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Hernawan
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang. Perkembangan teknologi dan meningkatnya peran penggunaan
tangan di bidang industri, rumah tangga dan perkantoran akan meningkatkan
angka kejadian STK. Hal ini akan memiliki dampak negatif di bidang medis,
sosial dan ekonomi. Pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi (USG) berguna sebagai
penunjang dalam mendiagnosis STK. Kemajuan dalam kualitas dan portabilitas
USG telah menempatkan USG sebagai alat pilihan dalam penelitian dan
penerapan klinis di bidang neurologi. USG mudah dijumpai di pelayanan
kesehatan, memiliki biaya yang murah, waktu pemeriksaan yang singkat dan tidak
invasif, serta memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang cukup baik dalam
mendiagnosis STK
Metode. Desain penelitian berupa studi potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah
pasien Poliklinik Neurologi RSCM yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.
Subyek diperoleh secara konsekutif. Pada subyek dilakukan wawancara, pengisian
kuesioner, pemeriksan fisik, elektroneurografi dan ultrasonografi di Poliklinik
Neurologi RSCM. Dilakukan analisis data menggunakan perangkat SPSS 17.0
Hasil. Diperoleh 58 subyek tangan yang masuk kriteria inklusi. Sensitivitas dan
spesifisitas kombinasi gambaran klinis dan USG adalah 86,04% dan 73,33%.
Sedangkan akurasi kombinasi gambaran klinis dan USG sebesar 82,75%.
Terdapat kesesuaian antara pemeriksaan kombinasi klinis dan USG dengan
kombinasi klinis dan elektroneurografi dalam mendeteksi STK (kappa = 0,70).
Kesimpulan. Nilai sensitivitas kombinasi gambaran klinis dan USG sama dengan
elektroneurografi. Sedangkan spesifisitas kombinasi gambaran klinis dan USG
lebih rendah daripada elektroneurografi. Kombinasi gambaran klinis dan USG
dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pemeriksan dalam mendiagnosis STK

ABSTRACT
Background. Technological development and the increased use of hands in the
fields of industrial, household and office space will increase the prevalence of
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). This will have a negative impact on medical
science, social and economic. Ultrasonography (USG) is useful to support
diagnosis of CTS. Progress in the quality and portability of ultrasound has placed
ultrasound as a chosen instrument in research and clinical application in the field
of neurology. USG is easily found at the health centers, has a lower cost, a short
examination time and not invasive, as well as having superior specificity and
sensitivity is good enough in diagnosing CTS.
Method. A cross-sectional sectional study was conducted. The research subject
were patients of the Neurology Clinic of RSCM Hospital who meet all of the
inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Result. Fifthy eight hands were included in this study. The sensitivity and
specificity of the combination of clinical features and ultrasonography were
86.04% and 73.33%. While, the accuracy of the combination of clinical features
and ultrasonography was 82.75%. There is a conformity between the combination
of clinical features and ultrasound with a combination of clinical picture and
electroneurography in diagnosing CTS (kappa = 0.70)
Conclusion. The combination of clinical features and ultrasonography has similar
sensitivity with electroneurography. Meanwhile, the specificity of the
combination of clinical features and ultrasonography is inferior to
electroneurography. Thus, the combination of clinical features and
ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to electroneurography in diagnosing
CTS."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2012
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Gryselda
"Latar belakang: Tangan adalah alat yang sangat penting untuk melakukan berbagai gerakan. Adanya kelainan pada fungsi tangan dapat menyebabkan terganggunya aktivitas seseorang. Sindrom terowongan karpal merupakan salah satu penyakit neurologis pada tangan yang paling sering ditemui.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai skala status fungsi pada pasien dengan sindrom terowongan karpal di Departemen Rehabilitasi Medik Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah rekam medis pasien sindrom terowongan karpal dari Departemen Rehabilitasi Medik Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pengambilan data dimulai dari Januari 2014 sampai Januari 2015. Dari sebanyak 106 pasien sindrom terowongan karpal yang ditemukan, sebanyak 13 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian ini.
