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"In this compelling book Pippa Norris and Joni Lovenduski provide the first full account of legislative recruitment in Britain for twenty-five years. Their central concern is how and why some politicians succeed in moving into the highest offices of state, while others fail. The book examines the relative dearth of women, black and working-class Members of Parliament, and whether the evident social bias in the British political élite matters for political representation. Legislative recruitment concerns the critical step from lower levels (activists, local counsellors) to a parliamentary career. The authors draw evidence from the first systematic surveys of parliamentary candidates, Members of Parliament and party selectors, as well as detailed personal interviews. The study explores how and why people become politicians, and the consequences for parties, legislatures and representative government."

"Modernization paradigm in the implementation of agricultural development has caused various changes in rural society,namely changes in social life ,culture,politic and especially economic structure in rural areas

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"ABSTRACTPengarusutamaan gender adalah cross-cutting issue yang tidak mudah untuk diimplementasikan pada Pemerintah Kota Depok. Berbagai macam keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh seluruh Perangkat Daerah tetap mengharuskan strategi Pengarusutamaan Gender berjalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan Pengarusutamaan Gender pada sistem terintegrasi tata kelola pemerintah Kota Depok dan menjelaskan pelaksanaan perencanaan dan penganggaran responsif gender (PPRG) di Kota Depok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan post-positivist, deskriptif, cross-sectional, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini memakai teori perencanaan strategis dan pengarusutamaan gender. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 dimensi yang meliputi 10 indikator yang terpenuhi dan 4 indikator yang tidak terpenuhi. Indikator yang tidak terpenuhi pada Pengarusutamaan Gender di Kota Depok adalah tidak ada Peraturan Daerah mengenai PUG, tidak tersedianya Data Terpilah Gender, tidak adanya sistem reward dan punishment, dan tidak memiliki dokumen luaran seperti Lembar Anggaran Responsif Gender, RKA Responsif Gender, dan Gender Analysis Pathway.

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ABSTRACTGender mainstreaming (GM) is a cross-cutting issue that is not easy to implement in the Government of Depok City. Various kinds of limitations possessed by all Regional Devices must still implement a Gender Mainstreaming strategy. This study aims to explain Gender Mainstreaming in Integrated System of Governance of Depok City and explain the implementation of gender responsive planning and budgeting (PPRG) in Depok City. The research method used is a post-positivist, descriptive, and cross-sectional the approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and literature review. This research uses the theory of strategic planning and gender mainstreaming. The results of this study indicate various efforts made by the Government of Depok City`s through four dimensions which including 10 indicators that were fulfilled and 4 indicators not fulfilled. Unmet indicators on Gender Mainstreaming in Depok City are no Regional Regulations concerning PUG, unavailability of Gender Disaggregated Data, absence of reward and punishment systems, and no external documents such as Gender Responsive Budget Sheets, Gender Responsive RKA, and Gender Analysis Pathway."

"Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya Instruksi Presiden Nomor 9 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengarusutamaan Gender dalam Pembangunan Nasional. Dalam bidang Kesehatan Pengarusutamaan Gender (PUG) dikemas dalam Pengarusutamaan Gender Bidang Kesehatan (PUG-BK) berdasarkan surat edaran Menteri Kesehatan nomor HK.00.SJ.SK.1.1712 tahun 2002 tentang Tim PUG-BK di Departemen Kesehatan. Untuk mengakselerasi pembangunan gender di Indonesia surat edaran ini diperkuat dengan diterbitkannya SK Menkes nomor 423/Menkes/SK/V/2008 tentang Pusat Pelatihan Gender Bidang Kesehatan (PPG- BK) di Balai Besar Pelatihan Kesehatan (BBPK) Cilandak. Untuk itu PPG-BK perlu konsep dan perencanaan strategis untak melakukan pelayanan dalam bidang pendidikan dan pelatihan yang responsif gender. Untuk dapat menyusun rencana strategik dilakukan penelitian operasional dengan analisa kualitatif. Informasi yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini berdasarkan analisis Iingkungan eksternal dan internal yang berkaitan dengan PPG-BK yang didapat dari pihak-pihak yang terkait dan berwenang melalui tehnik wawancara mendalam, kelompok diskusi terarah (FGD), dan telaahan dokumen. Penyusunan perencanaan strategis PPG-BK dilakuan dalam tiga tahap yaitu tahap 1 : Input Stage, tahap 2 : Marching Stage, dan tahap 3 : Decision Stage yang menghasilkan altematif-alternatif strategi yang bisa digunakan untuk pengembangan PPG-BK. Berdasarkan tiga tahap analisis tersebut, maka prioritas strategi yang tepat dan cocok untuk PPG-BK adalah strategi intensif dan strategi integratif dengan tiga strategi utamanya adalah mengembangkan kelembagaan PPG-BK dalam struktur Departemen Kesehatan, mengembangkan kapasitas dan kompetensi SDM PPG-BK dan mengembangkan jejaring kelembagaan PPG-BK pada tingkat nasional dan internasional. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah perlunya upaya-upaya untuk mewujudkan penguatan kelembagaan PPG-BK dalam struktur Departemen Kesehatan sesuai dengan arah kebijakan pembangunan gender yaitu penguatan kelembagaan PUG di berbagai bidang pembangunan termasuk sektor kesehatan.

