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"Rencana pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) di Semenanjung Muria Jepara membutuhkan studi radioekologi kelautan yang merupakan salah satu tahapan praoperasional suatu reaktor nuklir. Studi radioekologi merupakan salah satu bagian dari studi tapak di calon lokasi PLTN. Studi tapak yang umum dalam lingkup radioekologi kelautan hanya terdiri dari data dasar (base line) radionuklida yang terkandung dalam kompartemen lingkungan laut Semenanjung Muria. Disisi lain studi radioekologi pada praoperasional fasilitas nuklir dilakukan untuk memperoleh base line data tingkatan radiasi dan konsentrasi radionuklida untuk penentuan sumber-sumber dampak. Pemantauan radionuklida di lingkungan laut Semenanjung Muria dalam konteks pra operasional PLTN sudah dilakukan selama lebih dari 8 tahun, namun studi radioekologi kelautan yang komprehensif meliputi: data base line radionuklida lengkap dan proses bioakumulasi radionuklida belum dilakukan secara terpadu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi kandungan radionuklida alam seperti Ra-226, Ra-228, K-40 dan radionuklida antropogenik seperti Cs-137 serta mekanisme bioakumulasi radionuklida Cs-137 dan Co-60 pada Perna viridis.

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Development plan of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) at Muria Peninsula Jepara require marine radioecology studies, which is one of the preoperational stage of a nuclear reactor. Study of radioecology is one part of the study site at potential location of nuclear plants. General study site marine radioecology only consist of base line data radionuclides in marine environmnetal compartement of Muria Peninsula. On the other hand study of radioecology on praoperational nuclear facilities conduct to obtain baseline data of radiation levels and concentrations of radionuclides for the determination of the sources impact. Monitoring of radionuclides in marine environment in the context of praoperational Muria Peninsula nuclear power plant have been done for over 8 years, but a comprehensive study of marine radioecology include: complete data base of radionuclides and bioaccumulation process has not been done in an integrated manner. This study conducted a study of natural radionuclide such as Ra-226, Ra-228, K-40 and anthropogenic radionuclides such as Cs-137 and the mechanism of bioaccumulation of radionuclides Cs-137 and Co-60 in Perna viridis."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis daya dukung lingkungan untuk pengelolaan pengembangan pariwisata. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis kesesuaian lahan pada masing-masing obyek wisata, menganalisis daya dukung lingkungan kawasan wisata, dan menganalisis skenario kebijakan pengelolaan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Pulau Pari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner, studi literatur (data sekunder) dan pengamatan di lapangan (data primer) yang diolah menggunakan analisiskesesuaian lahan, analisis daya dukung lingkungan, dan analisis trade off. Wisata snorkeling berada di Area Perlindungan Laut. Wisata pantai berada di Pantai Pasir Perawan, Pantai Kresek, Pantai Bintang, dan Pantai Berbintang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks kesesuaian wisata pada obyek wisata snorkeling yaitu sesuai sebesar 66%, sedangkan nilai indeks kesesuaian wisata pada obyek wisata pantai yaitu sangat sesuai dengan nilai 98,5% untuk Pantai Pasir Perawan, 92,6% untuk Pantai Kresek, 91% untuk Pantai Bintang, dan 92,6% untuk Pantai Berbintang. Total nilai daya dukung lingkungan dari semua obyek wisata adalah 331 pengunjung/hari. Pengembangan pengelolaan pariwisata 100% dari daya dukung lingkungan yang ada (skenario C) dianggap sebagai skenario terbaik untuk pengelolaan wisata Pulau Pari dengan membatasi jumlah pengunjung yang tidak melebihi 331 pengunjung/hari.

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This research is conducted using carrying capacity analysis method for management of tourism development. The purpose of this research is to analyze land suitability for each tourism site, to analyze the carrying capacityof tourism, and analyzing the authority scenario of sustainable tourism in Pari Island. This research conducted using quantitative method with data gathering through literary study (as secondary data), questioner, and field study (as primary data) which conducted using land suitability analysis, carrying capacity analysis, and trade off analysis. Especially the snorkeling that often seen in the Area Perlindungan Laut (APL). While the beach tourism often found in the Pasir Perawan beach, Kresek beach, Bintang beach, and Berbintang Beach.

