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"A global demand for energy has forced many countries to search for alternative and renewable energy. An anticipated effect of the development of renewable is an increase in employment as part of new green jobs creation, a major benefit for Indonesia to cope with its high unemployment rate. This paper describes the impact of renewable energy development on the jobs creation in Indonesia. First, we identify current government policies relative to renewable energy. Second, this paper describes the definition of green jobs and what type of jobs might be created due to development of renewable energy. Third, companies in Indonesia currently operating in the renewable energy sector are analyzed for their potential growth. Research is based solely on secondary data analysis. Information publicly available from the government/ministry website was used to examine policies concerning renewable energy. Related journals and articles were used to explore plans for the creation of green jobs, and a database search was conducted to identify companies currently operating in the renewable energy sector. The Kammen et al. (2004) study of Jobs per Megawatt of Capacity identified that the renewable energy installed capacity in 2007 created approximately 14,000 jobs in Indonesia. The potential capacity of renewable energy will create 70,000-190,000 jobs in Indonesia."

"A global demand for energy has forced many countries to search for alternative and renewable energy. An anticipated effect of the development of renewable is an increase in employment as part of new green jobs creation, a major benefit for Indonesia to cope with its high unemployment rate. This paper describes the impact of renewable energy development on the jobs creation in Indonesia. First, we identify current government policies relative to renewable energy. Second, this paper describes the definition of green jobs and what type of jobs might be created due to development of renewable energy. Third, companies in Indonesia currently operating in the renewable energy sector are analyzed for their potential growth. Research is based solely on secondary data analysis. Information publicly available from the government/ministry website was used to examine policies concerning renewable energy. Related journals and articles were used to explore plans for the creation of green jobs, and a database search was conducted to identify companies currently operating in the renewable energy sector. The Kammen et al. (2004) study of Jobs per Megawatt of Capacity identified that the renewable energy installed capacity in 2007 created approximately 14,000 jobs in Indonesia. The potential capacity of renewable energy will create 70,000-190,000 jobs in Indonesia."

"The analysis on manufacturing sector mostly focuses on economic valuation such as output, value added, and employment, but few studies attempt simultaneously to analyze economic, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2). We applied the graph theory to select the dominant industries based on selected criteria. We found that food industry became a dominant industry. However, none industry was dominant for the all criteria. This implied that pro growth is not always similar with pro environment, even the two criteria can be conflicted one and another. We argue that different characteristics of industry need to be considered in evaluating industy performance. Finally, in terms of policy intervention, we suggest government to construct intensity indicator and to develop broad policy framework in enhancing energy efficiency."

"Peningkatan emisi CO2 yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim yang membuat dunia Internasional dan Indonesia berkomitmen untuk menurunkan emisi CO2. Sektor pembangkit listrik adalah sektor terbesar yang menghasilkan emisi CO2 sehingga perlu adanya pengurangan emisi CO2 di sektor pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan apabila dilakukan investasi di beberapa sektor ketenagalistrikan yang dihasilkan dari energi terbarukan. Dengan menggunakan data SNSE, analisis dari penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subsitusi dari energi fosil menuju energi terbarukan dan komparasi energi terbarukan mana yang paling menguntungkan secara sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Dampak ekonomi dari substitusi investasi dari energi fosil ke energi terbarukan ini adalah negatif dengan mengukur nilai Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) secara keseluruhan. Namun secara sosial yang menggunakan indikator distribusi pendapatan dan tenaga kerja, investasi ini memiliki dampak positif. Sedangkan dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan sangat signifikan dalam menurunkan emisi CO2. Untuk studi komparasi, secara ekonomi dan lingkungan, investasi paling menguntungkan apabila dilakukan investasi di PLTP (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi). Sedangkan secara sosial, lebih menguntungkan di PLTA (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air) dan PLTD (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel).

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Increasing of CO2 emissions that cause climate change had made the international and Indonesia agreed to reduce CO2 emissions. The power generation sector is the largest sector that produces CO2 emissions. There is a need to reduce CO2 emissions in the power generation. This study aims to look at the social, economic, and environmental impacts of investments in several power generation from renewable energy. Using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) data, the analysis of this study was carried out with the substitution of fossil energy towards renewable energy and the comparison of which is the most beneficial socially, economically, and environmentally renewable energy in the power generation. The economic impact of investment substitution from fossil fuels to renewable energy is negative by measuring overall GDP. However, by using social indicators which calculate labor increasing and income distribution, this investment has a positive impact. On the other hand, it also reduce CO2 emission significantly. For comparative studies, the most beneficial economically and environmentally, is to invest in geothermal power plant. Meanwhile, it’s more profitable socially to invest in hydro and diesel power generation."

