Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This paper examines the fire smoke hazards of commercial - multi-function buildings known asRumah Toko or ?Ruko" The fire simulation was carried out using the NIST Fire Dynamic Simulators(FDS) model. The input for the model was taken from a typical design and sizes of this building built inIndonesian cities. On the basis of a set fire, two (2) design scenarios have been analyzed, i.e. thetraditional design and an improved design. The results of this work show that in the ordinary design ofthe Ruko building, smoke production during a fire can overcome the occupants in relatively short periodof time. Meanwhile the improved design by means of installing smoke shaft systems can improve theventing capacity of the building. On the basis of smoke density level, the margin of safety for evacuationefforts is extended from 160 s to more than 400 s by the use of smoke shaft systems."

"Asap telah menjadi musuh utama ketika kebakaran terjadi terutama di terowongan bawah tanah. Asap yang tidak terkontrol merupakan bahaya besar di terowongan bawah tanah terutama bagi manusia. Seringkali kegagalan evakuasi yang mengakibatkan kematian penumpang disebabkan oleh asap yang dihasilkan. Sistem kontrol asap tidak dapat menangani asap dan menjaganya tetap pada batas aman. Bahkan dengan sistem berjalan dengan sempurna, terkadang sistem itu sendiri gagal memenuhi harapan terutama ketika ada kegagalan dalam sistem misalnya kipas rusak. Pengembangan berkelanjutan harus diimplementasikan ketika kami merancang sistem kontrol asap. Solusi masalah harus ditentukan untuk mencegah kegagalan yang sama terjadi di masa depan. Percobaan akan menggunakan sensor opacity untuk menghitung tingkat visibilitas di berbagai posisi di terowongan. Jika tingkat visibilitas dapat dipertahankan pada tingkat normal pada ketinggian tertentu dari dasar terowongan bawah tanah sampai semua orang dievakuasi, maka sistem pengendalian asap menggunakan ventilasi alami dapat dikatakan berhasil. Pendekatan kedua adalah menggunakan perangkat lunak Fire Dynamics Simulator untuk memodelkan fenomena kebakaran. Kami akan merancang pemodelan ini dengan kondisi dan karakteristik yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Harapannya adalah bahwa pemodelan ini dapat menunjukkan kepada kami hasil yang tidak dapat ditawarkan oleh eksperimen langsung. Diperlukan dua pendekatan untuk mengkonfirmasi hasil masing-masing metode sehingga kami dapat membandingkan dan mengulangi proses jika ada anomali dalam hasil yang diperoleh.

---

Smoke has become the main enemy when fires occur especially in underground tunnels. Uncontrolled smoke is a great danger in underground tunnels especially for humans. Often evacuation failures that result in passenger deaths are caused by smoke produced. The smoke control system cannot handle the smoke and keep it at safety limit. Even with the system running perfectly, sometimes the system itself failed to fulfilled the expectations especially when there are failure in the system for example the fan is broken. Continuous development must be implemented when we design the smoke control system. The solutions of the problem must be define to prevent the same failure happen in the future. The experiment will use opacity sensor to calculate visibility level at various position in the tunnel. If the visibility level can be maintained at normal level at a certain height from the bottom of the underground tunnel until everyone is evacuated, then the smoke control system using natural ventilation can be said to be successful. The second approaches is using Fire Dynamics Simulator software to model the fire phenomenon. We will design this modelling with the conditions and characteristic that have been determined before. The hope is that this modelling can show us results that cannot be offerd by direct experiments. Two approaches needed to confirm the result of each method so we can compare and repeat the process if there is an anomaly in the results obtained."

"Fire safety merupakan faktor penting dalam desain gedung bertingkat tinggi. Asap diakui sebagai pembunuh utama dalam situasi kebakaran. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan adanya sistem pengendalaian asap seperti sistem pressurusasi dan exhaust. Sistem pressurized smoke stop lobby dan sitem exhaust fan diharapkan dapat mengurangi adanya korban jiwa dalam kebakaran. Faktor penting lain dalam desain safety adalah waktu deteksi asap sehingga korban dapat dievakuasi sebelum asap masuk ke tangga darurat.

