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" The study attempted to identify important ejects ofdemographic characteristics on infant and child mortality. The datafor the study was collected in 2004 under the project of the UNFPAentitled "Strengthening the Department of Population Science andHuman Resource Development" of Rajshahi University,Bangladesh. Application of logistic regression model suggests thatdemographic factors are associated with the chance of cliildsurvival. Breastfeeding and immunization practice of children hashighly significant effects on infant and child mortality among all theincluded demographic variables. The results show that the risk ofinfant and child mortality was higher for children whose mothernever breastfed than for children who were breastfed. The analysisresults also show that the children who got full immunizations hadlower risks of infant and child mortality than those who were notimmunized at all. Similarly, risk of infant and child mortalitygradually declined as both mother ?s age at marriage and mother 'sage at birth increased"

"The main purposes of this study is to investigate the effectsof antenatal and delivery care on neonatal mortality in RajshahiDistrict, Bangladesh. The study has also been made to examine thedifferentials and their intensify of the influences on neonatalmortality by employing multiple classification analysis (MCA)technique. The results indicate that among the included variables,visit of health worker is the strongest contributing factors onneonatal mortality followed by medical check-up as the secondstrangest predictor. The results also reveal Ilia! taking vitamin, T T(tetanus toxoid) injection during pregnancy and place of deliveryare also major influential factors on neonatal mortality."

"Tengkes (stunting) merupakan salah satu permasalahan gizi kurang pada balita yang ada di Indonesia. Pengelolaan sampah yang belum maksimal di TPA dapat menimbulkan pencemaran sanitasi lingkungan yang menjadi faktor penyebab tidak langsung tengkes (stunting) dan perilaku hidup bersih yang kurang. TPA Cipeucang menjadi satu-satunya TPA untuk wilayah Tangerang Selatan dengan 2 kelurahan yang berada dekat dengan TPA mengalami kenaikan kasus tengkes (stunting) pada tahun 2021-2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sanitasi dasar rumah sehat dan personal higiene rumah tangga dengan kejadian tengkes tengkes (stunting) pada balita di pemukiman sekitar TPA Cipeucang Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh balita yang ada di pemukiman sekitar TPA meliputi 2 Kelurahan dengan 4 RT dan 2 RW. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 86 dengan menggunakan teknik total dan purposive sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan April hingga Juni 2023. Analisis data menggunakan univariat, bivariat (uji Chi Square) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara sarana air minum dengan tengkes (stunting) (p=0,05, POR=1,89) dan menjadi faktor dominan penyebab tengkes (stunting) (p=0,054). Sedangkan sarana air bersih (p=0,374, POR=1,44), sarana jamban (p=0,613, POR=1,22), sarana pembuangan air limbah (p=1,000, POR=1,54), kebersihan kulit (p=1,000, POR=1,24) serta kebersihan kuku dan tangan (p=0,625, POR=1,22) tidak berhubungan dengan tengkes (stunting) namun berpotensi menjadi risiko tengkes (stunting). Sarana pengelolaan sampah padat rumah tangga (p=0,310) tidak ada hubungan dengan tengkes (stunting) dan bukan merupakan faktor risiko. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah sarana sanitasi dasar air minum memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian tengkes (stunting) dan menjadi faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian tengkes (stunting) pada balita di pemukiman sekitar TPA Cipeucang Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2023.

