Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Islam mengambil alih Mesopotamia dan sebagian Persia dari tangan dinasti Sassanid. Islam masuk ke Persia pada tahun 644 M dan masyarakat yang semula beragama Zoroaster berpindah keyakinan menjadi Islam. Penulisan jurnal ini untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai Islam menguasai wilayah Persia, kondisi Persia sebelum masuknya Islam, proses masuknya Islam ke Persia, dan wilayah mana saja yang dikuasai Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka yang dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan informasi dari beberapa narasumber dosen terkait, beberapa buku dan jurnal terkait, serta beberapa halaman website yang memuat materi yang saya bahas. Ahmad al-Santanawi mengungkapkan bahwa masuknya Islam ke Persia diawali dengan penunjukkan kota Isfahan sebagai ibukota kerajaan Safawi. Kota ini merupakan gabungan dari dua kota sebelumnya, yakni Jayy dan Yahudiyyah yang didirikan oleh Yazdagird I atas anjuran istrinya yang beragama Yahudi. Setelah Kerajaan Mongol sempat menguasai Persia selama 3 abad. Sampai Islam datang di Persia dan mencapai kegemilangan pada masa pemerintahan Khalifah Umar bin Khattab.

---

Islam took over Mesopotamia and part of Persian Sassanid dynasty. Islam came to Persia in the year 644 AD and the people who originally believe in Zoroastrian religion has converted to Islam. Writing this journal, in order to examine more deeply about Islam has dominate the Persian region, condition of Persia before the advent of Islam, arrival of Islam to Persia, and which areas are dominated by Islam. This research used literature review conducted by comparing information from several sources associated professor, several related books and journals, as well as several pages of articles that contain material that I discuss. Ahmad alSantanawi revealed that the entry of Islam into Persia beginning with the appointment of Isfahan as the capital city of the Safavid kingdom. This city is a combination of the previous cities, namely Jayy and Yahudiyyah established by Yazdagird I at the instigation of his wife who is Jewish. After the Mongol Empire had invaded Persia during the third century, until Islam came in Persia and reached the glories of the reign of Caliph Umar bin Khattab. "

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang perkembangan pola dan gaya kepemimpinan politik di Iran yang cukup fluktuatif dimulai dari pra dan pasca revolusi Iran 1979. Hal itu berkaitan dengan gagasan Imam Khomenei tentang Wilayah Al-Faqih yang menggantikan sistem monarki menjadi teo-demokrasi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dua variabel penelitian yakni pola kepemimpinan politik dan gaya kepemimpinan politiknya pada pemimpin tertinggi di negara Iran yakni Imam Khomenei dan Sayyid Ali Khamenei. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dan metode pengumpulan data studi pustaka.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Imam Khomenei dan Ali Khamenei cenderung menggunakan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional diukur dari kriteria kepribadian keterbukaan, kesadaran, ekstraversi dan kesesuaian. Keduanya juga ditopang oleh modal spiritual (Spiritual Capital) yang cukup sehingga mempengaruhi kinerjanya dalam mengarahkan pengikut. Namun, Khomenei memiliki kelebihan pada sifat ekstraversi, keterbukaan dan kesesuaian disebabkan oleh kondisi natural krisis. Meski demikian, mereka juga menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan transaksional dalam situasi tertentu namun dengan intensitas yang rendah.

---

This research discussed the development of patterns and styles of political leadership in Iran which are quite fluctuating starting from the pre and post-1979 Iranian revolution. That was related to Imam Khomenei's idea of ​​the Wilayah Al-Faqih which replaced the monarchy system into a theo-democracy. This study focused on two research variables, the pattern of political leadership and the style of political leadership on the highest leaders in Iran, namely Imam Khomenei and Sayyid Ali Khamenei. The research used descriptive analysis method and literature study data collection method.The results of this study indicated that Imam Khomenei and Ali Khamenei tend to use transformational leadership styles measured by the personality criteria of openness, awareness, extraversion and agreebleness. Both are also supported by sufficient spiritual capital (Spiritual Capital), which affects their performance in directing followers. However, Khomenei has the advantage of extraversion, openness and agreebleness due to the natural conditions of the crisis. However, they also applied transactional leadership styles in certain situations but with low intensity."

"The five-toed jerboas of genus Allactaga Cuvier, 1837 have been distributed in arid and semi-desert regions throughout northern Africa, Iranian Plateau and Central Asia to Mongolia. This genus has 12 species of which five have been so Jerboa (A. williamsi), Euphrate's Jarboa (A. eupharica); Hotson's Jerboa (A. hotsoni) and Firouz Jarboa (A. firouzi). The Toussi Jerboa (Allactaga toussi sp. Nov) is reported for the first time from the steppe regions of north east Iran. This new species if different in external, cranial and molars morphological and morpjometric characteristics from its parapatric species i.e. Allactaga elater, and other Iranian five-toed jerboas. Multivariate analyses also confirm that Allactaga toussi sp. nov. is significantly distinct from other species."