The research shown that the tourist suitability index snorkeling tour at a tourist attraction that is appropriate for 66%, whereas the tourist suitability index on coastal tourism which is in accordance with the value of 98.5% for the Pasir Perawan beach, 92.6% for Kresek beach, 91% for Bintang beach, and 92.6% for Berbintang beach. The total amount of carrying capacity of environment effort above all tourism site is 331 tourist per day. The developing of tourism is 100% of the existing developing effort (scenario C) which considered as the best scenario for the development of tourism in Pari Island with carrying capacity amount that came per day which is not more that 331 tourists."

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Teluk Jakarta merupakan perairan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang sangat tinggi karena posisinya yang berada di Ibu Kota Indonesia namum perairan ini juga memiliki beban masukan yang tinggi mulai dari kegiatan domestik, industri, ataupun pertanian dari 13 muara sungai di sekitarnya yang berasal dari wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, dan Bekasi sehingga dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kelimpahan klorofil-a. Permasalahan kini muncul karena konsentrasi total material tersuspensi yang melebihi daya dukung perairan mendorong produktifitas seperti plankton untuk berkumpul dan tumbuh dengan sangat cepat sehingga menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Atas dasar tersebut, peneliti melakukan penelitian di Teluk Jakarta dengan tujuan : (1) Menganalisis hubungan Total Suspended Matter (TSM) dan klorofil-a case 2 (CHL2), (2) Menganalisis hubungan parameter fisik kelautan terhadap kesuburan di teluk Jakarta, serta (3) Mensintesis hubungan seluruh variabel penelitian terhadap kesuburan. Data yang digunakan adalah data bulanan dari seluruh data dari sensor OLCI-A yang tersedia di GlobColour Project yaitu bulan April 2016 - Desember 2018. Seluruh data diolah menggunakan metode SIG  secara time series untuk mengetahui karakter masing masing variabel terutama terkait pada bulan angin muson. Selanjutnya digunakan analisa regresi linear, uji-F, dan uji-T untuk mengetahui hubungan terhadap variabel penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain terdapat  hubungan yang sangat kuat antara TSM dan CHL2 dengan nilai R = 0,905 dan nilai P= 0,000 < 0,05, parameter kelautan yang dominan terhadap kesuburan adalah parameter arus laut terutama pada musim barat, variabel penelitian dengan variansi searah kuat yaitu CHL2 dengan TSM dan arus laut, variansi berkebalikan kuat dengan curah hujan dan temperatur.

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Jakarta bay is a water that have high economic value because of its position in the Indonesian capital city, but these water also have a  high input load due to domestic, industrial, or agricultural activities from the surrounding river estuaries comes from Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi regions that can have an impact on the high concentration of chlorophyll-a. The problem comes when the concentration of TSM exceeds the carrying capacity of the water thus encouraging plankton to grow and develop rapidly so it can cause eutrophication . Based on this, the author conducted research in the Jakarta bay with the following objectives: (1) Analyzing the relationship of TSM and Chlorophyll-a Case 2 (CHL2), (2) Analyzing the relationship of marine physical parameter to productivity in Jakarta bay, and (3) Synthesize the relationship of all data variables to productivity. Data collection was conducted in April 2016 – December 2018 using monthly data from OLCI-A sensors available at GlobColour project. All data were processed using the GIS and time series method to determine the character of each variable, especially related to Monsoon. Furhermore, linear regression analysis, F-Test and T-Testwere used to determine the relationship to the research variables. The result obtaineda very strong relationship between TSM and CHL2 with R value 0,905 and P value 0,000<0,05, in the marine physical parameters, the dominant parameter was sea current that distribute productivity. Research variables that have a strong relationship were CHL2 with TSM, current velocity, rainfall, and temperature.

