dibandingkan dengan bupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg pada brakhiterapi intrakaviter rawat jalan. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dan uji klinik acak tersamar ganda yang akan dilaksanakan di unit radioterapi RSCM pada bulan Oktober 2015. Sebanyak 60 orang subyek penelitian akan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan yaitu levobupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg (LV) dan bupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg (BV) untuk menilai waktu pulih anestesia spinal antara kedua kelompok perlakuan tersebut. Hasil : Pengukuran waktu pulih dilakukan dengan menilai waktu kesiapan pulang pasien, waktu ambulasi dan waktu pasien dapat miksi spontan. Pada variabel waktu ambulasi, miksi spontan, dan waktu kesiapan pulang didapatkan hasil berbeda bermakna (p < 0,05). Simpulan : Waktu pulih anestesia spinal, waktu ambulasi dan waktu miksi pada kelompok levobupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan bupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg pada brakhiterapi intrakaviter rawat jalan.

---

Introduction : Intracavitary brachytherapy is one of advanced stage cervical cancer modality treatment. These patients were treated as outpatient clinic fashion and the chosen anesthesia was spinal anesthesia. The regimens of spinal anesthesia will influenced the recovery time. The aim of the study is to compare the recovery time between two spinal anesthesia regimens Levobupivacaine + 25 mcg Fentanyl and 5 mgs Hyperbaric Bupivacaine+ 25 mcg Fentanyl for brachytherapy outpatient clinic patient.

Method: This is a double blind randomized control trial study. The study was taken place at radiotherapy unit RSCM at October 2015. There were 60 patients that divided into two groups Levobupivacaine + 25 mcg Fentanyl group and 5 mgs Hyperbaric Bupivacaine+ 25 mcg Fentanyl group. These two groups will be measured for spinal anesthesia recovery time.

Result : The spinal anesthesia recovery time measured by discharged readiness time, ambulation time, spontaneous micturition time. From the result of the study all of these three variables were significantly different between these two group regimens (P< 0,05).

Conclusion : spinal anesthesia recovery time, ambulation time, spontaneous micturition time of Levobupivacaine + 25 mcg Fentanyl group were faster than 5 mgs Hyperbaric Bupivacaine+ 25 mcg Fentanyl group at intracavitary brachytherapy outpatient clinic."

"Latar Belakang: Brakiterapi merupakan modalitas tata laksana kanker serviks dengan radiasi yang dilakukan pada tumor yang besar pada saat akhir atau bersamaan dengan kemoradioterapi. Anestesia spinal merupakan prosedur anestesi yang umum dilakukan pada prosedur rawat jalan brakiterapi intrakaviter untuk kanker serviks. Pemilihan obat yang memiliki waktu kesiapan pulang yang lebih cepat diharapkan dapat membuat pasien pulang lebih cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu kesiapan pulang pasca anestesia spinal dengan bupivakain 2,5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg dan levobupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg pada brakiterapi intrakaviter rawat jalan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain uji klinis acak yang tersamar tunggal yang dilaksanakan pada unit radiologi RSCM. Pada penelitian ini, terdapat 48 orang subyek penelitian yang akan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok bupivakain 2,5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg dan kelompok levobupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg. Pengukuran waktu kesiapan pulang pada kedua kelompok dilakukan dengan menggunakan Modified PADSS score. Pengukuran waktu pulih dilakukan dengan menggunakan bromage score. Hasil: Variabel usia, berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan skor ASA tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Median waktu pulih pada kelompok bupivakain 2,5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg dan kelompok levobupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg adalah 60 (30 – 120) menit dan 90 (60-120) menit (p<0,001) sedangkan rata-rata waktu kesiapan pulang adalah 130,00 ± 22,84 menit dan 170,00 ± 22,84 menit (p<0,001). Efek samping hipotensi pasca anestesia hanya ditemukan pada 1 pasien (4,2%) yang mendapatkan bupivakain. Kesimpulan: Waktu kesiapan pulang, waktu pulih pasca anestesia spinal pada kelompok bupivakain 2,5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan levobupivakain 5 mg hiperbarik + fentanil 25 mcg pada brakiterapi intrakaviter rawat jalan.