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Stunting is one of malnutrition problems towards toddlers in Indonesia. Environmental sanitation has an important role against stunting. Waste management that has not been maximized at landfill can cause environmental sanitation pollution and lack of healthy hygiene behavior. Cipeucang Landfill is the only landfill for South Tangerang City with 2 sub-districts that are close to the landfill and have an increase stunting case in 2021-2022. This study aims to determine the relationship between basic healthy home sanitation and household personal hygiene with stunting case towards toddlers in settlements around Cipeucang Landfill, Tangerang Selatan City. This type of research is observational analytic through a cross sectional approach. The study population was all toddlers in settlements around Cipeucang Landfill with 2 Sub-Districts (4 RTs and 2 RWs). The research sample was 86 using a total and purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted from April to June 2023. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate (Chi Square test) and multivariate (logistic regression test). The results showed that there was relation between drinking water facilities and stunting (p=0.05, POR=1.89) and became a dominant factor causing stunting (p=0.054). While clean water facilities (p=0.374, POR=1.44), latrines (p=0.613, POR=1.22), waste water disposal facilities (p=1.000, POR=1.54), skin hygiene (p=1.000, POR=1.24) and hand and nail hygiene (p=0.625, POR=1.22) were not related to stunting but were potentially a risk of stunting. Household solid waste management facilities (p=0.310) have no relation with stunting and is not a risk factor. The conclusion in this study is basic sanitation facility for drinking water has a significant relationship with stunting case and is the dominant factor influencing stunting case towards toddlers in the settlements around TPA Cipeucang, South Tangerang City, 2023."

"B. hominis dan G. lamblia adalah parasit usus yang sering menyebabkan diare pada anak-anak terutama pada anak-anak dibawah usia lima tahun. Namun patogenitas Blastocystis hominis menyebabkan diare masih menjadi kontroversi dikalangan para peneliti, B. hominis sering ditemukan bersama organisme lainnya yang lebih cenderung menjadi penyebab diare sehingga diare tersebut seringkali dihubungkan dengan organisme selain B. hominis. Salah satu organisme yang paling banyak ditemukan bersama dengan B. hominis adalah Giardia. lamblia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan infeksi campur B. hominis adalah G. lamblia dengan kejadian diare pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang, menggunakan 206 sampel yang didapatkan dari data sekunder hasil pemeriksaan tinja pada populasi balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara pada tahun 2006 yang diperoleh dari Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Dari 206 sampel 19.9% diantaranya mengalami infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia . Dan angka kejadian diare pada sampel mencapai 19.5%, dengan 26.7% pada infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dan 73.3% pada individu yang tidak terinfeksi parasit. Sampel kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dan kelompok yang tidak terinfeksi parasit usus. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik untuk menilai hubungan infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dengan kejadia diare. Dengan uji Chisqure didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dengan kejadian diare pada populasi balita dengan nilai p=0.315 (p>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara infeksi campur B. hominis dan G. lamblia dengan kejadian diare pada populasi balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara pada tahun 2006.

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B. hominis and G. lamblia are intestinal parasites that commonly cause diarrhea in children, especially those less than 5 years old. Nevertheless, the pathogenicity of B. hominis to cause diarrhea is still debated by researchers, as B. hominis is usually found mixed with other organisms, which one of those is G. lamblia. This study aimed to identify the association between mixed infection of B. hominis and G. lamblia and the occurrence of diarrhea in under five year old children. A cross sectional study was carried out using 206 samples acquired from secondary data of stool examination among children in Jatinegara district in 2006. Among 206 samples obtained, 19.9% were infected with both B. hominis and G. lamblia. A total of 19.5% children had diarrhea. Among them, 26.7% were infected with both B. hominis and G. lamblia, and the rest (74.3%) were free of intestinal parasites infection. The infected group was then compared with the uninfected group to observe any significant relation between mixed infection of B. hominis and G. lamblia and the occurrence of diarrhea. Statistical analysis using chi square test revealed that were was no relationship between mixed infection of B. hominis and G. lamblia and the occurrence of diarrhea (p=0.315). In conclusion, mixed infection B. hominis and G. lamblia was not associated with diarrhea in under five year old children in this region."

