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"ABSTRACTA series of new 4,5-dihydro-6-oxo-1,2,4-triazino[4,5-b]1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines were synthesized by the reaction of methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylate and the appropriate hydrazonoyl halide in presence of triethylamine. The structures of the title compounds have been established by their elemental analyses and spectroscopecal data. The microbial features of some of the synthesized compounds were studiedby a known method. "

"Senyawa derivat spirooxindole merupakan senyawa heterosiklik, yang memilikiaktivitas biologi dan peran dalam farmasi karena kerangkanya. Sintesis derivatsenyawa spirooxindole dilakukan dengan sistem reaksi multikomponen (MCR), yangterdiri dari dua tahapan reaksi, yaitu kondensasi Knovenagel dan reaksi adisi-Michael. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis derivat senyawaspirooxindole dengan menggunakan nano TiO2/SiO2 sebagai katalis serta melakukanuji aktivitas antioksidan. Katalis nano TiO2/SiO2 disintesis menggunakan metode solgeldan dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR, XRD, EDS, serta TEM. Selanjutnya, katalisdigunakan untuk sintesis derivat senyawa spirooxindole. Kondisi optimal diperolehdengan menggunakan 12,5% mol katalis TiO2/SiO2 pada suhu 50oC selama 4 jamdalam pelarut etanol dengan persen yield sebesar 86,81%. Kondisi reaksi tersebutdapat pula diterapkan pada prekursor lain berupa asam tiobarbiturat dan etilasetoasetat sebagai pengganti dari asam barbiturate dengan persen yield masingmasing64,69% dan 79,38%. Senyawa hasil sintesis dikonfirmasi menggunakaninstrument FT-IR, UV-Vis, uji titik leleh dan LC-MS/MS. Berdasarkan uji DPPH,diketahui bahwa derivate senyawa spirooxindole hasil sintesis memiliki potensisebagai senyawa antioksidan

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Spirooxindole derivatives are included in the heterocyclic group of compounds,

spirooxindole derivatives have biological activity and have an important role in the

pharmaceutical field because of their framework. The synthesis of spirooxindole

derivatives was carried out using a multicomponent reaction system (MCR), which

consists of two reaction stages, namely the Knovenagel condensation and the

Michael-addition reaction. The selection of the MCR method was made because this

system was considered to be more efficient, easier, and produced good yields in each

synthesis. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the derivatives of

spirooxindole compounds using nano TiO2 / SiO2 as a catalyst and to test the

antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds. Nano TiO2 / SiO2 catalyst was

synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDS, and

TEM. Furthermore, the catalyst is used for the synthesis of spirooxindole compound

derivatives. The optimal conditions were obtained by using 12.5% mole of TiO2 /

SiO2 catalyst at 50oC for 4 hours in ethanol solvent with a percent yield of 86.81%.

The reaction conditions can also be applied to other precursors in the form of

thiobarbituric acid and ethyl acetoacetic as a substitute for barbiturate acid with the

percent yield of 64.69% and 79.38%, respectively. The synthesized compounds were

confirmed using the FT-IR, UV-Vis, melting point test and LC-MS / MS instruments.

Based on the DPPH test, it is known that the synthesized derivative of the

spirooxindole compound has potential as an antioxidant compound"

"This book about perfluoroheteroaromatic chemistry : multifunctional systems from perfluorinated heterocycles by nucleophilic aromatic substitution processes, monofluorinated heterocycles, synthesis of beta-Halofurans, synthesis of halogenated 5- and 6-membered sulfur- and sulfur, nitrogen containing heterocycles, heterocyclic reagents containing nitrogen-halogen bond : recent applications, recent progress on the halogen dance reaction on heterocycles, halogenated heterocycles as pharmaceuticals, sources, occurrence and fate of halogenated heterocyclic pharmaceuticals in the environment, and green methods in halogenation of heterocycles."

"Heterocycles have played a crucial role in the biological and industrial development of society, becoming one of the most researched areas within organic chemistry.The first chapter, is based on microwave theory, the latest developments in instrumentation technology, and the various microwave technologies used for synthesis. The remainder of the chapters are divided into two sections. Section A deals with the five-membered heterocycles (pyrazoles, isoxazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, oxazoles, oxazolines etc.) and in Section B, various six-membered heterocycles (triazines, benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles) are presented. Both sections contain a detailed, recent literature review of microwave assisted synthesis and its applicability to various aromatic heterocyclics."

"Senyawa kalkon telah digunakan sebagai bahan awal yang penting dalam mensintesis senyawa spiro heterosiklik dan memiliki aktivitas biologi yang luas termasuk antioksidan. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan sintesis senyawa spiro-L-prolin-isatin-kalkon berbasis kalkon melalui reaksi sikloadisi 1,3-dipolar. Senyawa isatin dikondensasi dengan sejumlah derivatif α-asam amino yaitu prolin dalam medium metanol/air, membentuk senyawa yang disebut azometinilida. Senyawa keton aril disintesis dengan pembentukan anti-azometin dengan direaksikan senyawa asetofenon dengan variasi senyawa aldehida aromatik yaitu benzaldehida, 2-hidroksibenzaldehida, 4-metoksibenzaldehida, sinamaldehida, dan furfuraldehida untuk masing-masing senyawa heterosiklik spiro 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5. Senyawa yang diperoleh akan dikarakterisasi strukturnya menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Didapatkan senyawa heterosiklik spiro 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 dengan persen yield masing-masing sebesar 53,89%, 26,53%, 44,04%, 97,65%, dan 76,60%. Senyawa spiro-L-prolin-isatin-kalkon yang dihasilkan akan diuji aktivitas antioksidannya dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2- pikrilhidrazil). Hasil uji menunjukkan nilai IC50 untuk senyawa heterosiklik spiro 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 masing-masing sebesar 164,24 ppm, 82,59 ppm, 93,28 ppm, 190,76 ppm, dan 107,36 ppm.