---

Background: Brachytherapy is a treatment modality for cervical cancer in which radiation is applied to large tumors at the end or at the same time with the chemoradiotherapy. Spinal anesthesia is an anesthesia procedure commonly performed in outpatient intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer. The selection of drugs with earlier time to readiness for discharge is expected to make patients go home earlier. This study measures the time to readiness for discharge of after spinal anesthesia using 2,5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl and 5 mg hyperbaric levobupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl in brachytherapy outpatient clinic.

Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial study conducted at radiotherapy unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in March 2021. There were 48 patients divided into two groups: 2,5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl and 5 mg hyperbaric levobupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl. Time to readiness for discharge was measured using Modified PADSS score. Recovery time was measured using Bromage score.

Results: Age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and ASA score were not significantly different between the two groups. Median of recovery time in 2,5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl group and 5 mg hyperbaric levobupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl group were 60 (30 – 120) minutes and 90 (60- 120) minutes, respectively (p<0,001) while mean of time to readiness for discharge were 130,00 ± 22,84 minutes and 170,00 ± 22,84 minutes, respectively (p<0,001). Hypotension side effect of spinal anesthesia was only found in 1 patient (4,2%) in bupivacaine group.

Conclusion: Time to readiness for discharge and recovery time after spinal anesthesia using 2,5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl was shorter than 5 mg hyperbaric levobupivacaine+ 25 mcg fentanyl in intracavitary brachytherapy outpatient clinic."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Anastasia subarahnoid adalah salah satu tindakan anestesia regional yang sexing dilakukan untuk bedah sesar. Bupivakain hiperbarik 0,5% adalah obat anestetik lokal yang lazim dipakai untuk tehnik pembiusan tersebut. Posisi tubuh dan gaya gravitasi memiliki efek dan mempengaruhi penyebaran dari obat yang bersifat hiperbarik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh posisi tubuh saat penyuntikan obat bupivakain hiperbarik 0,5% terhadap efek hipotensi yang ditimbulkan.Metode : Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 90 wanita hamil berstatus ASA I-II usia 17-50 tahun yang menjalani bedah sesar, dibagi secara arak menjadi 2 kelompok duduk dan lateral dekubitus kiri. Setelah dilakukan penyuntikan obat, setelah 2 menit pasien dikembalikan ke posisi terlentang miring kiri 15 derajat, dan dilakukan co loading kristaloid 10 mllkgBB selama 10 menit Dilakukan pencatatan tekanan darah selama operasi setiap 2 menit selama 20 menit pertama clan selanjutnya tiap 5 menit. Ketinggian hambatan sensorik clan ketinggian maksimal hambatan, jumlah total efedrin dan cairan kristaloid yang diberikan selama operasi juga dicatat. Data hasil penelitian diolah dengan menggunakan uji t, uji Mann Whitneydan uji Chi kuadrat.Hasil : Kekerapan hipotensi antara kelompok posisi duduk dan lateral dekubitus kiri tidak berbeda secara statistik meskipun lebih banyak terjadi pada kelompok lateral dekubitus kiri (67%) dibandingkan posisi duduk (51%). Posisi duduk mengalami hipotensi lebih lambat, derajat hipotensinya lebih rendah dan pemakaian efedrin yang lebih sedikit.Kesimpulan: Posisi tubuh saat penyuntikan that bupivakain hiperbarik 0,5% pada anestesia subarahnoid mempengaruhi derajat hipotensi yang terjadi pada kasus bedah sesar.

---

Backgrounds and objectives . Spinal anesthesia is one of the regional anesthesia technique frequently performed for cesarean section. Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% is the most frequent local anesthetic used for this technique. Spread of the hyperbaric local anesthetics is affected by the position of the patient and gravity. In the present study we evaluated the effect of maternal posture whether sitting position during the induction of spinal anesthesia using 05% hyperbaric bupivacaine would induce less hypotension as compared with the left lateral position.