Hasil: Dari total 13 pasien (20 tangan), ditemukan bahwa perempuan (76,9%), kelompok umur 46-55 tahun (46,2%), normal BMI (53,8%), pasien yang bekerja di bidang administrasi (38,5%), keterlibatan tangan bilateral (53,8%) dan pasien dengan sindrom terowongan karpal derajat 3 (35%) berkontribusi untuk persentase tertinggi pasien sindrom terowongan karpal dalam penelitian ini.

Background: Hands are extremely important organs that help us to do various movements. Any abnormalities on the function of the hand could negatively affect a person?s activities. Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common neurological defect that affect hands.
Aim: This study was conducted to know the value of functional status scale of carpal tunnel syndrome patients in Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This study was conducted with cross-sectional method. The source of data in this study was medical records of carpal tunnel syndrome patients in Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The data was nested from January 2014 to January 2015. From 106 carpal tunnel syndrome patients found, 13 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this research.
Results: From a total of 13 patients (20 hands), it was found that female (76.9%), age group of 46-55 years old (46.2%), normal BMI (53.8%), office administrator (38.5%), bilateral hand involvement (53.8%) and patients with carpal tunnel syndrome grade 3 (35%) contribute for the highest percentage of carpal tunnel syndrome patients in this study."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rahmat Cahyanur
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Adenoma hipofisis merupakan tumor intrakranial yang berasal dari jaringan hipofisis anterior. Manifestasi klinis yang ditimbulkan terkait dengan pendesakan massa dan gangguan sekresi hormon. Salah satu gangguan hormonal yang ditimbulkan adalah hipotiroidisme sekunder. Hipotiroidisme sekunder terkait dengan penurunan kualitas hidup serta peningkatan risiko kardiovaskular.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi hipotiroidisme sekunder dan gambaran klinis pasien adenoma hipofisis.
Metode : Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta dalam kurun waktu tahun 2007-2012. Data demografis pasien (usia, jenis kelamin), karakteristik klinis, jenis adenoma, data radiologis, serta hasil pemeriksaan hormon (T4 bebas dan TSH) dievaluasi pada peneltian ini.
Hasil : Selama kurun waktu 2007-2012 terdapat 63 pasien adenoma hipofisis di RSCM. Sebanyak 45 pasien memiliki data yang lengkap dan diikutsertakan sebagai subyek pada penelitian ini. Sebagian besar subyek adalah wanita (62,2%). Keluhan utama subyek adalah gangguan penglihatan (55,6%). Gejala atau tanda yang sering ditemukan adalah sakit kepala (86,7%), gangguan penglihatan (77,8%). Pada subyek wanita manifestasi yang pertama kali muncul adalah gangguan penglihatan dan gangguan fungsi seksual (39,3% dan 32,1%). Usia gejala pertama kali muncul lebih muda pada kelompok adenoma fungsional dibandingkan non fungsional (32,9 vs. 40,6). Hampir seluruh kasus yang ditemukan adalah makroadenoma (97,8%). Proporsi subyek yang mengalami hipotiroidisme sekunder adalah 40%. Subyek dengan hipotiroidisme sekunder lebih banyak mengeluhkan gangguan penglihatan dan gangguan ereksi.
Simpulan : Gangguan penglihatan adalah keluhan utama yang sering ditemukan. Pada subyek wanita, keluhan gangguan fungsi seksual bersama dengan gangguan penglihatan adalah manifestasi yang pertama kali muncul. Proporsi hipotiroidisme sekunder pada penelitian ini adalah 40,0 %. Subyek dengan hipotiroidisme sekunder lebih banyak mengeluhkan gangguan penglihatan, gangguan ereksi.

ABSTRACT
Background : Pituitary adenoma is intracranial neoplasm that arise from anterior pituitary tissue. Clinical manifestations are caused by mass effect and hormonal secretion disorder. One of the hormonal disorder is secondary hypothyroidism. Secondary hypothyroidism is related with increased cardiovascular morbidity and decreased quality of life.
Objectives: This study described the proportion of secondary hypothyroidism and and clinical features of pituitary adenoma patients.