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Chalcone compounds have been used as important starting materials in the synthesis of spiro heterocyclic compounds and had broad biological activities including antioxidants. In this research, the synthesis of the chalcone-based spiro-L-proline-isatin-chalcone compound will be carried out via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The isatin compound is condensed with a number of α-amino acid derivatives, namely proline, in a methanol/water medium, forming a compound called azometinilide. Aryl ketone compounds are synthesized by forming anti-azomethine by reacting the acetophenone compound with a variety of aromatic aldehyde compounds, namely benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and furfuraldehyde for each spiro heterocyclic compound 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The structure obtained will be characterized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Spiro heterocyclic compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were obtained with yield percentages of 53.89%, 26.53%, 44.04%, 97.65%, and 76.60%, respectively. The resulting spiro-L-proline-isatin-chalcone compound will be tested for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) method. The test results show that the IC50 values for spiro heterocyclic compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 164,24 ppm, 82,59 ppm, 93,28 ppm, 190,76 ppm, dan 107,36 ppm."

"Senyawa heterosiklik telah menjadi perhatian dan berperan dalam perkembangan kimia organik. Senyawa ini memiliki 2 atau lebih heteroatom dalam molekulnya. Keberadaan heteroatom dalam senyawa kimia diduga memiliki peranan penting terhadap aktivitas biologis suatu senyawa. Azakalkon merupakan senyawa turunan kalkon dengan atom N terikat pada salah satu cincin. Banyak peneliti telah membuktikan bahwa kalkon merupakan agen antikanker, antidiabetes, antibakteri dan antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis senyawa heterosiklik azakalkon, isoksazol dan tiazin dan menguji aktivitas antibakterinya. Metode yang digunakan untuk mensintesis azakalkon adalah dengan cara mereaksikan sinamaldehid dengan 3-asetilpiridin melalui reaksi kondensasi Claisen-Smith, yang kemudian direaksikan lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan tiourea dan hidroksil amina hidroklorida menghasilkan senyawa baru heterosiklik tiazin dan isoksazol. Hasil sintesis kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan KLT, UV-Vis, FTIR, dan LCMS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa senyawa sintesis azakalkon dari sinamaldehid telah berhasil dibentuk. Adapun yield yang didapatkan senyawa azakalkon 1 dan 2 berturut-turut sebesar 49,23% dan 78,2%,. Sedangkan untuk senyawa heterosiklik tiazin dan isoxazol berturut-turut sebesar  13,53% dan 41,12%. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR, UV-Vis, dan LCMS menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik dan sesuai dengan molekul target yang diinginkan. Hasil uji antibakteri dari senyawa heterosiklik azakalkon, isoksazol dan tiazin menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik dengan zona hambat sekitar 9-10 mm.

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Heterocyclic compounds have become a concern and play a role in the development of organic chemistry. This compound has 2 or more heteroatoms in its molecule. The presence of heteroatoms in the molecule has an important role in the biological activity of the compound. Azachalcone is a chalcone-derived compound with an N atom in one of the aromatic rings. Many researchers have proven that chalcone is an anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antioxidant agent. The aim of this research was to synthesis heterocyclic compounds of azachalcone, isoxazole and thiazine and to test their antibacterial activity. The method used to synthesize azachalcone was by reacting cinnamaldehyde with 3-acetylpyridine through a Claisen-Smith condensation reaction, which is then further reacted using thiourea and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride to produce new heterocyclic thiazine and isoxazole compounds. The synthesis results were then characterized using TLC, UV-Vis, FTIR, and LCMS. The results show that the synthesis of azachalcone from cinnamaldehyde has been successfully formed. The yields obtained of azachalcone 1 and 2 were 49.23% and 78.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the heterocyclic thiazine and isoxazole compounds were 13.53% and 41.12%, respectively. The results of the characterization of FTIR, UV-Vis, and LCMS showed good results and were under the desired molecule target. The antibacterial test results of the heterocyclic compounds azachalcone, isoxazole, and thiazine showed good results with an inhibition zone was about 9-10 mm."

"This book about metalation of pyrrole, furans and benzofurans, lithiation-based and magnesation-based strategies for the functionalization of imidazole : 2001–2010, metalation of oxazoles and benzoxazoles., metalation of pyrazoles and indazoles, metalation reactions of isoxazoles and benzisoxazoles, thiazoles and benzothiazoles, isothiazoles and benzisothiazoles, recent advances in the synthesis of thiophenes and benzothiophenes, and mesoionics, and azoles with 3-4 Heteroatoms."