Methods. Ninety pregnant women underwent cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive a spinal injection consisting of 12.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in either sitting or left lateral position. After 2 minutes, patients were turned to a 15 degrees left lateral position and intravenous infusion of 10 mllkgbodyweigh t of crystalloids was started for 10 minutes along with the induction of spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative blood pressure were recorded , in this study hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg or 20% below baseline values. The height of sensory block was measured, time to T6 spread of the sensory block and the highest level of sensory blockade were noted. Total given of ephedrine and crystalloids rntraopertive were also noted. Statistical evaluation was performed using t?test, Mann Whitney test and Chi square as appropriate.

Result : The incidence of hypotension was not significantly different between sitting and left lateral position but more often in lateral position (51% vs 67%). Sitting position group has longer interval of the first hypotension (p=0.008),less severe of hypotension (p=0.042), less ephedrine supplementation (p=0.014), and longer interval for reaching the T6 dermatome blockade (p <0,0001).

Conclusion: Maternal posture during induction of spinal anesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine has influence to severity of hypotension for cesarean section."

"Menggigil pasca anesthesia merupakan komplikasi yang potensial bagi pasien pasca bedah yang dapat mengakibatkan Iiipoksemia karena peningkatan konsumsi oksigen jaringan dan peningkatan kadar C02 dalam darah. Hal ini berbahaya tenriama bagi pasien dengan riwayat penyakit jantung iskemi atau pasien-pasien dengan fungsi cadangan ventilasi yang terbatas. Teiah banyak upaya pencegahan maupun penanggulangan dilakukan untuk mengatasi menggigil pasca anestesia, obat yang lazim digunakan adalah petidin. Penelitian terbaru juga menunjukkan bahwa ketamin juga efektif untuk mencegah menggigil pasca anestesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan apakah ketamin lebih efektif dibandingkan petidin untuk mencegah menggigil pasca anestesia inhalasi N20/02/isofluran, Penelitian ini bersifat uji klinis tersamar ganda yang membandingkan keefektifan ketamin intravena 0,5 mg/kb BB dengan petidin 0.35 mg/kg BB. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat RSCM dengan jumlah sampel 40, laki-laki dan perempuan, usia 16-65 tahun, status fisik ASA I-II. Kriteria penolakan adalah mempunyai riwayat alergi terhadap petidin dan ketamin, memiliki riwayat kejang, hipertensi dan penyakit jantung koroner, jika suhu tubuh sebelum induksi >38 °C atau <36°C dan bila pasien mengkonsumsi obat inhibitor monoamine oksidase. Kriteria pengeluaran jika operasi berlangsung >180 menit atau kurang dari 30 menit, mendapatkan darah atau komponen darah, memerlukan perawatan di ruang rawat intesif pasca pembedahan., mengalami komplikasi selamaanestesia seperti syok atau henti jantung dan bila intra operatif pasien mendapatkan obat klonidin, prostigmin, petidin dan ondansetron."

