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"Saat ini, industri benih hortikultura dalam negeri belum mampu memenuhi permintaan pasar. Di sisi lain, industri multinasional berkontribusi penting dalam penyediaan benih dan perkembangan industri benih hortikultura di Indonesia. Dengan terbitnya Undang-undang No. 13 tahun 2010, investasi asing di industri benih hortikultura akan dibatasi paling banyak 30% (tiga puluh persen) pada tahun 2014.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat adanya regulasi pembatasan investasi asing pada sektor industri benih hortikultura, serta untuk mendapatkan alternatif kebijakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Checklist Persaingan OECD tahun 2007 yang di serangkaian pertanyaan dan evaluasi menyeluruh mengenai pengaruh persaingan yang mungkin timbul pada industri dan pasar benih hortikultura, melalui wawancara, studi literatur, dan data pendukung dari instansi terkait.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kebijakan pembatasan investasi asing berpotensi menghambat perkembangan dan persaingan di pasar, yaitu : (1) meningkatan konsentrasi pasar; (2) munculnya hambatan memasuki pasar melalui pembatasan penyediaan modal perusahaan; (3) mengurangi kesejahteraan konsumen; (4) menghambat inovasi; dan (5) menghambat pertumbuhan pasar.Terkait hal ini, perlunya dilakukan peninjauan kembali kebijakan pembatasan investasi asing di sektor industri hortikultura dengan mempertimbangkan : (1) kualitas benih hortikultura di pasar; (2) harga benih hortikultura di pasar; (3) ketersediaan dan keragaman benih hortikultura di pasar; (4) Hak Kekayaan Intelektual ; (5) perkembangan inovasi dan transfer teknologi; (6) perkembangan plasma nutfah; dan (7) pertumbuhan pasar perdagangan benih hortikultura.

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Nowadays, the domestic horticultural seed industry has not yet been able to fulfill the market demand. On the other hand, multinational industry has an important contribution in supplying seeds and in developing horticultural seed industry in Indonesia. With the issuance of the Law No. 13 of the year 2010, the foreign investment in the horticultural seed industry will be limited maximally 30% (thirty per cent) by the year 2014.This research aims to discover the impacts incurred due to the regulation of foreign investment limitation in the horticultural seed industry sector, and to acquire an alternative policy to deal with the issue.The research used the 2007 OECD Competition Checklist Method whose set of questions and entire evaluation are about the influence of the competition which might incur in the industry and market of horticultural seeds, through interview, literature study, and supporting data from relevant bodies.Based on the research results, it is discovered that the policy of foreign investment limitation has the potential to hamper the development and competition in the market because it can: (1) increase market concentration; (2) cause some obstacles to appear to enter the market through the limitation of company capital supply; (3) reduce the welfare of the customers; (4) hamper innovation; and (5) hamper market's growth.In relation to those, it is necessary to review the policy of foreign investment limitation in the horticultural seed industry by considering: (1) horticultural seed quality in the market; (2) horticultural seed prices in the market; (3) the availability and variety of horticultural seeds in the market; (4) Intellectual Property Rights; (5) innovation development and technology transfer; (6) germplasm development; and (7) horticultural seed trading market growth."

"Trade liberalization and economic crisis generate greater challenges in agricultural development in Indonesia. Despite the remaining high tariff rate on Indonesian agricultural products as stated in the WTO agreement, this country applied low import tariff rates of 0-5 % during the 1998-2004 for almost all its agricultural product,except for rice and sugar which are increased to 25-30%...."

"Studi ini menganalisis dampak investasi asing langsung dan spillover effect yang ditimbulkan terhadap tingkat entry dan exit pada industri manufaktur Indonesia tahun 2010-2015. Studi ini menggunakan data Input Output tahun 2010 dan data Industri Besar Sedang tahun 2010-2015 yang keduanya berasal dari Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. Random Effect Model keluar sebagai model terbaik untuk mengestimasi data panel dengan observasi sebanyak 2.592 industri. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa investasi asing langsung dan forward spillover memberikan kontribusi yang positif signifikan terhadap entry rate, namun backward spillover berkontribusi negatif terhadap entry rate. Backward spillover dan forward spillover juga berkontribusi terhadap exit rate, namun efeknya tidak dominan. Masuknya investasi asing langsung ke dalam industri yang memiliki tingkat konsentrasi dan tingkat impor yang tinggi masing-masing berdampak pada entry rate yang negatif dan exit rate yang positif. Selain itu, masuknya investasi asing langsung ke dalam industri yang memiliki rata-rata ukuran perusahaan yang besar dan tingkat ekspor yang tinggi masing-masing berdampak pada entry rate yang positif dan entry rate yang negatif.

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This study analyzes the impact of FDI and the spillover effect on entry and exit levels in the Indonesian manufacturing industry in 2010-2015. This study uses data for Input Output in 2010 and data for Large and Medium Industries in 2010-2015, both of which are from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. Random Effect Model came out as the best model for estimating panel data by observing 2,592 industries. This study concludes that FDI and forward spillover make a significant positive contribution to the entry rate, but backward spillover contributes negatively to the entry rate. Backward spillover and forward spillover also contribute to the exit rate, but the effect is not dominant. The entry of FDI into industries that have a high level of concentration and a high level of imports each have an impact on a negative entry rate and a positive exit rate. In addition, the entry of FDI into industries that have a large average company size and high export rates have an impact on positive entry rates and negative entry rates, respectively."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 165/PMK.010/2015 tentang Pengenaan Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan Terhadap Impor Produk Coated Paper dan Paper Board, serta dampaknya terhadap industri coated paper Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan Competition Assessment Tool Kit (Tool Kit Penilaian Persaingan Usaha). Terdapat 7 (tujuh) indikator persaingan usaha yang digunakan sebagai obyek pengukuran dampak persaingan, yaitu pelaku usaha lama (incumbent), perusahaan baru, harga coated paper, kualitas dan keragaman produk coated paper, inovasi, pertumbuhan pasar, dan pasar terkait. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa pemberlakuan kebijakan tersebut tidak berdampak secara signifikan dalam mempengaruhi persaingan usaha pada industri coated paper dibandingkan periode sebelum diberlakukannya kebijakan tersebut. Meskipun demikian, terdapat beberapa dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan yaitu terhadap pelaku usaha lama (pemasok produk impor), perusahaan baru, harga, pertumbuhan pasar dan pasar terkait. Namun disisi lain, kebijakan tersebut tidak mempengaruhi turunnya kualitas, keragaman dan inovasi produk coated paper.

