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"The principle of military necessity, in its role as a fundamental legal princnnle underlining international humanitarian law, has been firmly rooted in international law. That is not necessarily the case, however, with its rote as circumstance precluding wrongfulness for violations of humanitarian law norms, much disparity exist among authors and states about the elements, scope, and limitations to its role as preclusion. This article intends to clarify as to what extent the principle of military necessity can operate in the sphere of positive IHL norms."

"Wartawan yang berada di wilayah konflik bersenjata internasional memegang peranan penting, yaitu untuk menyampaikan informasi kepada dunia mengenai peristiwa yang terjadi dalam konflik langsung dari tempat kejadian. Namun dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan mereka tersebut, wartawan dan pekerja media yang melakukan liputan di wilayah konflik bersenjata internasional seringkali menghadapi berbagai resiko berbahaya. Mereka dapat menjadi korban dalam serangan militer ataupun tindakan kekerasan lainnya. Skripsi ini akan membahas mengenai perlindungan yang diberikan terhadap wartawan dalam konflik bersenjata internasional berdasarkan hukum humaniter internasional serta penerapannya. Wartawan yang berada dalam wilayah konflik bersenjata internasional memperoleh perlindungan sebagai warga sipil. Hukum humaniter internasional memberikan perlindungan bagi wartawan dalam konflik bersenjata internasional ke dalam dua konsepsi. Pertama, perlindungan terhadap wartawan perang (war correspondents) dalam Pasal 4A ayat (4) Geneva Convention III 1949, relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, yang kedua, perlindungan terhadap wartawan yang melaksanakan misi-misi profesional yang berbahaya dalam Pasal 79 Additional Protocol I 1977. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dimana sumber data diperoleh dari data sekunder dan dianalisis secara kualitatif.

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Journalists covering an international armed conflict play an important role, as they are the one who can be on the spot to look for information and communicate it to the public.Journalists covering armed conflicts have always had to face dangerous situations, they are exposed to the phyisical danger of war, they can be the victims of the direct effects of hostilities and arbitrary acts. The aim of this thesis to elucidate the legal protection granted to journalists in international armed conflict according to international humanitarian law. International humanitarian law gives protection to journalists in two different ways. First, the Third Geneva Conventions relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of Wars covers war correspondents. Secondly, th 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions delas specifically with journalists engaged in dangerous professionaal missions in areas of armed conflict. Both treaties apply to international armed conflicts. A journalist covering an international armed conflict is considered a civilian, therefore an attack toward journalist in armed conflict is a grave breach."