Methods: This study was a cross sectional study. Data were collected from medical record in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, from 2007 to 2012. Demographic data (age, gender), clinical characteristic, radiological result, adenoma type, and hormonal evaluation (free T4 and TSH) were evaluated.
Result : During 2007-2012 there were 63 patients with pituitary adenoma in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.There were 43 patientswho fulfilled the study criteria. Majority of patients were female (62,2%). Visual disturbance was the most common presenting symptom (55,6%). Headache and visual disturbance were symptoms that commonly found, respectively (86,7% and 77,8%). Female subjects suffered visual disturbance and sexual dysfunction as their first occured symptoms, 39,3% and 32,1% respectively. Age at first symptom was younger in the subjects with functional adenoma compared non functional (32,9 vs. 40,6). Almost all cases were macroadenoma (97,8%). Secondary Hypothyroidism proportionin this study was 40 %. Subjects with secondary hypothyroidism had higher frequencies of visual distrubance and erectile dysfunction.
Summary : Visual disturbance is most common presenting symptom. Female subjects tend to had visual disturbance and sexual dysfunction as their first symptom. Secondary Hypothyroidism proportion in this study was 40 %. Subjects with secondary hypothyroidism had larger tumor diameter. Visual disturbance and erectile dysfunction commonly found in subjects with secondary hypothyroidism."
2013
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fahriyani
"Latar belakang : penegakkan diagnosis TB paru pada pasien HIV dapat dilakukan berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikrobiologis dan klinis. Rekomendasi WHO 2007, memperbolehkan penegakan diagnosis berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan klinis dengan dan tanpa melalui pemeriksaan mikrobiologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan perbedaan karakteristik gambaran radiografi toraks pasien HIV dengan TB paru yang didiagnosis berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikrobiologis dan klinis.
Metode : Penelitian ini adalah comparative cross sectional study. Subyek penelitian diambil secara consecutive dan dipilih berdasarkan catatan hasil pemeriksaan BTA sputum, kultur, Genexpert®, CD4+, dan radiografi toraks. Subyek penelitian dikelompokkan menjadi mikrobiologis dan klinis. Dilakukan pembacaan ulang radiografi toraks.
Hasil : gambaran radiografi toraks dengan frekuensi terbanyak pada kelompok diagnosis mikrobiologis adalah infiltrat/konsolidasi, fibroinfiltrat, limfadenopati, kavitas dan kalsifikasi. Sisanya efusi pleura, milier, fibrosis, bronkiektasis, pneumotoraks dan normal. Pada kelompok diagnosis klinis, gambaran radiografi toraks dengan frekuensi terbanyak adalah infiltrat/konsolidasi, kavitas, limfadenopati, fibroinfiltrat dan sisanya kalsifikasi, efusi pleura, milier, fibrosis, bronkiektasis, dan normal. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna karakteristik gambaran radiografi toraks fibroinfiltrat pada kelompok diagnosis mikrobiologis dan klinis. Frekuensi fibroinfiltrat terbanyak adalah di kelompok mikrobiologis dengan sebaran lokasi tersering di lapangan atas paru.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan bermakna karakteristik gambaran radiografi toraks fibroinfiltrat pada kelompok diagnosis mikrobiologis dan klinis dengan lokasi tersering di lapangan atas paru.

Background : To diagnose Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV patient can be done based on microbiology examination and clinically. WHO 2007 recommendation, allowing diagnosis based on clinical examination with and without microbiological examination. This study aims to obtain the different characteristics of chest radiographs of HIV patients with pulmonary TB were diagnosed based on clinical and microbiological examination.
Methods : This study is a comparative cross-sectional study. Subjects were taken consecutively and selected based on the results of sputum smear examination, culture, Genexpert®, CD4+, and chest x-ray. The study subjects were grouped into microbiological and clinical. Then we do expertise review.