"Latar belakang. Kombinasi anestesi spinal bupivakain dan fentanil dengan penambahan klonidin dosis tinggi diketahui dapat memperpanjang durasi blok sensorik dan motorik, namun prevalensi timbulnya efek samping cukup tinggi. Dalam studi ini, kami menggunakan klonidin dosis rendah secara intratekal (30 mcg) sebagai adjuvan  bupivakain dan fentanil. Tujuan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan efektifitas serta efek samping pada kombinasi anestesi spinal bupivakain fentanil dengan dan tanpa klonidin 30 mcg. Metode. Penelitian studi potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 70 pasien seksio sesarea terbagi kedalam dua kelompok masing-masing 35 pasien yang mendapatkan kombinasi anestesi spinal dengan penambahan klonidin 30 mcg dan tanpa klonidin 30 mcg. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kualitas blok sensorik dan motorik. Efek samping yang terjadi diamati selama 24 jam paska tindakan seksio sesarea meliputi pruritus, mual muntah, nyeri tungkai, nyeri punggung dan mata merah. Hasil Penelitian. Median durasi blok sensorik kelompok kombinasi anestesi bupivakain fentanil dengan klonidin 30 mcg dibandingkan tanpa klonidin 30 mcg (330 menit vs 220 menit), Median durasi blok motorik (193 menit vs 188 menit). Efek samping tertinggi adalah mual muntah terdapat pada kelompok kombinasi tanpa klonidin 30 mcg (42.85%). Perbedaan bermakna (p-value < 0.05) terdapat pada durasi blok sensorik, blok motorik dan efek samping mual muntah. Kesimpulan. Penambahan klonidin 30 mcg pada kombinasi anestesi spinal bupivakain fentanil dapat memperpanjang durasi blok sensorik dan motorik serta meminimalisir efek samping dibandingkan dengan tanpa klonidin 30 mcg.

---

Background. The combination of the spinal anesthesia bupivacaine and fentanyl with the addition of high doses of clonidine are known to prolong the duration of sensory and motor blocks, but the prevalence of side effects is high. In this study, we used an intrathecally low dose of clonidine (30 mcg) as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and fentanyl.

Aim. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and side effects of the combination spinal anesthesia bupivacaine fentanyl with and without clonidine 30 mcg.

Method. Cross-sectional study conducted on 70 patients with cesarean section divided into two groups of 35 patients each who received a combination of spinal anesthesia with the addition of clonidine 30 mcg and without clonidine 30 mcg. This study evaluates the quality of the sensory and motor blocks. Side effects observed for 24 hours after cesarean section included pruritus, nausea, vomiting, leg pain, back pain and red eyes.

Result. Median sensory block duration in the combination group of the anesthetic bupivacaine fentanyl with clonidine 30 mcg compared without clonidine 30 mcg (330 min vs 220 min), Median motor block duration (193 min vs 188 min). The highest side effect was nausea and vomiting in the combination group without clonidine 30 mcg (42.85%). Significant differences (p-value <0.05) were found in the duration of sensory blocks, motor blocks and side effects of nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion. The addition of clonidine 30 mcg to the combination of spinal anesthesia bupivacaine fentanyl can prolong the duration of sensory and motor blocks and minimize side effects compared to 30 mcg without clonidine."

"Latar belakang : Penelitian ini membandingkan efek ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg + morfin 0,15 mg dengan ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg + morfin 0,15 mg untuk bedah sesar dengan analgesia spinal.Metode : Dilakukan secara acak tersamar Banda. Hipotesis yang dibuat adalah Ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg dengan morfin 0,15 mg intratekal, mempunyai mula kerja hambatan sensorik dan motorik yang sama dengan ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg ditambah morfin 0,15 mg intratekal, namun dengan masa kerja hambatan sensorik dan motorik lebih singkat, dan dapat digunakan untuk anestesia spinal pada bedah sesar. Sebanyak 66 wanita hamil yang akan menjalani beddah sesar, ASA I -- II diberikan ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg + morfin 0,15 mg (n=33) atau ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg + morfin 0,15 mg (n-33) dengan teknik blok subaraknoid. Perubahan blok sensorik diukur dengan tes pinprick, dan perubahan hambatan motorik diukur dengan modifikasi skala bomage, VAS diukur 3 kali.Basil : Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada data demografi kedua kelompok. Kelompok ropivakain 15 mg mempunyai penyebaran hambatan sensorik maksimal lebih tinggi (median [min-max]) : Th 4 (th 1 - 6) vs Th 5 (Th 2 -- 6), tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada mula kerja hambatan sensorik (median [min-max]) : 3,2 mnt (2 - 5 mnt) vs 3,0 (1- 5 mnt), tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada mula keija hambatan motorik (median [min-max]) : 3,3 mnt (1-10 mnt) vs 3 mnt (1-7 mnt), masa kerja hambatan sensorik lebih lama pada kelompok ropivakain 15 mg (median [min-max]) : 60 mnt (45 -120mnt) vs 52 mnt (30 - 103 mnt), masa kerja hambatan motorik lebih lama pada kelompok ropivakain 15 mg (median[min-max]) : 60 mnt (35-118 mnt) vs 57 mnt (32 -102 mnt), dan basil yang sama pada pengukuran VAS sebanyak 3 kali.Simpulan : Ropivakain hiperbarik 15 mg + morfin 0,15 mg dan ropivakain hiperbarik 12 mg + mofin 0,15 mg dapat digunakan untuk analgesia spinal untuk operasi bedah sesar.