"Contraception is an integral dimension of women'shealth both of them are components of the broader- objectives offamily planning and life long well-being i.e., controlling ones lifepattern. Research data indicates of decline in fertility rates. infantmortality and child mortality rates with womens' development andeconomic advancement, women ?s acknowledge the need forcontraception and limiting the number of pregnancies. This studyused the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, l 998-99),2000, for currently married women aged l5-49 years. The objectiveof the study is to explore the substantial impact of the use moderncontraceptive methods on fertility, infant and child mortality ratesin India. The knowledge of modern contraceptive methods is nearlyuniform (99%) among the currently married women irrespective oftheir socioeconomic and geographical affiliation. The practice ofcontraception does not only reduce the fertility, infant, and childmortality rates, but also has major impact on the quality of theirlives and reproductive health status. The strong, consistent, andnegative significant eject of family planning methods have beenobserved on aggregate decline of fertility. infant, and childmortality. The socioeconomic background of women (education,religion, and standard of living) influenced the practice of familyplanning methods significantly. The use of family planning methodssubsequently help to bring down the fertility, infant, and childmortality rates."

"Fungsi paru bayi pada usia awal kehidupan dapat memprediksi penyakit pernapasan dan perkembangan fungsi paru di kemudian hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik fungsi paru pada bayi di Indonesia dan membandingkannya dengan populasi di negara barat. Penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan di RS Budi Kemuliaan, Jakarta. Dengan menggunakan automated single occlusion technique, peneliti mengukur fungsi paru pada 124 bayi. Data komplians (Crs) dan resistensi (Rrs) total dari sistem pernapasan kemudian dibandingkan dengan data dari studi WHISTLER di Belanda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa selain faktor usia, berat badan, dan panjang badan, polusi udara juga merupakan faktor determinan penting pada fungsi paru bayi di Indonesia.

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Infant lung function in early life can predict respiratory disease and later lung development. We aimed to understand the characteristics of lung function in Indonesian healthy infant and to compare these with a Western population. We performed a cross-sectional study in Budi Kemuliaan Hospital in Jakarta. Using the automated single occlusion technique we measured lung function in 124 infants. The data of compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) of the respiratory system were compared with data from the WHISTLER study in Neatherlands. Our results suggest that besides age, weight and height, air pollution is an important determinant of infant lung function in Indonesian children."

"[Upaya peningkatan pemberian ASI Eksklusif masih terus dilakukan. Kondisi ini yang mendasari dilakukannya penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengalaman menyusui ibu multipara. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain deskriptif melalui pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 107 responden menggunakan Breastfeeding Study Questionnaire yang sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil uji coba pada uji validitas didapatkan 35 pertanyaan bernilai valid sedangkan uji reliabilitas didapatkan 13 pertanyaan bernilai reliabel. Hasil penelitian pengalaman menyusui menunjukkan bahwa 88,8% ibu multipara memiliki pengalaman menyusui yang baik. Ibu multipara dengan riwayat menyusui sebelumnya memiliki pengalaman menyusui yang baik. Instrumen penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk survei tentang pengalaman menyusui dan memberikan data yang lebih detil, hanya perlu ditambahkan pertanyaan mengenai menyusui eksklusif.