---

Fire safety is an important factor in the design of high-rise buildings. Smoke is recognized as a major killer in fire situations. Therefore, it is necessary to have smoke control systems such as pressurized and exhaust systems. Smoke stop lobby pressurized system and theexhaust system is expected to reduce victim in fires. Another important factor in the design of safety is a smoke detection time, so that the victim can be evacuated before smoke into the emergency stairs."

"This book describes a systematic approach to risk assessment for complex socio-technical systems like industrial processes, especially innovative ones. It provides an overview of applications of system dynamics theory and methodologies on industrial systems in order to demonstrate the relevance of such an approach in helping to assess risks in such complex systems.An important feature of this approach is that it takes into account the dynamic of the interactions of the components (technical, human and organizational ones) in order to study and simulate the behavior of the system. This methodology helps to define the failures and/or accident scenarios and to implement and test the prevention and protection barriers."

"Asap kebakaran merupakan ancaman nyata pada saat terjadinya kebakaran di dalam bangunan bawah tanah. Asap juga merupakan masalah yang signifikan bagi regu pemadam kebakaran yang akan langsung berhadapan dengan api sewaktu bertugas dalam memadamkan kebakaran. Perhatian khusus harus diberikan pada sistem proteksi keselamatan kebakaran. Berasal dari kecelakaan kecil di dalam basement bisa berubah berubah bencana besar yang akan menyebabkan kerugian materi dan resiko bagi penghuni dari cedera dan ancaman kehilangan nyawa. Pemodelan asap ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana mekanisme pengendalian kebakaran saat terjadi kondisi bahaya kebakaran. Model gerakan asap di ruang bawah tanah dimodelkan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak FDS 6.0. Udara luar sebagai pengganti udara buang juga dimasukan ke dalam basement. Faktor utama yang akan menentukan ketebalan lapisan asap adalah dari besar beban kebakaran, adanya sistem proteksi berbasis air dan keberadaan dari kipas pembuang asap atau HVAC fan. HVAC fan ini akan berfungsi sebagai pembuang asap dan pemasok udara luar yang akan bekerja pada kapasitas yang lebih tinggi dari kapasitas pada saat operasi beban normal. Dengan bekerjanya HVAC fan, asap bisa diarahkan sehingga jalur evakuasi tidak terhalang oleh asap. Dalam tulisan ini, studi tentang temperatur asap, pergerakan udara dan jarak pandang akan dibandingkan dengan situasi kebakaran yang berbeda. Strategi pengendalian asap dengan bantuan HVAC fan dalam beberapa skenario berbeda kemudian akan didiskusikan.

---

Smoke is the real threat in enclosed underground car-park and also a significant issues and very critical for fire fighter dealing with fire. Special attention should be paid on fire safety, especially for those with multiple occupancies and multi-layer of floors underground which can be found in many building nowadays. It is likely that a small fire accident in a basement might be turned into disasters with severe human deaths and injuries as well as property loss.

The study is useful to analyse evacuating and controlling fire during emergency mode. A model of the smoke movement in basement was established using FDS 6.0 software based on similarity theory. The main factor that determines the smoke layer height in smoke control in well-ventilated condition was controlled by the proper sizing of HVAC fan in the basement and the provision of water based fire protection system. HVAC fans are normally run at higher capacity in fire mode than normal. Fan operations can control heat change and smoke conditions and change the air flow directionally so that it is possible to make the evacuation passage safer during fire.

In this paper, the study of smoke temperature, air movement and visibility have been compared under different scenarios. The smoke control strategy is then investigated under different HVAC operation. Simulation results show the temperatures at the fire room exit for different supply air quantities. Results also show that smoke propagation method is affected by air supply and smoke exhaust system."