Results : The most chest x-ray finding in the microbiological group is infiltrates/ consolidation. Following by fibroinfiltrat, lymphadenopathy, cavities and calcification. The rest are pleural effusion, miliary, fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pneumothorax and normal . In the group of clinical diagnosis, the highest frequency chest x-ray finding is infiltrates/ consolidation. Following by cavities, lymphadenopathy, fibroinfiltrat and the rest are calcification, pleural effusion, miliary, fibrosis, bronchiectasis and normal. There is significant differences of fibroinfiltrat on microbiological and clinical diagnosis groups. The highest frequency of fibroinfiltrat is in the microbiological group with the most common sites in the upper of the lung field.
Conclusions : There is significant differences of fibroinfiltrat on microbiological and clinical diagnosis groups with the most common sites in the upper lung field.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nelly Susanto
"Tujuan: Untuk menilai tingkat sensitifitas dan spesifisitas ultrasonografi (USG) resolusi tinggi terhadap elektromiografi (EMG) dalam mendiagnosis sindroma terowongan karpal (STK).
Bahan dan Cara: Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik dari 30 pasien (44 sampel) dengan klinis sindroma terowongan karpal yang dilakukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi resolusi tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan elektrorniografi sebagai baku emas. Kriteria diagnosis USG resolusi tinggi dibuat berdasarkan penemuan yang dilakukan oleh Calleja Cancho dick., Buchberger dick, serta Mesgarzadeh dick.
Hasil: Dari perhitungan statistik didapatkan nilai sensitifitas, spesifisitas dan Kappa USG resolusi tinggi terhadap EMG adalah 97,1%, 60% dan 0,84.
Kesimpulan: USG resolusi tinggi sensitif dalam mendiagnosis STK namun tidak spesifik. Didapatkan korelasi yang baik antara USG resolusi tinggi dan EMG.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the high resolution ultrasonography as compare to electromyography to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
Methods: This cross sectional study evaluated the high resolution sonography of 30 consecutive patients (44 samples) with clinical CTS as compare with the electromyography as gold standard. The criteria used in the diagnosis of CTS with high resolution sonography was based on the findings as reported by Calleja Cancho et.al., Buchberger et.al., and Mesgarzadeh et.al.
Results: Based on the statistics computation, we noted that the sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value are 97,1%, 60% and 0.84, respectively, for high resolution sonography as compare with the electromyography.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rozi Abdullah
"Infeksi merupakan komplikasi serius dan umum terjadi pada pasien di ruang rawat intensif rumah sakit. Pasien di ruang rawat intensif sering mengalami kondisi kritis dan imunosupresi yang membuat mereka rentan terhadap berbagai infeksi, termasuk yang disebabkan oleh patogen yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Seringkali, penyebab infeksi tidak dapat langsung diidentifikasi, sehingga pemberian antibiotik empiris harus dilakukan, di mana antibiotik diberikan berdasarkan pengalaman klinis dan pengetahuan tentang patogen yang kemungkinan besar terlibat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola kuman dan kesesuaian pemberian antibiotik empiris dengan hasil uji sensitivitas kuman, serta menganalisis hubungan kesesuaian hasil uji sensitivitas kuman dengan perbaikan klinis pada pasien yang mendapatkan antibiotik empiris di ruang rawat intensif rumah sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo periode 2022. an observasional yang dilakukan secara potong lintang (cross-sectional) pada penggunaan antibiotik empiris pada pasien ruang rawat intensif Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode 2022. Data yang diambil adalah data rekam medis pasien yang dirawat di ruang rawat intensif periode Januari- Desember 2022 yang terdiri dari ICU Dewasa (Kanigara) dan ICU IGD RSCM. Perbaikan klinis setelah pemberian terapi antibiotik empiris dinilai dari penurunan jumlah leukosit, penurunan kadar prokalsitonin, perbaikan skor National Early Warning Score (NEWS) pada 0-48 jam setelah antiobiotik empiris dihentikan. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan Uji Chi Square, dengan nilai p signifikansi <0,05. Analisis multivariat dilakukan pada faktor perancu dengan Uji Regresi Logistik.

            Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 107 penggunaan antibiotik empiris. Hasil uji sensitivitas kuman pada pasien yang mendapatkan antibiotik empiris menunjukkan bahwa Klebsiella pneumonia dan Acinetobacter sp. adalah kuman yang paling banyak ditemukan, dengan tingkat sensitivitas yang rendah terhadap antibiotik di bawah 40% pada sebagian besar hasil uji sensitivitas kuman. Didapatkan jumlah kesesuaian antibiotik empiris dengan hasil uji sensitivitas kuman lebih tinggi pada kategori tidak sesuai sebanyak 62,62% (n=67). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kesesuaian hasil uji sensitivitas kuman dengan perbaikan klinis pada pasien (p<0,05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik empiris dengan hasil uji sensitivitas memiliki signifikansi secara statistik terhadap perbaikan klinis (OR 5,26 (1,46-18,95), p = 0,011).

            Penggunaan antibiotik empiris di ruang rawat intensif sebagian besar tidak sesuai dengan hasil uji sensitivitas kuman. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kesesuaian hasil uji sensitivitas kuman dengan perbaikan klinis pada pasien. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pemilihan antibiotik empiris yang tepat berdasarkan pola kuman dan hasil uji sensitivitas kuman untuk meningkatkan efektivitas perawatan di ruang rawat intensif.


Infections are a serious and common complication in patients in hospital intensive care units. Patients in intensive care often experience critical conditions and immunosuppression, making them vulnerable to various infections, including those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Often, the cause of the infection cannot be immediately identified, necessitating the administration of empirical antibiotics, where antibiotics are given based on clinical experience and knowledge of the most likely involved pathogens. This study aims to determine the pattern of pathogens and the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic administration with the results of pathogen sensitivity tests, as well as to analyze the relationship between the appropriateness of pathogen sensitivity test results and clinical improvement in patients receiving empirical antibiotics in the intensive care unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital for the period of 2022.

            This study is an observational cross-sectional research on the use of empirical antibiotics in intensive care patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the 2022 period. The data collected were medical record data of patients treated in the intensive care unit from January to December 2022, consisting of the Adult ICU (Kanigara) and the Emergency Department ICU of RSCM. Clinical improvement after the administration of empirical antibiotic therapy was assessed from the decrease in leukocyte count, the decrease in procalcitonin levels, and the improvement of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) within 0-48 hours after the empirical antibiotics were discontinued. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square Test, with a significance value of p<0.05. Multivariate analysis was performed on confounding factors using Logistic Regression Test.

            In this study, 107 uses of empirical antibiotics were found. Pathogen sensitivity tests in patients receiving empirical antibiotics showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter sp. were the most commonly found pathogens, with a low level of sensitivity to antibiotics below 40% in most pathogen sensitivity test results. In addition, the number of appropriate empirical antibiotics with the results of pathogen sensitivity tests was higher in the inappropriate category by 62.62% (n=67). There was a significant relationship between the appropriateness of pathogen sensitivity test results and clinical improvement in patients (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed statistical significance (OR = 5,26 (1,46-18,95), p-value = 0.011).

            The use of empirical antibiotics in the intensive care unit was mostly not in accordance with the results of pathogen sensitivity tests. There was a significant relationship between the appropriateness of pathogen sensitivity test results and clinical improvement in patients. These findings affirm the importance of selecting the appropriate empirical antibiotics based on the pattern of pathogens and the results of pathogen sensitivity tests to enhance the effectiveness of care in the intensive care unit.

"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2024
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Irma Suryati
"Latar belakang. Karsinoma nasofaring merupakan penyakit yang masih menempati urutan tertinggi di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Kasus baru karsinoma nasofaring di poli Onkologi THT RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 164 kasus, dan pada tahun 2015 sekitar 142 kasus, namun sayangnya hampir seluruh kasus sudah datang pada stadium lanjut. Keberhasilan terapi karsinoma nasofaring sangat ditentukan oleh stadium saat pasien terdiagnosis, sehingga sangat penting mendiagnosis KNF sedini mungkin. Narrrow band imaging merupakan alat endoskopi dengan sistem pencahayan yang dapat meningkatkan visualisasi pembuluh darah tumor ganas yang mengenai epitel mukosa.
