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"Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the world is quite high, especially in developing countries. Usually the patient shows no specific symptoms and chronic gastritis therefore becomes chronically infected The complication of the injéction is the development of peptic ulcer; which is a predisposing factor for gastric carcinoma. Early diagnosis is an important step to avoid these complications by providing immediate accurate therapy. Methods: In this study the CLO, MIU (Motility Indole Urease) tests and culture were conducted on 131 biopsy samples of the stomach antrum mucous tissue taken from chronic dyspepsia patients from several hospitals in Jakarta. In the CLO test, biopsy tissue was put in a small well agar to be incubated at room temperature. In the MIU test the biopsy tissue sample was submerged in the small MlU tube agar with a depth of approximately 2/3 rds from the surface, and then incubated at room temperature. Another piece of biopsy tissue was cultured micro-aerophylicalty The CLO and MlU tests are considered positive if the color changes from yellow to red and are considered negative if there is no color change within 24 hours. Results: Compared to culture, the CLO test demonstrated 38% sensitivity; 96% specificity, 94% positive predictive value and 52% negative predictive value, whereas the results of the MIU test against culture method showed 76% sensitivity 89% specificity 88% positive predictive value, and 78% negative predictive value. Conclusion: The MIU test that showed high sensitivity and specyficity and thus could be further developed as an alternative diagnostic method for H. pylori infection."

"Latar belakang: Sepsis sulit dibedakan dengan respon inflamasi non infeksi secara klinis dan kultur darah yang merupakan gold standar diagnosis sepsis memiliki banyak keterbatasan. Presepsin merupakan suatu biomarker baru namun belum banyak data tentang efektifitas penggunaanya pada anak.Tujuan: Mengetahui nilai diagnostik dan prognostik presepsin dibandingkan dengan leukosit, PCT dan CRP pada pasien anak yang dicurigai sepsis

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Method: The latitude cut study was conducted during March-December 2020 at RSCM Jakarta on 56 patients aged 2 months - 10 years with suspicion of sepsis Diagnosis of sepsis is established based on the criteria of sepsis-3 and blood culture. Biomarker examination and PELOD-2 score are performed at the beginning and after 72 hours, mortality assessment is conducted on day 7. Presepsin levels are checked using the PATHFAST® method.

Result: The median value of precessine levels in the proven sepsis group (1183 pg/ml was higher than that of the unproven group of sepsis (369 pg/ml, p=0.001). Precessine has a good diagnostic value (AUC of 0.862), with a cut of 711 pg/ml having a sensitivity of 75.8%, specificity of 82.6%, positive guess value of 86.2% and negative guess value of 70.4%, better than leukocytes, PCT, and CRP. Presepsin levels increased linearly with the severity of sepsis and were moderately correlated with PELOD-2 scores (r=0.548; p=0.001). Survival analysis showed precessine levels of ≥ 1,250 pg/ml were significantly associated with early mortality (HR 6.31; 95%CI; 1.67-23.83; p=0.007). Presepsin levels after 72 hours of antibiotic therapy decreased significantly in the improved sepsis group and increased in the worsening sepsis group.

Inference: Presepsin is a reliable biomarker and can be used to help diagnose sepsis, predict severity, death and evaluate therapies in tertiary hospital services."

"Beberapa jenis penyakit membutuhkan penatalaksanaan secara cepat dan tepat guna menurunkan risiko fatal penderita, salah satu diantaranya adalah difteri. Waktu sangat berharga untuk bisa menolong penderita karena keterlambatan penatalaksanaan bisa meningkatkan kematian kasus hingga 20 kali lipat. Di sisi lain, metode diagnostik konvensional sebagai gold standard membutuhkan waktu 3?5 hari sehingga diperlukan metode diagnostik alternatif untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis difteri. Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dapat menjawab tantangan atas besarnya biaya dan lamanya waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pemeriksaan laboratorium. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode direct PCR sebagi metode alternatif diagnostik difteri secara cepat, mudah dan hemat. Sebanyak 15 sampel yang terdiri dari 10 isolat Corynebacterium diphtheriae toksigenik dan 3 Corynebacterium non-diphtheriae nontoksigenik ditambah dengan 2 spesimen klinis (usap tenggorok) digunakan untuk optimasi metode direct PCR dibandingkan dengan PCR standard sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa direct PCR dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dan amplifikasi gen target dengan benar seperti halnya PCR standard sehingga pada seluruh sampel C. diphtheriae tampak pita pada 168 bp (penanda gen dtxR) dan 551 bp (penanda gen tox). Sebaliknya pada sampel lain tidak tampak pita pada kedua tempat tersebut. Direct PCR dapat mendeteksi sel bakteri sampai dengan 71 CFU/uL. Oleh karena itu, disimpulkan bahwa direct PCR dapat digunakan sebagai metode diagnostik alternatif untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis difteri secara cepat, mudah dan hemat.