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This study discuss the Financial Ministery regulation No. 165 / PMK.010 / 2015 about imposing safeguard measure and its impact to Indonesian coated paper and paper board industry. The research used a qualitative approach by utilizing the OECD Competition Assessment Tool Kit. There are 7 (seven) indicators of competition used as the object of measuring the competition impact; the incumbent of business actor, the new entrant, coated paper price, the quality and diversity of coated paper products, innovation, market growth, and related markets.. It can be concluded that the policy implementation has no significant impacts to competition in the coated paper industry than before the implementation of the policy. The policy also has negative impacts to the incumbent of business actor, the new entrant, coated paper price, market growth and related markets. While the positive impacts were no decline in the quality, diversity and innovation of coated paper products."

"Indonesia dan Filipina merupakan bagian dari negara penggagas berdirinya organisasi Association of Southeast Asian Nations atau ASEAN. Pada Januari 2007 di ASEAN Cebu Summit, para pemimpin ASEAN sepakat untuk membentuk Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN atau MEA di tahun 2015. Salah satu sarana utama dalam merealisasikan MEA adalah melalui arus bebas jasa yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan batasan secara substansial bagi penyedia jasa ASEAN, di antaranya dalam jasa pelayaran. Akan tetapi, Indonesia dan Filipina menerapkan asas cabotage dalam kebijakan pelayarannya di mana hak istimewa dalam industri pelayaran dalam negeri diberikan kepada warga negaranya sendiri sehingga membatasi kepemilikan asing dalam industri tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji lebih lanjut bagaimana pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia dan Filipina terhadap realisasi MEA sehubungan dengan penerapan asas cabotage dalam peraturan perundang-undangan negaranya masing-masing. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, tulisan ini menjelaskan pendekatan yang dilakukan terkait kebijakan investasi asing dalam bidang pelayaran untuk melihat upaya realisasi MEA di Indonesia dan Filipina. Berdasarkan pembahasan kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Indonesia dan Filipina telah melaksanakan komitmennya dalam AFAS, namun peraturan perundang-undangan pelayaran internal masing-masing negara tersebut masih membatasi pelaksanaan komitmennya secara lanjut. Oleh karena itu, harus dilakukan penyelarasan peraturan internal Indonesia dan Filipina sesuai dengan komitmennya masing-masing dalam AFAS.

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Indonesia and Philippines are part of the founding of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN organizations. In January 2007 at the ASEAN Cebu Summit, ASEAN leaders agreed to establish in the ASEAN Economic Community Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN or MEA in 2015. One of the main tools in realizing MEA is through free flow of services which aimed at removing restrictions substantially for ASEAN service providers, including shipping service. However, Indonesia and Philippines apply cabotage principle in their shipping policies in which privileges in the domestic shipping industry are granted to their own citizens thereby limiting foreign ownership in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to further examine the approach taken by Indonesia and Philippines towards the realization of MEA in connection with the application of cabotage principles in their law and regulations. Using normative juridical research methods, this paper describes the approach taken in terms of foreign investment policies in the field of shipping to see the efforts of realization of MEA in Indonesia and the Philippines. Based on the discussion of these policies, it can be concluded that Indonesia and Philippines have implemented their commitments in AFAS, but the internal shipping legislations of these countries still restrict the further implementation of their commitments. Hence, there shall be alignment of internal legislations of Indonesia and Philippine in accordance with their respective commitments in AFAS."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai keberadaan Tour Agent (TA) dan Tour Operator (TO) di Indonesia yang masuk melalui rezim hukum GATS mode 3 yakni commercial presence dan kesesuainya dengan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Di Schedule of commitmen (SoC) di Indonesia dinyatakan bahwa TO dan TA asing hanya dibatasi di wilayah Jakarta dan Bali dengan total kuota 30. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ternyata di Indonesia telah banyak berdiri TO dan TA asing. Masuknya TO dan TA asing tersebut kebanyakan hadir bukan dari rezim GATS melainkan dari rezim otonomus yang memang disyaratkan dalam GATS. Perjanjian Otonomus ini, membawa dampak yang berbeda dengan perlakuan yang terdapat dalam GATS. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan untuk memisahkan peraturan mengenai investasi jasa dan investasi langsung.

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The focus of this thesis is about the existence of the Tour Agent (TA) and Tour Operator (TO) in Indonesia that goes through the legal regime of the GATS mode 3 commercial presence and suitability with regulations in Indonesia. In the Schedule of commitmen (SoC) in Indonesia stated that foreign TO and TA are only limited in Jakarta and Bali with a total quota of 30.

Based on the results of research in Indonesia has been established many foreign TO and TA. The entry of foreign TO and TA are mostly present but not from GATS regime but from autonomous regime which is required under the GATS. This autonomous agreement is bringing the impact of different treatment contained in the GATS. The results of this research suggest to separate the regulation of investment services and direct investment."