Tujuan. NBI diharapkan dapat membantu para klinisi untuk menilai lesi ganas atau tidak sehingga perlu diketahui nilai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas NBI.
Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang berupa uji diagnostik yang dilakukan di Unit Rawat Jalan Terpadu THT-KL RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Januari-Juni 2016 dengan melibatkan 56 subjek. Subjek dengan kecurigaan karsinoma nasofaring dan ditemukan massa nasofaring berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisik atau pencitraan akan dimasukkan sebagai subjek dan dilakukan pemeriksaan NBI dan dilakukan biopsi lokal.
Hasil. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat dibuat kesimpulan bahwa NBI dapat digunakan sebagai alat penapisan karsinoma nasofaring dengan nilai sensitifitas yang tinggi (100%) walaupun nilai spesifisitasnya rendah (6,7%).

Background. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a disease with the highest rank in developing countries like Indonesia. New cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in ENT Oncology outpatient clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital in 2014 was 164 cases, and in 2015 around 142 cases, but unfortunately almost all cases has come at an advanced stage. The success of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment is largely determined by the stage when patients are diagnosed, it is important to diagnose NPC as early as possible. Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an endoscopic instrument with a light system that can improve the visualization of blood vessels on the mucosal epithelium malignant tumors.
Aim. NBI is expected to help clinicians to assess whether a lesion is malignant or not, it is important to know the value of sensitivity and specificity.
Methode. This study is a cross-sectional form of a diagnostic test which was performed in the Outpatient Clinic ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January to June 2016, where 56 subjects were involved. Subjects with nasopharyngeal mass discovered by physical examination or imaging and suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma will be included as a subject and NBI examination and biopsy was performed locally.
Result. Based on this research, NBI could be used as a screening tool for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with high sensitivity (100%) though with low specificity result (6,7%).
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nia Astarina
"Latar belakang: Clostridium difficile merupakan bakteri anaerob gram positif yang sering menyebabkan diare pada pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Manifestasi klinis diare karena C. difficile bervariasi dapat berupa diare ringan sampai keadaan klinis yang berat seperti kolitis, komplikasi megakolon toksik, perforasi, serta syok. Faktor risiko yang berperan meningkatkan diare karena C. difficile salah satunya adalah pengunaan antibiotik namun masih dapat disebabkan oleh hal lainnya. Penelitian ini merupakan studi untuk mengetahui prevalens, faktor risiko, dan gambaran klinis diare karena C. difficile pada anak. Metode: Penelitian ini merukapan studio potong lintang, dilakukan pada pasien 105 anak dengan keluhan diare di Poliklinik Anak dan ruang rawat inap pada bulan Mei 2019 sampai Januari 2020 dengan mendeteksi antigen toksin A/B C. difficile menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: Prevalens diare pada anak karena C. difficile sebesar 13,3%.Usia kurang dari 2 tahun meningkatkan risiko kejadian diare karena C. difficile 3,84 kali dibandingkan dengan pasien usia lebih dari 2 tahun dan penggunaan PPI atau H2 antagonis meningkatkan risiko terjadinya diare karena C. difficile 5,48 kali dibandingan dengan kelompok yang tidak menggunakan PPI atau H2 antagonis. Semua subyek menderita diare karena C. difficile memiliki riwayat penggunaan antibiotik. Golongan sefalosporin merupakan antibiotik yang dominan terkait dengan diare karena C. difficile (92,9%), diikuti aminoglikosida 7,1%. Gambaran klinis pasien diare karena C. difficile pada penelitian ini sebagian besar mengalami frekuensi diare 6-9 kali/24 jam, lama diare 14 hari,  nyeri perut, diare dengan dehridrasi berat ataupun ringan, leukosit tinja 10/LPB, dan terdapat darah samar tinja. Diagnosis penyakit yang mendasari pada penelitian ini meliputi infeksi paru 4 subyek, penyakit lain (kongenital dan malnutrisi) 4 subyek,  penyakit hematologi dan onkologi 3 subyek, penyakit imunologi 2 subyek, dan neurologi 1 subyek. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan PPI atau H2 antagonis serta usia kurang dari 2 tahun meningkatkan risiko kejadian diare karena C. difficile. Semua subyek yang mengalami diare karena C. difficile memiliki riwayat penggunaan antibiotik lebih dari tujuh hari.