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Direct PCR: Alternative Diagnostic Method for Diagnosis of Diphtheria Rapidly, Easily and Cost Effective. Some diseases require immediate and appropriate treatment to decrease the fatality risk patients incident, for example diphtheria. Time to help patients is very crucial since delay of therapy may increase the mortality cases up to 20 times. In other hands, conventional diagnostic methods (the gold standard) for diagnosis of diphtheria is time consuming and laborious. Therefore, an alternative diagnostic method which is rapid, easy and inexpensive is needed. In this case, direct PCR has been proved to reduce time and cost in laboratory examination. This study aimed to develop direct PCR as alternative diagnostic method for diagnosis of diphtheria rapidly, easily, and inexpensive. Fifteen samples include 10 isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae (toxigenic) and 3 isolates of Corynebacterium non- diphtheriae (nontoxigenic) and 2 clinical specimens (throat swab) was examined by performing direct PCR method and a standard PCR method was used for optimizing the protocols. Result showed that direct PCR can be used to amplify target genes correctly as well as standard PCR. All of C. diphtheriae samples showed bands at 168 bp (dtxR gene marker) and 551 bp (tox gene marker) while no band appeared in others. Direct PCR detected at least 71 CFU/uL of bacterial cells in samples. We concluded that direct PCR can be used for alternative diagnostic method for diagnosis of diphtheria which is rapid, easy and cost effective."

"There are two different kinds of price determination mechanism, a fixed price and a flexible price...."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang Akurasi triple diagnostic USG guided FNAB untuk menentukan keganasan pada kasus nodul tirodi masih belum diketahui. Hal tersebut penting untuk diketahui sehingga tindakan definitif dan jenis operasi dapat ditentukan tanpa harus dilakukan pemeriksaan potong beku.Metode Penelitian dilakukan pada 131 pasien dengan pembesaran kelenjar tiroid pada periode Januari 2014 ndash; Desember 2014 dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini menghitung nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, nilai prediksi negatif, akurasi triple diagnostic dengan USG guided FNAB dibandingkan dengan histopatologi.Hasil Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan triple diagnostic yang concordant ganas memiliki sensitivitas 81,17 , spesifisitas 96,55 , nilai prediksi positif 98,57 , nilai prediksi negatif 36,36 , dan akurasi 85,08 .Kesimpulan Tingginya nilai prediksi positif yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga triple diagnostic dapat digunakan untuk terapi definitif tanpa dilakukan pemeriksaan potong beku intra operatif.

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ABSTRACT Background The triple diagnostic accuracy with Ultrasound guided FNAB to determine the risk of malignancy in cases of thyroid nodules remains unknown. It is important to know so that definitive measures and types of operations can be determined without the need for a frozen section. Methods The study was conducted using cross sectional design on 131 patients with thyroid nodule in the period of January 2014 December 2014. This study calculated the values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, triple diagnostic accuracy with ultrasound guided FNAB compared with histopathological result.Results This study show triple diagnostic with malignant concordant has sensitivity of 81.17 , specificity of 96.55 , positive predictive value of 98.57 , negative predictive value of36.36 , and 85.08 accuracy.Conclusions The high positive predictive values obtained in this study, show that triple diagnostic can be used for definitive therapy without intraoperative frozen section"

"Conveys the essential knowledge needed to understand the clinical application of imaging technologies. Suitable for radiology residents and students, this title covers various subspecialty areas and imaging modalities as utilized in neuroradiology, chest, breast, abdominal, musculoskeletal imaging, ultrasound, and nuclear radiology "

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan CT scan generasi multislice yang begitu pesat membuat pemeriksaan CT angiografi coroner sering dilaksanakan, akan tetapi pemberian informasi tentang dosis yang di terima pasien masih jarang dilakukan. Sehingga perlu dilakukan estimasi dosis pasien pada pemeriksaan CT angiografi coroner untuk mengetahui nilai dosis yang diterima oleh organ-organ yang sensitive terhadap radiasi seperti esophagus, paru-paru, payudara (pada wanita) dan jantung. Estimasi dosis dilakukan menggunakan program imPACT® dengan nilai nCTDIw didapat dari hasil pengukuran mengunakan detector pencil ion chamber menggunakan phantom acrilic 32 cm. Dari hasil estimasi di dapat dosis ekivalen yang diterima jantung 110 mSv ? 140 mSv, dosis efektif esophagus (thymus) 2,9 mSv ? 5.7 mSv, dosis efektif paru-paru 10 mSv -14 mSv, dosis efektif payudara 10 mSv ? 13 mSv dan total dosis efektif berkisar antara 31 mSv ? 42 mSv. Mengingat nilai total dosis efektif yang diterima pasien cukup tinggi, maka pasien CT angiografi coroner harus mendapatkan justifikasi yang kuat.

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ABSTRACTThe Fast development of CT generation makes CT angiography coroner examination more frequence to be done, but the dose information of patient is rarely to be done. So it require to make patient dose estimation on CT angiography coroner examination. In order to know the dose receive by sensitive organ set of oesophagus, lung, brest and heart. Dose estimation is done using imPACT® program, using CTDI value obtain measurement using acrylic phantom with 32 cm diameter. From dose calculation the dose equivalent by heart is between 110 mSv - 140 mSv, and effective dose for oesophagus 2.9 mSv ? 5.7 mSv, lung 10 mSv ? 14 mSv and total effective dose between 31 mSv ? 42 mSv. Because effective dose receive by patient is very high, the CT angiography coroner patient must have a very strong justification. "