"ABSTRAKGas Metering Station CNOOC SES Ltd di Cilegon adalah fasilitasuntuk serah terima gas dari pihak CNOOC SES Ltd kepada PLTGU Cilegondengan jumlah penyerahan gas sekitar 80 juta kaki kubik per hari yangberlokasi di Kecamatan Pulo Ampel Kabupaten Serang Propinsi Banten.Bahaya yang timbul dari kegiatan operasi Gas Metering Station ini adalahbahaya kebakaran akibat kebocoran gas dari fasilitas yang ada antara Iain :slug receiver, closed drain dmm, pig receiver, filter coalescer & metering skidserta pipa penyalur serta kemungkinan terjadinya Iedakan. Penelitian yangdilakukan merupakan penelitian analitis deskritif dengan melakukan analisadan perhitungan terhadap faktor-fakior yang menyebabkan terjadinya bahayakebakaran dan ledakan serta level keparahan (severity) yang mungkin terjadi.Metode yang dipergunakan adalah melakukan sectioning di Gas MeteringStation, penghitungan frekuensi kebocoran berdasarkan data yang ada didalam E&P Forum, menilai scenario kebakaran yang mungkin terjadi denganmetode ETA-Event Tree Analysis, menilai severity yang mungkin timbuldengan menggunakan acuan Health & Safey Executive Standard sertamenentukan hazardous area dengan menggunakan tabel dari Canada Gasinstitute. Gas Metering dapat dibagi menjadi 5 section yakni : slug receivenclosed drain drum, pig receiver; filter coalescer & metering skid dan pipapenyalur dengan scenario berdasarkan safety protection philosophy sebagaiberikut : Kemungkinan Percikan - Alarm Sukses - Emergency Shutdown -Blowdown System - Fire Protection Sukses - Trend Teijadinya Kebakaran.Frekuensi kebakaran per tahun untuk masing-masing section adalah sebagaiberikut : slug receiver (5.2x10?), closed drain drum (3.8 x10"), pig receiver (2.2x 10"), rilter coalescer & metering skid (5 x10"?) dan pipa penyalur (7.5x10??).Event outcome sebagai hasil Event Tree Analysis beserta nilainya adalahsebagai berikut : Gas Bocor -> Percikan Langsung -> BDS Sukses -> JetFire (0.00E+OO), Gas Bocor -> Percikan Langsung -> BDS Gagal -> Jet Fire(3.07E-02), Gas Bocor -> Percikan Langsung ~> FPS Sukses -> Eksplosion (0.00E+0O), Gas Bocor -> Percikan Langsung -> FPS Gagal -> Eksplosion(1 .62E-03), Gas Bocor -> Percikan Menyusul -> BDS Sukses -> Flash Fire(0.00E+00), Gas Bocor -> Percikan Menyusul -> BDS Gagal -> Flash Fire(1 .62E~03), Gas Bocor -> Deteksi Gagal -> ESD Sukses -> BDS Sukses ->FPS Sukses (8.08E-05), Gas Bocor -> Deteksi Gagal -> ESD Gagal -> BDSGagal (4.25E-06). Pada keadaan teriadi kebakaran maka severitymempunyai level significant dengan kecepatan gas terbakar 0.57 lgq/detikselama 125 detik, dan tangki bahan bakar solar PLTGU Cilegon dalamkeadaan aman. Dengan program perawatan peralatan fire protection systemdi Gas Metering Station dan pelatihan tanggap darurat untuk personil diIapangan, diharapkan severity level dapat ditekan menjadi minor bahkan tidakterjadi.