Background and aim: Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that often causes diarrhea in patients who are hospitalized. Clinical manifestations of diarrhea due to C. difficile can vary from mild diarrhea to severe clinical conditions such as colitis, toxic megacolon complications, perforation, and shock. Risk factors that play a role in increasing diarrhea due to C. difficile one of which is the use of antibiotics but can still be caused by other things. This study is a study to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical picture of diarrhea due to C. difficile in children. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted on 105 pediatric patients with diarrhea complaints in the Children's Polyclinic and inpatients in May 2019 to January 2020 by detecting C. difficile A/B toxin antigen using the ELISA method. Results: The prevalence of diarrhea in children due to C. difficile is 13.3%. Age less than 2 years increased the risk of occurrence of diarrhea due to C. difficile 3,84 times compared with patients aged more than 2 years and the use of PPI or H2 antagonists increased the risk of diarrhea due to C. difficile 5,48 times compared to the group who did not use PPI or H2 antagonists. All subjects suffered from diarrhea due to C. difficile had a history of antibiotic use. Cephalosporins are the dominant antibiotics associated with diarrhea due to C. difficile (92.9%), followed by aminoglycosides 7.1%. The clinical features of diarrhea patients due to C. difficile in this study are the frequency of diarrhea 6-9 times/24 hours, duration of diarrhea 14 days, abdominal pain, diarrhea with severe or mild dehridration, stool leukocytes 10/LPB, and fecal faint blood. Diagnosis of the underlying disease in this study included 4 subjects lung infection, other diseases (congenital and malnutrition) 4 subjects, hematological and oncological diseases 3 subjects, immunological diseases 2 subjects, and neurology 1 subject.
Conclusion: The use of PPI or H2 antagonists and age less than 2 years increases the risk of diarrhea due to C. difficile. All subjects who had diarrhea due to C. difficile had a history of antibiotic use for more than seven days.
"
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Diana Rahmi
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di
negara berkembang karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang masih tinggi. Diare
dapat disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri dan parasit yang penting diketahui untuk
memberikan tatalaksana yang tepat, namun saat ini belum ada data mengenai
bakteri penyebab diare di Indonesia.
Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran klinis anak dengan diare akut dan mengetahui
jenis bakteri enteropatogen penyebab diare akut dengan menggunakan real-time
PCR di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada anak dengan diare akut berusia 1-15
tahun di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Hasil: Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 subyek dengan diare akut. Sebagian
besar berusia 1-3 tahun, status gizi baik, berasal dari ibu dengan pendidikan
sedang dengan status ekonomi keluarga menengah rendah, sebagian besar belum
mendapat antibiotik sebelum ke rumah sakit tetapi sudah mendapat cairan
rehidrasi oral. Gambaran klinis diare akut akibat infeksi bakteri yaitu frekuensi
diare ≤5X/hari (p=0,018), tanpa leukositosis feses (p=0,015) dan malabsorpsi
lemak (p=0,031). Sebaran infeksi bakteri patogen penyebab diare akut
berdasarkan real-time PCR sebagai berikut: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subyek,
Escherichia coli patogen 17 subyek yang terdiri dari EPEC 9 subyek, EIEC 5
subyek dan ETEC 3 subyek. Infeksi bakteri campuran pada subyek sebagai
berikut: EPEC+EIEC 2 subyek , C.jejuni+EPEC 1 subyek, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC
1 subyek dan C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subyek.
Simpulan: Sebagian besar diare terjadi pada usia 1-3 tahun dengan status pasien
gizi baik dengan status keluarga menengah rendah. Sekitar 48% anak dengan
diare akut didapatkan bakteri dari hasil real-time PCR feses dengan proporsi
terbanyak yaitu EPEC, diikuti Campylobacter jejuni, EIEC dan ETEC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countries
due to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria
and parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,
but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia.