---

Background This study was designed to evaluate the effects of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morln 0,15 mg and hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg in women undergoing cesarean section.Methods : This was a prospective, randomized, doubleblinded study. We hypothesized that hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphin 0,15 mg has the same onset of sensory and motoric block, with longer duration of sensory and motoric block with hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg. Sixtysix parturients, physical status ASA I - II were given either hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg (n=33) or hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg (n=33), for cesarean section with spinal analgesia. Changing of sensory block was assessed by pinprick test and motoric block was assessed by bromage score (modification). Visual analogue score was measured three times.Results : There were no significant differences in demographic variable between groups. Higher cephalic spread (median [range]) maximum block height to pinprick hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg compare hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg : Th 4 (th 1 - 6) vs Th 5 (Th 2 - 6), no significant difference of sensory block onset (median [range]) : 3,2 min (2 - 5 minutes) vs 3,0 (1 - 5 min), no significant difference of motoric block onset (median [range]) : 3,3 min (1-10 min) vs 3 min ( 1-7 min), longer sensoric block duration hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg compare to hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg (median [range]) : 60 min (45 -120min) vs 52 min (30 -- 103 min), longer motoric block duration in hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg compare hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg (median[range]) : 60 min (35-118 min) vs 57 min (32 - 102 min), and no significant difference in visual analogue score in three times measurements.Conclusion : Hyperbaric ropivacaine 15 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg and hyperbaric ropivacaine 12 mg plus morphine 0,15 mg are sufficient for spinal analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Manajemen jalan nafas merupakan salah satu tahap yang paling penting dalam bidang anestesiologi. Salah satu jenis Alat bantu jalan nafas yang telah dipergunakan secara luas adalah Laringeal Mask Airway (LMA/Sungkup Laring). Pada pemasangan sungkup laring tanpa menggunakan pelumpuh otot membutuhkan kedalaman anestesi yang cukup, Tes klinis yang mudah, akurat dan aplikatif diperlukan untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan trapezius squeezing test dan jaw thrust sebagai indikator kedalaman anestesi pada pemasangan sungkup laring dengan propofol sebagai agen induksiMetode. Sebanyak 128 pasien di randomisasi ke dalam 2 kelompok yaitu jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test. Seluruh pasien mendapatkan premedikasi dengan midazolam 0.05 mg/kgBB dan Fentanyl 1 mcg/kgBB. Induksi menggunakan propofol titrasi. Manuver jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test dilakukan setiap 15 detik. Saat respon motorik hilang dilakukan pemasangan sungkup laring. Dicatat keberhasilan pemasangan, dosis propofol, tekanan darah, laju jantung, dan insiden apneu.Hasil. Keberhasilan pada kelompok jaw thrust 93.8%, sedangkan trapezius squeezing test yang 90.6%. Penggunaan rerata propofol pada kelompok jaw thrust yaitu sebesar 120.34 mg, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test yaitu sebesar 111,86 mg. Insiden apneu yang pada kelompok jaw thrust terjadi pada 10 (15.6%) pasien, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test sebesar 11 (17.2%) pasien. Tidak terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti pada kelompok jaw thrust sedangkan sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti di menit ke 3 dan ke 4Kesimpulan. Trapezius squeezing test tidak lebih baik daripada jaw thrust sebagai indikator klinis dalam menilai kedalaman anestesia pada insersi sungkup laring.