---

ABSTRACTThe risk of Gas Metering Station operation is the gas leakage of the followingequipment such as: slug receiver, closed drain drum, pig receiver, filtercoalescer & metering skid which potentially result a tire and followed by aexplosion. The research- design is analytical descriptive by performinganalysis and calculation of the related factors produces a tire and explosionand its level of severity. The sequences of research are as follow: GasMetering Station sectioning, calculate frequency refering the E&P Forumdatabase, assessment of the Ere scenario by using ETA-Event Tree Analysis,assessment of the Severity by using Health & Safety Executive Standard anddetermine the hazardous area by using Canada Gas Institute table. GasMetering Station consists of 5 sections i.e. slug receiver, closed drain drum,pig receiver, filter coalescer 8. metering skid and pipeline. Refer to the safetyprotection philosophy of Gas Metering Station, the sequences of a fire asfollow: Initial Ignition - Alarm Success - Emergency Shutdown success -Blowdown System Success - Fire Protection System Success and Escalationof fire occurrence. The fire frequencies per year for each seclioning are asfollow: slug receiver (5.2x10"), closed drain drum (3.8 x10??), pig receiver (2.2 x10??), filter coalescer & metering skid (5 x1 O"?) and pipeline (7.5x10?°).The eventoutcome of event tree analysis including the values are as follow:Gas Leaking ~> Immediate Ignition -> BDS Success -> Jet Fire (0.00E+00),Gas Leaking -> Immediate Ignition -> BDS Fail -> .let Fire (3.07E-02),Gas Leaking -> Immediate Ignition -> FPS Success -> Explosion (0.00E+O0),Gas Leaking -> Immediate Ignition -> FPS Fail -> Explosion (1.62E~03),Gas Leaking -> Lagging Ignition -> BDS Success -> Flash Fire (0.00E+0O),Gas Leaking -> Lagging ignition -> BDS Fail -> Flash Fire (1 .62E-03), Gas Leaking -> Detector Fail -> ESD Success -> BDS Success -> FPSSuccess (8.08E-05),Gas Leaking -> Detector Fail -> ESD Fail -> BDS Fail (4.25E-06)ln case of ire occurs, the severity will be signiticant level with gas leak flowrate is 0.57 kgs/second during 125 seconds and the PLTGU Cilegon fuelstorage tank is in safe condition.By implementing the tire protection system maintenance program and regularpersonnel training for emergency response, the severity level of Gas MeteringStation will be minor and expected to be zero.

---

"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan di perusahaan tambang batu bara yang memiliki konsep penambangan terbuka. Fluktuasi angka kecelakaan dari tahun 2011-2017 menyebabkan PT XYZ memiliki potensi resiko kecelakaan yang tinggi. Hasil investigasi kecelakaan menyebutkan bahwa faktor utama yang menyebabkan kejadian kecelakaan yaitu faktor pengawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara safety leadership dengan safety performance di PT XYZ. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian kuantitatif ini adalah analisis komperatif dan analisis korelasi. Gaya kepemimpinan yang akan diidentifikasi melalui pendekatan persepsi dari manajemen (top dan middle management) serta dari karyawan (staff atau front line) dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang akan diberikan kepada 240 karyawan sehingga dapat diketahui gambaran gaya kepemimpianan yang saat ini menjadi budaya di PT XYZ. Gaya kepemimpinan akan dihubungkan dengan safety performance (safety inspection, safety motivation dan incident investigation). Berdasarkan hasil analisa data diperoleh bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional yang saat ini menjadi budaya di PT XYZ memiliki pengaruh positif yang siginifikan terhadap safety performance (safety inspection, safety motivation dan incident investigation).

---

PT XYZ as a mining industry has the fluctuations number of accidents in 2011-2017. The accident investigation state that the main factor caused the accident was a lack of supervision. This study examines the relationship between safety leadership and safety performance at PT XYZ. The methods used in this quantitative research are analytic correlation and analytic comparison. The leadership style that will be identified through the perception approach from management (top and middle management) as well as from employees (staff or front line) using a questionnaire that will be given to 240 employees to see the leadership style that is currently a culture at PT XYZ. The leadership style will analyze the correlation with safety performance (safety inspection, safety motivation, and incident investigation). The description of the research results has a positive impact between safety leadership and safety performance. These results indicated that safety leadership has a significant impact on three aspects on safety performance. Based on data analysis it was found that transformational leadership, which is currently a culture at PT XYZ, has a significant positive effected on safety performance (safety inspection, safety motivation and incident investigation)."