"[ABSTRAKTiongkok merupakan penghasil dan pengguna batu bara terbesar di dunia. Banyaknya penggunaan batu bara menggiring Tiongkok pada krisis energi. Terjadinya krisis energi serta merebaknya dampak buruk energi berbahan bakar batu bara terhadap lingkungan membuat pemerintah Tiongkok mulai menaruh perhatian khusus pada energi terbarukan. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah memberi gambaran umum tentang kebijakan energi terbarukan di Tiongkok, mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kebijakan sumber daya energi terbarukan di Tiongkok selama kurun waktu 1996−2010, dan memaparkan programprogram yang dijalankan pemerintah Tiongkok terkait penerapan kebijakan sumber energi terbarukan. Tiongkok saat ini menjadi penghasil energi terbarukan terbesar di dunia. Pemerintah Tiongkok menunjukkan keseriusan untuk terus mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan yang lebih ramah lingkungan demi masa depan yang lebih baik.

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ABSTRACTChina is the largest coal producer and consumer in the world. The large amount of coal usage leads China to an energy crisis. The Energy crisis and negative excess of coal based energy towards the environment have made the Chinese government pay more attention to renewable energy. The goals of this research are to explain China?s renewable energy policy in general; to describe the backgrounds of China renewable energy policy in 1996-2010, and to explain the Chinese government?s programs that are related to renewable energy policy. The government of China shows its serious commitment by constantly developing and implementing environmental friendly policies for a sustainable future. , China is the largest coal producer and consumer in the world. The large amount of coal usage leads China to an energy crisis. The Energy crisis and negative excess of coal based energy towards the environment have made the Chinese government pay more attention to renewable energy. The goals of this research are to explain China’s renewable energy policy in general; to describe the backgrounds of China renewable energy policy in 1996-2010, and to explain the Chinese government’s programs that are related to renewable energy policy. The government of China shows its serious commitment by constantly developing and implementing environmental friendly policies for a sustainable future. ]"

"Hampir semua mobilisasi ekonomi di negara maju maupun negara sedang berkembang didasarkan pada situasi energi fosilnya. Kekhawatiran akan perubahan iklim dan menyusutnya energi fosil, maka sumber energi terbarukan ditinjau sebagai alternatif terbaik untuk pemenuhan energi dalam pembangunan yang berkesinambungan. Teknologi energi terbarukan ditimbang memiliki peran yang menjanjikan dalam pemenuhan pembangkitan energi. Potensinya dalam pembangunan masyarakat desa di negara sedang berkembang masih kurang didemostrasikan.Di Philipina, 22 komunitas pedesaan di Mindanao, yang menggunakan 6 teknologi energi matahari dan 16 teknologi energi air diteliti dalam studi ini untuk mencari faktor-faktor yang mempengauhi kesuksesan operasi sistem energi terbarukan. Teknik lingkungan yang tidak efisien, policy umum yang buruk, keterbatasan kapasitas institusi, isyu keuangan dan ekonomi serta kondisi sosial politik ditemukan sebagai rintangan utama dalam mengadopsi teknologi energi terbarukan pedesaan. Evaluasi hukum energi di Philipina dan rencana pengembangan energi menunjukkan perlunya keterlibatan setiap level demi kesuksesan implementasi dan adopsi teknologi energi terbarukan yang juga merupakan ukuran kesuksesan mitigasi mengatasi perubahan iklim dan memastikan suplai energi yang berkesinambunngan.Dalam jangka panjang, diharapkan bahwa sistem energi terbarukan skala kecil yang dioperasikan oleh komunitas pedesaan dapat ditampung oleh jaringan listrik nasional. Hal ini akan menentukan kesuksesan atau kegagalannya. Operasinya akan terhenti bila mereka menghentikan dukungan pada sistem energi terbarukan mereka. Penampungan listrik oleh jaringan listrik nasional dapat membantu memastikan kesinambungan kerja komunitas di Mindanao."