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"ABSTRAKLahan adalah salah satu sumber daya alam yang terbatas. Kebutuhan lahan yang tinggi mengakibatkan adanya rekayasa teknologi yaitu reklamasi lahan. Reklamasi seharusnya bertujuan untuk meningkatkan manfaat sumber daya lahan untuk dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, tetapi kenyataannya berkontribusi pada masalah lingkungan dan konflik sosial. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberlanjutan sumber daya laut dan pesisir di lokasi reklamasi Teluk Benoa melalui penilaian dari 4 dimensi, yaitu: Lingkungan, Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut. Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode Multidimensional Scaling MDS untuk menilai keberlanjutan sumber daya laut dan pesisir di lokasi reklamasi Teluk Benoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai keberlanjutan dari masing-masing dimensi yaitu Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut 27,05 -Kurang Berkelanjutan , Ekonomi 44,313 -Kurang Berkelanjutan , Sosial 49,79 -Kurang Berkelanjutan , Lingkungan 49,88 -Kurang Berkelanjutan . Berdasarkan 4 dimensi keberlanjutan, nilai keberlanjutan sumber daya laut dan pesisir di lokasi reklamasi Teluk Benoa adalah 43,15 Kurang Berkelanjutan . Diperlukan intervensi lebih lanjut apabila rencana reklamasi ini tetap dilaksanakan di Teluk Benoa.

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ABSTRACTLand is one of limited natural resources. The high requirement of land made technology develop by reclamation method. The purpose of reclamation should be for increasing the benefit of natural resources and community welfare, but in fact the reclamation contribute the environmental problem and social conflict. The aims of this research are analyzing the sustainability of marine and coastal resources in Benoa Bay Reclamation Site based on 4 dimension, there are Environmental, Social, Economic, and Marine Spatial Utilization. This research was conducted quantitative approach by Multidimensional Scaling MDS for assessing the sustainability of marine and coastal resources. The result of research shows sustainability value of each dimension in sequence starting from the lowest is Marine Spatial Utilization 44,31 Less Sustainable , Social 49,79 Less Sustainable , Environmental 49,88 Less Sustainable . The overall sustainability value of marine and coastal resource analysis in Benoa Bay reclamation site is 43,15 Less Sustainable . Further consideration is needed if the reclamation plan is to be implemented in Benoa Bay.Keywords Marine and Coastal Resources, Sustainability, Benoa Bay, Reclamation, MDS"

"Changes in marine ecology are normal, because the earth is dynamic, and are getting worse and faster since human are involved in their processes, indicating the Anthropocene Era begins. Consequently, three parameters to measure the quality of the earth for living, i.e. climate changes, rate of biodiversity loss, and nitrogen cycles, have been over the maximum thresholds. In general, changes in marine ecology are caused by phenomena that are occuring in global scale e.g. increasing of CO2 emission, global warming, and ocean acidification, regional scale e.g. overfishing, and changes in oceagraphical processes, rain and storm, and local scale e.g. eutrophication, sedimentation, pollution, biological invasions, herbivory, and diseases. Result of reviews shows that major causes of changes in marine ecology in Indonesia may be global warming, overfishing, and coastal pollution. As a result, species richness, abundance, distribution, and community structure of marine ecosystems in Indonesia change significantly."

"Utilization hydroacoustic methods in recent years have become increasingly effective for estimating the abundance of marine fish, especially fish stocks, where is impossible to do with conventional methods approach. Widely hydroacoustic technology has been used to map and classify the content of the resource base of waters and benthic animals that are on the bottom, type of substrate and benthic biota. Target Strength is the most important factor in the detection and prediction of fish stocks by using hydroacoustic. The TS is a measure that can describe the ability of a target to reflect sound waves that come about it. In the propagation of sound waves, the amount of energy per second will be flowing through the unit certain area perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The amount of energy per second crossing a certain area of the unit refers to as the intensity of the wave. The system of detection and measurement of underwater involves three components, namely medium, targets, and equipment. Sonar equation is built based on the similarity or balance between the parts of the received signal, the desired called signal and the unwanted parts referred noise or noise, depending on the specific sonar functions are applied."