"Managing safety of diverse systems requires decision-making under uncertainties and risks. Such systems are typically characterized by spatio-temporal heterogeneities, inter-dependencies, externalities, endogenous risks, discontinuities, irreversibility, practically irreducible uncertainties, and rare events with catastrophic consequences. Traditional scientific approaches rely on data from real observations and experiments; yet no sufficient observations exist for new problems, and experiments are usually impossible. Therefore, science-based support for addressing such new class of problems needs to replace the traditional "deterministic predictions" analysis by new methods and tools for designing decisions that are robust against the involved uncertainties and risks. The new methods treat uncertainties explicitly by using "synthetic" information derived by integration of "hard" elements, including available data, results of possible experiments, and formal representations of scientific facts, with "soft" elements based on diverse representations of scenarios and opinions of public, stakeholders, and experts. The volume presents such effective new methods, and illustrates their applications in different problem areas, including engineering, economy, finance, agriculture, environment, and policy making.;Managing safety of diverse systems requires decision-making under uncertainties and risks. Such systems are typically characterized by spatio-temporal heterogeneities, inter-dependencies, externalities, endogenous risks, discontinuities, irreversibility, practically irreducible uncertainties, and rare events with catastrophic consequences. Traditional scientific approaches rely on data from real observations and experiments; yet no sufficient observations exist for new problems, and experiments are usually impossible. Therefore, science-based support for addressing such new class of problems needs to replace the traditional "deterministic predictions" analysis by new methods and tools for designing decisions that are robust against the involved uncertainties and risks. The new methods treat uncertainties explicitly by using "synthetic" information derived by integration of "hard" elements, including available data, results of possible experiments, and formal representations of scientific facts, with "soft" elements based on diverse representations of scenarios and opinions of public, stakeholders, and experts. The volume presents such effective new methods, and illustrates their applications in different problem areas, including engineering, economy, finance, agriculture, environment, and policy making."

"Rumah sakit-rumah sakit yang terletak di Kota Bontang, dimana Kota Bontang merupakan kota yang sedang berkembang dengan keberadaan dua perusahaan besar berskala internasional dengan potensi bencana seperti kegagalan teknologi, banjir, angin puting beliung, kebakaran lahan/hutan, dan kebakaran permukiman. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesiapsiagaan manajemen bencana rumah sakit di Kota Bontang menggunakan studi deskriptif observasional dan mixed methode dengan mengadopsi versi Hospital Safety Index. Metodenya adalah dengan pendekatan penilaian diri terhadap rumah sakit yang diaplikasikan untuk menilai kesiapsiagaan bencana dalam 151 item yang dikategorikan dalam tiga komponen termasuk keselamatan struktural, keselamatan nonstruktural, dan manajemen Bencana dan Kegawatdaruratan. Data primer tersebut kemudian diolah melalui Ms Excel dan hasilnya berupa mean untuk setiap komponen pada manajemen bencana rumah sakit lalu diklasifikasikan ke dalam kategori A (0.66-0.1), B (0.36-0.65), atau C (0-0.35). Hasil dari penelitian ini total nilai Hospital Safety Index untuk masing-masing rumah sakit, yaitu 0,90 untuk RSUD Taman Husada, 0,99 untuk RS Pupuk Kaltim, dan untuk RS 0,79 Islam Bontang. Namun tetap menunjukkan bahwa manajemen bencana rumah sakit telah siap dalam menghadapi bencana dan tetap berfungsi dalam situasi bencana. Meskipun demikian, rumah sakit tetap perlu melakukan usaha pencegahan dalam jangka panjang untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan bencana.

---

Hospitals located in Bontang City, where Bontang City is a developing city with the presence of two large international companies with potential disasters such as failures, floods, tornadoes, land/forest fires, and residential fires. To address this, the purpose of this study was to analyze hospital disaster management preparedness in Bontang City using descriptive observational studies and semi-quantitative methods by adopting the Hospital Safety Index version. A method is a self-assessment approach to hospitals that is applied to assess disaster preparedness in 151 items categorized into three components including structural safety, nonstructural safety, and emergency and disaster safety management. The primary data is then processed through Microsoft Excel and the results are the mean for each component in hospital disaster management and are classified into categories A (0.66-0.1), B (0.36-0.65), or C (0- 0.35). The results of this study total Hospital Safety Index for each hospital, which is 0.90 for Taman Husada Hospital, 0.99 for Pupuk Kaltim Hospital, and 0.79 for RS Islam Bontang Hospital, but still, show that hospital disaster management is ready in the face of disasters and continues to function in disaster situations. Even so, hospitals still need to take preventive efforts in the long term to improve disaster preparedness. "