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acute
diarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acute
diarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stool
specimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea and
tested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.
Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritional
status, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have not
received antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydration
fluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection is
diarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.
From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by
real-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrhea
by real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenic
Escherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjects
and ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2
subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject and
C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject.
Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional
status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children
with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCR
stool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,
EIEC and ETEC.
;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countries
due to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria
and parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,
but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia.
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acute
diarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acute
diarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stool
specimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea and
tested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.
Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritional
status, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have not
received antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydration
fluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection is
diarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.
From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by
real-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrhea
by real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenic
Escherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjects
and ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2
subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject and
C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject.
Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional
status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children
with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCR
stool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,
EIEC and ETEC.
;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countries
due to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria
and parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,
but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia.
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acute
diarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acute
diarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stool
specimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea and
tested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.
Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritional
status, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have not
received antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydration
fluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection is
diarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.
From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by
real-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrhea
by real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenic
Escherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjects
and ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2
subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject and
C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject.
Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional
status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children
with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCR
stool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,
EIEC and ETEC.
"
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nike Dewi Anggraini
"Osteogenesis imperfekta (OI) merupakan adalah penyakit genetik kelainan jaringan ikat berupa kerapuhan tulang dan fraktur berulang tanpa adanya trauma yang signifikan. Terdapat berbagai karakteristik klinis yang khas untuk mendiagnosis OI. Terapi bisfosfonat merupakan terapi utama pada OI yang bermanfaat untuk menurunkan insiden patah tulang agar tercapai kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik klinis dan luaran terapi bisfosfonat pada pasien anak dengan OI di RSCM. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara potong lintang terhadap 71 pasien OI berusia 0-18 tahun di RSCM pada 16-22 November 2020. Data diambil melalui kuesioner daring yang diisi oleh orangtua atau wali. Karakteristik klinis OI mencakup sklera biru (83%) dan patah tulang pada 69 (97%) pasien dengan lokasi paling banyak di tulang femur (66,2%). Hanya terdapat 18 subyek yang sudah melakukan pemeriksaan pendengaran dengan 4 (22%) diantaranya terdapat gangguan pendengaran. Klasifikasi klinis OI paling banyak adalah tipe berat (57%). Enam puluh lima subyek mengalami patahtulang di usia kurang dari 6 tahun termasuk intrauterin dan perinatal. Sebanyak 95,8% subyek mendapatkan terapi bisfosfonat dan hampir seluruhnya diberikan rutin setiap 6 bulan. Terdapat penurunan median kejadian patah tulang sebelum terapi bisfosfonat sebanyak 3,5 kejadian/tahun menjadi satu kejadian/tahun setelah terapi bisfosfonat. Terapi bisfosfonat dapat menurunkan angka kejadian patah tulang setiap tahun.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of connective tissue causing bone fragility and fractures in the absence of significant trauma. There are many typical clinical features of OI. Bisphosphonate therapy is the main therapy which significantly decreases fracture rate for better quality of life. This study was aimed to observe the clinical features and outcomes of bisphosphonate therapy in pediatric OI patients. A cross sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) in the period of November 16th-22nd 2020. There were 71 patients aged 0-18 years old included for study analysis. Data were obtained from online questionnaire which was filled by their parents or guardians. The clinical features observed were blue sclera (83%) and fractures which occurred in 69 (97%) patients with the most common location was femur (66.2%). There were only 18 patients who underwent hearing examination and 4 of them (22%) had hearing problem. Most patients had severe OI classification (57%). Sixty-five patients had first fracture when their age <6 years old, including intrauterine and perinatal fractures. A total of 95.8% patients had received bisphosphonate therapy and almost all of patients had received treatment every 6 month. There was a decrease in the number of fractures from 3.5 events/year (before bisphosphonate therapy) to 1 event/year after bisphosphonate therapy. The outcome of bisphosphonate therapy was significant in terms of fracture incidence reduction. Bisphosphonate therapy was able to reduce fracture incidence per year."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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