"ABSTRAKPemetaan potensi sumber daya pulau kecil membutuhkan informasi spasial skala detail yang dapat diperoleh dengan cepat. Teknologi penginderaan jauh citra satelit resolusi tinggi yang umum digunakan memiliki beberapa kendala seperti ketersediaan data, tingginya biaya pembelian data, serta adanya hambatan lainnya seperti tutupan awan. Tesis ini melakukan kajian tentang pemanfaatan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) untuk pemetaan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut pulau kecil sebagai solusi alternatif pengganti citra satelit resolusi tinggi. Kajian dilaksanakan dengan studi kasus di Pulau Pramuka, Kab. Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Akuisisi data dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2015 dimana dihasilkan citra orthofoto dan model permukaan digital dengan resolusi spasial 10 cm. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan berbasis obyek yang dibandingkan dengan pengolahan citra satelit Worldview-2. Sebagai validator digunakan data survei lapangan pada bulan Juni 2015. Hasil klasifikasi penutup lahan pulau kecil dengan menggunakan UAV memiliki nilai akurasi sebesar 94 % dan habitat perairan dangkal dengan kelas kerapatan sebesar 54 % dan tanpa kelas kerapatan sebesar 68 %. Nilai akurasi citra Worldview-2 untuk penutup lahan sebesar 60 % dan habitat perairan dangkal dengan kelas kerapatan sebesar 38 % dan tanpa kelas kerapatan sebesar 56 %.Hasil uji akurasi menunjukkan bahwa pengunaan data UAV memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan menggunakan citra satelit Worldview-2. Perbedaan hasil akurasi disebabkan karena perbedaan resolusi spasial, perbedaan informasi tambahan (model permukaan digital), dan adanya efek kilatan pada Worldview-2. UAV memiliki kelebihan dalam akuisisi data yang cepat, resolusi spasial yang sangat tinggi dan adanya data model permukaan digital dibandingkan dengan citra satelit Worldview-2, namun memiliki kekurangan dalam resolusi spektral yang rendah, resiko pada wahana, dan kebutuhan sumberdaya manusia dalam operasional wahana. Pemanfaatan data UAV untuk pemetaan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut pulau kecil dapat menjadi pengganti penggunaan citra satelit yang umum digunakan.

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ABSTRACT

Mapping of potential resources on small islands requires very detail spatial information that can be obtained quickly. Remote sensing technology of highresolution (multispectral) satellite imagery which is commonly used has several constraints such as high cost and availability data as well as cloud coverage. This research was conducted in order to study the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for mapping coastal and marine resources of small islands as an alternative solution to high-resolution satellite imagery. The research was conducted based on a case study at Pulau Pramuka, Kab. Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. The primary data was obtained through an aerial survey carried out on April 2015 where 10 cm spatial resolution of orthofoto imagery and digital surface model were generated. To point out the remarkable use of UAV for coastal and marine resources mapping, a set of Worldview-2 digital imagery was also used for comparison. Both data analysis were performed using an object-based approach to produce land cover and shallow water habitat classes. Furthermore, field check data on June 2015 were used to validate the classification result. The thematic accuracy of land cover classification using UAV was 94%, and shallow water habitat classification with and without density class respectively were 54% and 68%, respectively. In the other hand, the thematic accuracy of Worldview-2 for land cover lassification was 60%, and shallow water habitats classification with and without density class respectively were 38% and 56%, respectively.

Accuracy assessment value showed that the use of UAV data gave better results than Worldview-2 satellite imagery. Differences in accuracy assessment results were due to the differences in spatial resolution, additional information such as digital surface model, and sunglint effect on Worldview-2. The UAV method have more advantages in rapid data acquisition, very high spatial resolution, and digital surface model data compared to Worldview-2 imagery, but lack of spectral resolution quality, the vehicle risk, and a specific human resources skill for operating the vehicle. The UAV data utilization for mapping coastal and marine resources of small island can become a substitute for the use of common satellite imagery."