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The background of this research is the President Instruction No. 9 year 2000 about the gender mainstreaming in the national development. At the health sector, gender mainstreaming created by the gender mainstreaming based on Health Minister circular letter No. HK.00.SJ.SK.1.1712 year 2002 about Health Gender Mainstreaming Team at the Health Department.

For accelerating gender development in Indonesia this circular supported by decision letter of Health Minister no. 423/Menkes/SK/V/2008 about Gender Health Training Center at Cilandak Health Training Center. Therefore Gender Health Training Center need a concept and strategic planning for servicing in education and training that responsive gender.

In order to be able to arrange the strategic planning done operational research by qualitative analysis. The information gotten in this research based on the external and internal circle analysis related with Gender Health Training Center gotten from the related and competence parties by deeply interview technique, focus group discussion, and document research.

The arranging of strategic planning Gender Health Training Center done by three stages, 1st stage is input Stage, 2nd stage is Matching Stage, and 3rd stage is Decision Stage that produce altematives strategy can be used for developing Gender Health Training Center. Base on these three stages analysis, so that priority tix strategy for Gender Health Training Center are intensive strategy and integrative strategy with three main strategic are to develop PPG-BK into structure of Health Department organization, to develop the capacity and competency of man resource in PPG-BK, and to develop networking of PPG-BK in national and international circumstances.

The conclusion of this research is that PPG-BK needs effort to make this organitation as part of structure of Health Department organization related with the direction of gender national development."

"Pengarusutamaan gender (PUG) saat ini telah menjadi konsep yang banyak diterapkan di berbagai sektor. Pentingnya kesetaraan gender bahkan sudah pada level kebijakan pemerintah dimana dengan dikeluarkannya Inpres no 9 tahun 2000, penerapan PUG menjadi keharusan, salah satunya di Departemen Hukum dan HAM. Sejak tahun 2002 telah diadakan serangkaian kegiatan sosialisasi program PUG ini di lingkungan Departemen Hukum dan HAM untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai konsep dasar gender kepada pegawai Departemen Hukum dan HAM. Tesis ini membahas mengenai efektifitas program sosialisasi PUG di lingkungan Departemen Hukum dan HAM, disamping itu juga berusaha untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi efektifitas sosialisasi program PUG di lingkungan Departemen Hukum dan HAM.Dalam melakukan penelitian, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih mendalam dan lengkap mengenai objek penelitian dengan mengesampingkan generalisasi. Dalam melakukan pengambilan data, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur/kepustakaan mengenai pelaksanaan sosialisasi program PUG di Departemen Hukum dan HAM dan literatur pendukung lainnya. Analisis terhadap data lapangan disajikan dalam bentuk analisis data wawancara dan observasi terhadap kegiatan sosialisasi serta peserta sosialisasi setelah mengikuti sosialisasi khsusunya mengenai isu gender.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses sosialisasi program PUG masih menemui berbagai hambatan. Meskipun dengan adanya sosialisasi telah mampu membangun pemahaman yang baik mengenai konsep dasar gender di kalangan peserta namun belum efektif dalam mengubah perilaku peserta dalam isu-isu gender. Menurut peneliti, hal ini disebabkan tidak adanya opinion leaders yang mampu menjadi pemimpin sekaligus suri tauladan yang baik dalam pelaksanaan konsep PUG di kehidupan sehari-hari. Saran yang diberikan oleh peneliti antara lain perlu adanya evaluasi menyeluruh atas kegiatan sosialisasi yang telah dilakukan, disamping itu perlu dikembangkannya forum informal agar muncul opinion leaders yang mumpuni.

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Gender mainstreaming today is a very well known concept and has been adopted in many sector, including in public sedor. In Indonesia, the gender mainstreaming, since the Inpres no. 9 / 2000 being adopted in many govemmental organization, including the Department of Law and Human Rights. Therefore, since 2002, the Department planned and conduct some socialization program in order to giving some broader knowledge about basic gender concept to their administration. This graduate thesis discusses the effectiveness of the socialization of gender mainstreaming program in the Department of Law and Human Rights. The purpose of this research, is not only to know the effectiveness, but also to identify the fadors that affecting the effectiveness of the socialization.

In conduding research, the researcher applies gualitative approach with descriptive type of research. The method incorporated is case study, which is aimed at obtaining deeper and more complete picture of the object under research putting aside broader generalization. This research used field observation and in-depth inlerview as a data colledion techniques. Data analysis is performed through the field data and the concept of effective Information dissemination by Duggan and Banwell.

The result brings out some conclusions and insights about the program’s socialization process, which is still had problems occurred during the socialization. Although the socialization program took some success in giving a great understanding about the basic concept of gender, but it's still ineffective in terms of changing the gender behavior. According to the researcher 's, its because of the lack of opinion leaders among the employees. Opinion leaders whom can lead and give some great self-example about how the gender concept applied in the daily basis. The researcher's recommendation for the socialization program is try to evaluate the program in order to find gaps and the second recommendation is to create informal forum, so later, from the forum can emerge good opinion leaders about gender concept."