---

ABSTRACTBackground. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.;Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion., Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.]"

"Latar belakang. Teknik Target Controlled Infusion untuk anestesia umum semakin banyak digunakan. Jumlah pasien geriatri yang harus menjalani prosedur operasi semakin bertambah, serta memerlukan pertimbangan khusus mengingat risiko operasi dan pembiusan yang lebih tinggi pada golongan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konsentrasi plasma (Cp) dan konsentrasi effect site (Ce) propofol menggunakan rumusan Marsh pada pasien geriatri ras Melayu di RSCM dengan dan tanpa pemberian premedikasi fentanil. Metode. Empat puluh pasien geriatri orang Indonesia Asli status fisik ASA 2, usia > 60 tahun dan BMI 18-30 kg/m2 dirandomisasi. Satu kelompok (20 pasien) mendapatkan Fentanil-Propofol, lainnya (20 pasien) mendapatkan NaCl-Propofol. Pemberian propofol menggunakan TCI rumusan Marsh dengan target konsentrasi plasma. Target Cp dimulai dari 1 µ/ml dinaikkan 1 µ/ml tiap menit sampai tercapai loss of consciousness (LoC) dan diteruskan sampai nilai BIS 45-60 selama 5 menit (steady state). Hasil. Pada kelompok Fentanil-Propofol saat LoC didapatkan Cp 3,15+0,35 µ/ml dan Ce 1,53+0,53 µ/ml dan saat BIS stabil didapatkan Cp 4,14+0,59 µ/ml dan Ce 2,63+0,60 µ/ml. Pada kelompok Nacl-Propofol saat LoC didapatkan Cp 4,20+0,61 µ/ml dan Ce 2,26+0,56 µ/ml dan saat BIS stabil didapatkan Cp 4,78+0,38 µ/ml dan Ce 3,30+0,52 µ/ml. Pasien-pasien yang mendapatkan fentanil terlebih dahulu memiliki Cp dan Ce yang lebih rendah baik saat LoC maupun saat nilai BIS stabil (P < 0,05). Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara Cp dan Ce propofol yang diberikan premedikasi fentanil dan yang tidak.

---

Background. The application of Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) technique in general anesthesia is progressively growing. Number of geriatric patients scheduled for operations increases every year, while this group needs special consideration following the higher risk of surgery and anesthesia. The purpose of our study was to compare the estimated plasma concentration (Cp) and the effect site concentration (Ce) of propofol using Marsh pharmacokinetic model for geriatric patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with and without the administration of fentanyl premedication.

Methods. Forty patients, physical status ASA 2, aged > 60, BMI 18-30 kg/m2 randomly assigned to a fentanyl-propofol group or a saline-propofol group. TCI propofol was initiated using Marsh pharmacokinetic model. Initial plasma concentration in each group was 1 µ/ml and increased by 1 µ/ml every minute until there was no eyelash reflex, which defined as loss of consciousness (LoC). Propofol plasma concentration was increased and decreased to reach a stable BIS value between 45-60, considered as Cp and Ce at steady state.

Results. In the fentanyl-propofol group the estimated Cp at loss of consciousness was 3,15+0,35 µ/ml and Ce 1,53+0,53 µ/ml. At steady state, Cp was 4,14+0,59 µ/ml and Ce 2,63+0,60 µ/ml. In the saline-propofol group Cp 4,20+0,61 µ/ml and Ce 2,26+0,56 µ/ml. At steady state, Cp was 4,78+0,38 µ/ml and Ce 3,30+0,52 µ/ml. The estimated Cp and Ce in the fentanyl-propofol group were lower than saline-propofol group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. There is a significant difference between Cp and Ce in the salinepropofol group and fentanyl-propofol group."