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Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Perkebunan Teh Gedeh di Cianjur, Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan sudut pandang arkeologi industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi proses produksi teh dan kehidupan sosial di Perkebunan Teh Gedeh melalui keletakan bangunan-bangunan serta arsip. Bangunan-bangunan yang diteliti antara lain bangunan untuk produksi, bangunan untuk tempat tinggal, dan infrastruktur sedangkan arsip yang digunakan berupa foto, peta dan surat kabar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga tahapan dalam proses produksi teh Perkebunan Teh Gedeh, yaitu praproduksi, produksi dan pasca produksi serta alat-alat yang digunakan pada tahapan-tahapan tersebut. Kelas sosial di Perkebunan Teh Gedeh terbagi menjadi golongan atas, golongan menengah dan golongan pekerja yang terlihat dari pekerjaan, tempat tinggal, pakaian, serta gender. Keletakan bangunan-bangunan di Perkebunan Teh Gedeh memiliki makna dan tujuan tertentu terkait dengan fungsi pengawasan dan fungsi strategis.

 

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This study discusses Gedeh Tea Plantation in Cianjur, West Java, using point of view of industrial archaeology. This study aims to reconstruct the tea production process and social life in Gedeh Tea Plantation through the location of buildings and archives. The buildings studied include buildings for production, buildings for housing, and infrastructure, while the archives used are photos, maps, and newspapers. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that there are three stages in the tea production process of Gedeh Tea Plantation, namely preproduction, production, and post-production, and the tools used at these stages. The social class in Gedeh Tea Plantation is divided into the upper class, middle class, and working-class as seen from their occupation, residence, clothing, and gender. The location of the buildings in the Gedeh Tea Plantation has a specific meaning and purpose related to its supervisory and strategic functions.

 

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"Tanah mempunyai fungsi penting bagi eksistensi kehidupan manusia, hal ini dikarenakan tanah merupakan media kehidupan dimana manusia beserta seluruh unsur penunjang kehidupan manusia (makhluk hidup selain manusia, serta unsur-unsur lain yang bersifat material) bernaung. Meski berfungsi sebagai media penyangga kehidupan manusia, namun secara kuantitas maupun kualitas keberadaan tanah tersebut tidak pernah mengalami peningkatan. Tanah tidak dapat secara langsung menyajikan kemakmuran, melainkan kegiatan usaha di atas tanah tersebut. Hal inilah yang kemudian seharusnya dijadikan prioritas dalam rangka pembangunan nasional, khususnya pembangunan perekonomian. Tujuannya adalah untuk mewujudkan kegiatan usaha mandiri dengan memanfaatkan segala daya dukung dari kekayaan alam yang dimiliki, dengan menjadikan kemakmuran rakyat sebagai tujuan utama. Penggunaan tanah untuk pengembangan perkebunan diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat, dan peningkatan pendapatan nasional dan daerah. Kegiatan usaha perkebunan merupakan suatu usaha yang membutuhkan tanah yang sangat luas, sehingga tidak mengherankan jika usaha perkebunan dalam terminologi hukum agraria merupakan kategori penggunaan hak atas tanah yang sifatnya Hak Guna Usaha. Dalam penjelasan umum dan penjelasan pasal per pasal UUPA, HGU sesungguhnya diperuntukkan untuk koperasi bersama milik rakyat bukan korporasi/perusahaan.Inilah rencana UUPA dalam menghentikan bentuk ekonomi dualistik yang dihasilkan oleh penjajahan. Bentuk dualistik itu adalah adanya perkebunan modern disatu sisi bersanding dengan pertanian subsisten dan masyarakat pertanian yang feodal disisi yang lain. Hal tersebut yang melatarbelakangi Penulis untuk mengkaji apakah kebijakan pemberian Hak Guna Usaha kepada penanam modal telah sejalan dengan kebijakan di bidang perkebunan dan penanaman modal yang bertujuan agar tanah dapat difungsikan secara maksimal bagi kemakmuran rakyat.

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Land has an important function for the existence of human life; this is because land constitutes the media of life in which human being together with the entire human supporting elements (living things other than human being, as well as other material elements) take shelter. Even though functioning as human life supporting media, however, quantitatively and qualitatively the existence of the land has never experienced any improvement. Land cannot directly provide prosperity, instead of business activities on such land. This then becomes the priority in the framework of national development, especially economic development. The objective is in order to materialize independent business activities by exploiting any carrying capacity of natural resources being possessed, by setting the prosperity of the people as the main objective. The exploitation of land for the development of plantation is expected to be capable of giving contribution for the improvement of prosperity of the people, and the increase of national and regional income.

Plantation business activity constitutes a business requiring extensive land area, therefore, it is not unanticipated if plantation business in the terminology of agrarian law included in the category of utilization over land with the characteristic of Right of Exploitation. In the general elucidation and elucidation for article per article of the Basic Agrarian Law, Right of Exploitation is actually allocated for collective cooperation owned by the people, instead of those owned by corporations/companies. This is the plan of Basic Agrarian Law in order to bring an end to dualistic economic form deriving from colonialism. This dualistic form can be seen from the presence of modern plantation on one side standing side by side with sub-system plantation and feudal people's plantation on the other side. This is the background basis for the Writer to review whether the policy of granting Right of Exploitation to investor has already been inline with the policy in plantation and capital investment sectors having the objective in order that the land can be functionalized in an optimum manner for the prosperity of the people."

