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"Tesis ini mengkritik pendekatan human security PBB melalui implementsi resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1325 dalam isu kekerasan seksual (pemerkosaan dan perbudakan seksual) di Timor Leste pada masa konflik (1975-1999). Penulis menggunakan metode studi literature dengan dokumen Chega CAVR sebagai rujukan data kekerasan seksual di Timor Leste pada masa konflik. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori feminisme radikal kultural yang menekankan pada tiga konsep dasar, yakni budaya patriarki, power dan penindasan yang berdampak pada gagasan revolusioner untuk mengakhiri penindasan. Penulis ingin menunjukkan proses pengarusutaman gender dalam operasi perdamaian PBB (UNTAET) di Timor Leste sebagai implementasi resolusi 1325 yang berimplikasi pada pembentukan CAVR namun gagal melawan budaya bisu yang disebabkan oleh budaya patriarki. Budaya bisu perempuan Timor Leste ini membentuk impunitas pelaku kekersaan seksual di Timor Leste pada masa konflik dan berlanjut hingga kini. Tesis ini menemukan dua hal, yakni secara teoritis, adanya integrasi pendekatan human security PBB dengan lensa gender dalam isu kekerasan seksual dalam konflik. Secara empiris, CAVR bukanlah implementasi gagasan revolusioner teori feminisme radikal kultural. Mobilitas CAVR hanya merekomendasikan proses peradilan bagi milisi pro-integrasi di Timor Leste tetapi kurang menargetkan militer Indonesia sebagai pelaku utama kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan Timor Leste pada masa konflik.

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This paper criticizes UN human security approach through the implementation of UN Security Council resolution 1325 on sexual violence issue (rape and sexual slavery) in Timor Leste during the conflict (1975-1999). The method used is literature study with CAVR Chega document as reference for data on sexual violence in Timor Leste during the conflict. The theory used is cultural radical feminism which emphasizes three basic concepts, patriarchal culture, power and oppression impacted on revolutionary ideas to end oppression. The author show gender mainstreaming process in Timor Leste UN peace operations (UNTAET) as the implementation of resolution 1325 and the implications for the foundation of CAVR Commission that failed to change culture of silence caused by patriarchal culture. This silent culture of East Timorese women promotes impunity for perpetrators of sexual assault in Timor Leste during conflict period. This paper discovers two main things: theoretically, the integration of the UN human security approach with gender lens in sexual violence issue during conflict. Empirically, CAVR is not the implementation of revolutionary idea based on cultural radical feminism theory. The CAVR's mobility urges judicial process for pro-integration militias in Timor Leste but lacked demanding on Indonesian military as main perpetrator of sexual violence against East Timorese women during the conflict"

"This collection of essays explores the relationship between nationalism and human rights by probing from various angles the nature of nationalism and the normative orientation of human rights. By critically addressing the tension between nationalism This collection of essays explores the relationship between nationalism human rights that is presumed in much of the existing literature, the essays in this volume confront the question of how we should construe human rights: as a normative challenge to the excesses of modernity, particularly those associated with the modern nation-state, or as an adjunct of globalization, with its attendant goal of constructing a universal civilization based on neoliberal economic principles and individual liberty"

"[;This book examines the crucial issues affecting human rights education in contexts of culture, religious and societal diversity. This book considers a variety of connected content and methodological issues in three major sections : philosophical and policy perspectives, gender discourses, and discourses on narratives as safe spaces. The focus of the various chapters succeeds in establishing both a foundation and platform for dialogue surrounding human rights and human rights education in modern policy and governance. Aptly named “Safe spaces”, the edition offers in-depth and credible (“safe”) nuances (“spaces”), in terms of the somewhat reified concept of human rights, at a time when human rights remains a highly topical and contested international issue. ;This book examines the crucial issues affecting human rights education in contexts of culture, religious and societal diversity. This book considers a variety of connected content and methodological issues in three major sections : philosophical and policy perspectives, gender discourses, and discourses on narratives as safe spaces. The focus of the various chapters succeeds in establishing both a foundation and platform for dialogue surrounding human rights and human rights education in modern policy and governance. Aptly named “Safe spaces”, the edition offers in-depth and credible (“safe”) nuances (“spaces”), in terms of the somewhat reified concept of human rights, at a time when human rights remains a highly topical and contested international issue. , This book examines the crucial issues affecting human rights education in contexts of culture, religious and societal diversity. This book considers a variety of connected content and methodological issues in three major sections : philosophical and policy perspectives, gender discourses, and discourses on narratives as safe spaces. The focus of the various chapters succeeds in establishing both a foundation and platform for dialogue surrounding human rights and human rights education in modern policy and governance. Aptly named “Safe spaces”, the edition offers in-depth and credible (“safe”) nuances (“spaces”), in terms of the somewhat reified concept of human rights, at a time when human rights remains a highly topical and contested international issue. ]"