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"Tanaman dari genus ferula merupakan bahan alam yang mengandung senyawa gercumin. Gercumin merupakan derivat kurkumin yang mengalami prenilasi pada gugus –OH dari cincin aromatis kurkumin. Mengisolasi kurkumin dilanjutkan dengan reaksi prenilasi salah satu cara untuk mensintesis senyawa gercumin. Kurkumin yang digunakan dalam prenilasi adalah kurkumin hasil isolasi dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol dan pemisahannya digunakan kromatografi kolom. Hasil analisis LC-MS kurkumin menunjukan nilai m/e=369 (M+H). Kurkumin hasil isolasi diprenilasi dengan dua katalis heterogen, yaitu SiO2-H2SO4 dan K2CO3. Kedua produk prenil memiliki hasil yang serupa dari karakterisasi spektrofotometer FT-IR dengan munculnya peak pada daerah 1400 cm-1. Hasil analisis dengan LC-MS menunjukan nilai m/e = 505. Dimana, pada nilai tersebut diduga 2 gugus prenil yang masuk ke dalam kurkumin. Kurkumin terprenilasi dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan dan dikarakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 517 nm lalu dibandingkan. Adanya persentase kenaikan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 39,4% membuktikan bahwa kurkumin terprenilasi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kurkumin hasil isolasi.

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Plant from genus ferula is natural product containing gercumin compounds. Gercumin is a prenylated curcumin at the –OH position from the aromatic ring of curcumin. Isolate of curcumin followed by the reaction with dimethyl allyl bromide is a way to synthesize compounds gercumin. Curcumin used in prenylation is isolated by maceration with ethanol solvent and separated by column chromatography . Result from analysis LC-MS showed curcumin value m/e = 369 (M+H). Prenylation of curcumin was conducted using two heterogeneous catalysts, namely SiO2-H2SO4 and K2CO3. Both products prenylation have similar results of FT-IR spectrophotometer characterization with the advent of the peak at 1400 cm-1 region, results with LC-MS analysis showed the value of m / e = 505. So, on the value m/e has possibility that there are two prenyl groups get into curcumin. Prenylated curcumin was tested antioxidant activity and characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 517 nm and compared. The existence of the percentage increase in the antioxidant activity of 39,4% prenylated curcumin proved that it has better antioxidant activity than isolated curcumin without prenylation."

"Reaksi katalisis heterogen telah banyak diaplikasikan untuk menggantikan reaksi katalisis homogen dimana katalis yang digunakan umumnya sulit dipisahkan dengan produk hasil reaksi. Terlebih lagi pada beberapa katalis homogen bersifat tidak ramah lingkungan seperti reaksi nitrasi yang menggunakan katalis homogen asam sulfat pekat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi struktur eugenol hasil isolasi dari minyak cengkeh melalui reaksi nitrasi pada aromatik eugenol. Reaksi nitrasi dilakukan melalui katalisis homogen asam sulfat pekat dan katalisis heterogen dengan SiO2 - H2SO4 sintesis sebagai katalis heterogen. Hasil produk nitro-eugenol tersebut dikarakterisasi menggunakan TLC-Scanner, LC-MS, dan GC. Hasil TLC mengindikasikan hasil reaksi selama 5 jam dengan katalis asam SiO2 - H2SO4 terdapat eugenol yang belum terkonversi sehingga dilakukan variasi waktu reaksi: 6, 12, dan 18 jam reaksi. Hasil analisis MS pada katalisis heterogen 18 jam reaksi menunjukan terdapat dua gugus nitro yang tersubstitusi pada aromatik eugenol sedangkan pada katalisis homogen tersubstitusi tiga gugus nitro. Berdasarkan analisis GC didapatkan %konversi nitro-eugenol hampir mencapai 100% pada 6, 12, dan 18 jam reaksi, dan %yield sebesar 78,394%; 87,371% dan 99,960% secara berurutan.

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Heterogeneous catalysis reactions have been applied to replace homogeneous catalysis reactions in which the catalyst are generally difficult to separate from the reaction products. Moreover some of homogeneous catalysis reaction are environmentally unfriendly such as nitration reactions using concentrated sulfuric acid. In this study, the structure of isolated eugenol from clove oil was modified through the aromatic nitration reaction. The nitration reaction were performed over homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis reaction using SiO2 - H2SO4 as the heterogenous catalyst.

The reaction products nitro-eugenol were characterized using TLC-Scanner, LC-MS, and GC. The identifications by TLC indicated that the heterogenous nitration reactions of eugenol had not succeded converted most of the eugenol in 5h reaction time, so that the reaction times were varied from 6h to 18h. The MS analysis showed that two nitro groups were bound to the aromatic ring of eugenol over heterogenous catalysis, whereas over the homogenous catalysis three nitro groups were bound to the aromatic ring of eugenol. Based on GC analysis, the %conversion of eugenol were almost 100% for 6h, 12h, and 18h of reaction times and the %products distribution were 78.39%, 87.37% and 99.96% successively."