"ABSTRAKDrainage construction for plantations development on peatlands often caused controversy. Drainage construction will be followed by subsidence of peatland . To be able to extend the chance to get profit in the plantation business subsidence prevention efforts are needed. Setting water level and the prevention of excessive drainage is one of the efforts to reduce the rate of subsidence of the peat.This study is based on literature review by collecting information from various sources and then comparing and analyzing it so that information is obtained on a comprehensive subject matter. Literature review include: monitoring parameters, types of equipment for monitoring, pattern placement monitoring equipment, the range and the frequency of monitoring. From the study concluded that the water level necessary to measure on land and channels using dipwell and staff gauges. Observations were made with a combination of automated recording device and manual recording. Both are quite accurate, but the use of automatic registers in remote locations saves time, and if an automatic device is installed in an area that has the potential to have large water level fluctuations and runs quickly, it will provide more accurate data. Observations on dams for water level control are installed at every 20 cm drop in hidraulic head."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji tentang Situs Perkebunan Karet Cisaga di Kabupaten Ciamis, Provinsi Jawa Barat, tahun 1908 ndash;1972, melalui metode penelitian arkeologi dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa survey permukaan observasi lapangan , studi pustaka, arsip kolonial, dan wawancara. Sebagai kajian historis arkeologis dilakukan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan symbolic meaning Ian Hodder, menggunakan beberapa konsep ilmu-ilmu sosial. Ada empat konsep yang dipakai, yaitu: 1 structure concept, 2 boundedness concept, 3 landscape concept, dan 4 non-verbal communication concept. Situs perkebunan merupakan situs industri masa kolonial yang masih bertahan sampai sekarang dan banyak meninggalkan jejak sejarah dan budaya di masa lalu. Kajian dilakukan terhadap warisan industri perkebunan berupa data fisik material culture dan nonfisik immaterial culture/social . Data fisik berupa data hasil survey permukaan, yaitu bangunan/fitur rumah tinggal, kantor, pabrik, dan bangunan lainnya dan artefak mesin-mesin pabrik lama, perlengkapan kantor, alat-alat sadap karet, alat-alat makan, dan lain-lain . Data nonfisik berupa data pustaka buku-buku, laporan penelitian, disertasi, tesis, dan skripsi , hasil wawancara informasi sejarah, budaya, aktivitas industri dan keseharian pekerja perkebunan , dan arsip kolonial foto-foto lama, besluit, indische staatsregeling, regerings almanak . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data fisik dan nonfisik tersebut menjadi ldquo;kode budaya rdquo; cultural code yang menjelaskan makna dan nilai-nilai kolonial, sebagai cerminan aktivitas industri di masa lalu dengan kehidupan sosial masyarakat pendukungnya. Beberapa kode budaya fisik di antaranya: bentuk dan gaya arsitekur bangunan, jenis dan fungsi bangunan, pola/struktur bangunan dalam permukiman emplasemen, tata ruang dalam rumah tinggal, serta artefak perkebunan. Kode budaya yang bersifat nonfisik di antaranya: istilah-istilah lama yang masih digunakan, pola organisasi atau struktur perkebunan, gaya hidup masyarakat perkebunan, gaya berbusana, aktivitas keagamaan dan pendidikan, serta pemanfaatan waktu luang hiburan dan olah raga .Kata Kunci: Situs Perkebunan Karet Cisaga, Arkeologi Industri, Kode Budaya Kolonial.

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ABSTRACTThis study describes Cisaga Rubber Plantation in Ciamis Regentschap, West Java Province, in 1908 1972, through the methods of archaeological research with data collection techniques such as surface survey observation , literature, colonial archives, and interviews. As a historical archaeological studies conducted qualitative research methods with symbolic meaning Ian Hodder approach, using some of the concepts of the social sciences. There are four concepts used, namely 1 structure concept, 2 boundedness concept, 3 landscape concept, and 4 non verbal communication concept. Site is the site of industrial estates colonial period that still survived until now and left many traces of history and culture in the past. Studies conducted on the industrial heritage estate in the form of physical data material culture and non physical data immaterial culture social . Physical data such as survey data surface, that is building features houses, offices, factories and other buildings and artifacts the old factory machinery, office equipment, rubber tapping tools, cutlery, etc. other . Data nonphysical form of a data library books, research reports, dissertations, and theses , interviews information on the history, culture, industrial activities and daily lives of plantation workers , and the colonial archives old photos, besluit, indische staatsregeling, almanac regering . The results showed that the data of the physical and nonphysical being kode budaya cultural code that explains the meaning and values of colonial, as a reflection of industrial activity in the past by supporting community social life. Some codes physical culture among them the shape and architectural style of the building, the type and function of the building, the pattern structure of the building in the settlements emplacement, layout in the residence, as well as artifacts plantations. Non physical cultural codes of them the old terms are still used, the pattern of organization or structure of the plantation, the plantation community lifestyle, style of dress, religious and educational activities, as well as the utilization of spare time entertainment and sports . Keywords Cisaga Rubber Plantation Site, Industrial Archaeology, Colonial Culture Code"