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Effort increase exclusive breastfeeding are still underway. This condition underlying this study to describe breastfeeding experiences in multiparas mother. This study using descriptive design trough cross-sectional. Data were collected on 107 respondents using breastfeeding study questionnaire that has been translated into Bahasa. The result on validity test shows that 35 questions are valid while reliability test shows that 13 questions are reliable. Result from breastfeeding experiences study shows that 88,8% multiparas mother has good experience. Mother with breastfeeding history has good breastfeeding experience. The instrument in this study can be use for survey study about breastfeeding experience and give more detailed information, additional questions about exclusive breastfeeding are needed;Effort increase exclusive breastfeeding are still underway. This condition underlying this study to describe breastfeeding experiences in multiparas mother. This study using descriptive design trough cross-sectional. Data were collected on 107 respondents using breastfeeding study questionnaire that has been translated into Bahasa. The result on validity test shows that 35 questions are valid while reliability test shows that 13 questions are reliable. Result from breastfeeding experiences study shows that 88,8% multiparas mother has good experience. Mother with breastfeeding history has good breastfeeding experience. The instrument in this study can be use for survey study about breastfeeding experience and give more detailed information, additional questions about exclusive breastfeeding are needed;Effort increase exclusive breastfeeding are still underway. This condition underlying this study to describe breastfeeding experiences in multiparas mother. This study using descriptive design trough cross-sectional. Data were collected on 107 respondents using breastfeeding study questionnaire that has been translated into Bahasa. The result on validity test shows that 35 questions are valid while reliability test shows that 13 questions are reliable. Result from breastfeeding experiences study shows that 88,8% multiparas mother has good experience. Mother with breastfeeding history has good breastfeeding experience. The instrument in this study can be use for survey study about breastfeeding experience and give more detailed information, additional questions about exclusive breastfeeding are needed;Effort increase exclusive breastfeeding are still underway. This condition underlying this study to describe breastfeeding experiences in multiparas mother. This study using descriptive design trough cross-sectional. Data were collected on 107 respondents using breastfeeding study questionnaire that has been translated into Bahasa. The result on validity test shows that 35 questions are valid while reliability test shows that 13 questions are reliable. Result from breastfeeding experiences study shows that 88,8% multiparas mother has good experience. Mother with breastfeeding history has good breastfeeding experience. The instrument in this study can be use for survey study about breastfeeding experience and give more detailed information, additional questions about exclusive breastfeeding are needed;Effort increase exclusive breastfeeding are still underway. This condition underlying this study to describe breastfeeding experiences in multiparas mother. This study using descriptive design trough cross-sectional. Data were collected on 107 respondents using breastfeeding study questionnaire that has been translated into Bahasa. The result on validity test shows that 35 questions are valid while reliability test shows that 13 questions are reliable. Result from breastfeeding experiences study shows that 88,8% multiparas mother has good experience. Mother with breastfeeding history has good breastfeeding experience. The instrument in this study can be use for survey study about breastfeeding experience and give more detailed information, additional questions about exclusive breastfeeding are needed, Effort increase exclusive breastfeeding are still underway. This condition underlying this study to describe breastfeeding experiences in multiparas mother. This study using descriptive design trough cross-sectional. Data were collected on 107 respondents using breastfeeding study questionnaire that has been translated into Bahasa. The result on validity test shows that 35 questions are valid while reliability test shows that 13 questions are reliable. Result from breastfeeding experiences study shows that 88,8% multiparas mother has good experience. Mother with breastfeeding history has good breastfeeding experience. The instrument in this study can be use for survey study about breastfeeding experience and give more detailed information, additional questions about exclusive breastfeeding are needed]"

"Upaya peningkatan pemberian ASI Eksklusif masih terus dilakukan. Kondisi ini yang mendasari dilakukannya penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengalaman menyusui ibu multipara. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain deskriptif melalui pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 107 responden menggunakan Breastfeeding Study Questionnaire yang sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil uji coba pada uji validitas didapatkan 35 pertanyaan bernilai valid sedangkan uji reliabilitas didapatkan 13 pertanyaan bernilai reliabel. Hasil penelitian pengalaman menyusui menunjukkan bahwa 88,8% ibu multipara memiliki pengalaman menyusui yang baik. Ibu multipara dengan riwayat menyusui sebelumnya memiliki pengalaman menyusui yang baik. Instrumen penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk survei tentang pengalaman menyusui dan memberikan data yang lebih detil, hanya perlu ditambahkan pertanyaan mengenai menyusui eksklusif.

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Effort increase exclusive breastfeeding are still underway. This condition underlying this study to describe breastfeeding experiences in multiparas mother. This study using descriptive design trough cross-sectional. Data were collected on 107 respondents using breastfeeding study questionnaire that has been translated into Bahasa. The result on validity test shows that 35 questions are valid while reliability test shows that 13 questions are reliable. Result from breastfeeding experiences study shows that 88,8% multiparas mother has good experience. Mother with breastfeeding history has good breastfeeding experience. The instrument in this study can be use for survey study about breastfeeding experience and give more detailed information, additional questions about exclusive breastfeeding are needed."