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"Jepang, telah mengalami banyak perkembangan seusai Perang Dingin hingga menjadisalah satu militer tercanggih di Asia Timur. Pada 2006, Jepang dan sekutunya yaituAmerika Serikat menandatangani perjanjian relokasi dari Okinawa, dimana 59%biaya relokasi ditanggung oleh Jepang. Intensi mempertahankan kehadiran AmerikaSerikat tersebut memerlukan justifikasi berdasarkan perspektif Jepang terhadapwilayah sekitarnya. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan konsep balancing danbandwagoning yang dikemukakan oleh Stephen Walt dalam menentukankecenderungan strategi pertahanan yang dipraktikkan Jepang, ditambah faktor berupaintensi agresif dari Cina sebagai kompetitor Jepang, perimbangan kekuatan antaraCina dan Aliansi Keamanan Amerika Serikat-Jepang, serta kondisi lingkunganstrategis Asia Timur.

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AbstractJapan has experienced many changes since the Cold War until it became one of themost sophisticated military in East Asia. In 2006, Japan and U.S. signed a relocationagreement from Okinawa, in which Japan shared 59% of the cost. This intention ofkeeping U.S. presence needs to be justified from Japanese perspective of itssurroundings. This research will utilize Stephen Walt?s concept of balancing andbandwagoning besides considering several factors such as Chinese aggressive intentas Japan's competitor, balance of force between China and U.S.-Japan, and alsostrategic environment of East Asia."

"[Perang Dingin yang berakhir pada tahun 1990 telah mengubah konstelasi politik dan keamanan dunia. Kemunculan banyak negara baru yang dulu tidak terlalu dominan dalam politik dunia, kini menjadi pemain yang cukup diperhitungkan seperti Jepang. Setelah mengalami kekalahan pada Perang Dunia Ke-II, Jepang menjadi negara yang tidak normal karena tidak memiliki kekuatan militer.Sejak saat itu pula, Jepang menggantungkan keamanan nasionalnya di bawah perlindungan payung keamanan Amerika Serikat. Seiring berjalannya waktu, struktur keamanan global maupun regional telah berubah. Kemunculan China sebagai kekuatan regional baru, pengembangan senjata nuklir Korea Utara, modernisasi militer Korea Selatan, serta banyaknya masalah baik teritorial maupun sejarah di Asia Timur telah mempengaruhi Jepang untuk mengubah kebijakan Pertahanannya. Perubahan kebijakan ini diwujudkan dalam dua usaha yaitu usaha internal melalui peningkatan kekuatan pertahanan Jepang dan usaha eksternal melalui peningkatan diplomasi pertahanan Jepang dengan negara-negara di kawasan Asia Pasifik.

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The end of Cold War in 1990 changed global political constellation and security. The emergence of new global power that were not determined in the past, now have a very significant role in global politics such as Japan. After losing to U.S allies in the World War II, Japan became abnormal state because she did not have military power. Since then, Japan has been depended her national security on U.S security umbrella. After Cold War, the situation surroundings Japan has changed. China rose as a new global power, nuclear weapon possession by North Korea, South Korea's military modernization, and territorial disputes among them give impacts on Japan?s Defense Policy. The change of Japan's Defense Policy is indicated by two attempts, which are internal efforts and external efforts. Internal efforts are executed by increasing military power and external efforts are executed by developing defense diplomacy through security arrangements with the Asia Pacific countries. The end of Cold War in 1990 changed global political constellation and security. The emergence of new global power that were not determined in the past, now have a very significant role in global politics such as Japan. After losing to U.S allies in the World War II, Japan became abnormal state because she did not have military power. Since then, Japan has been depended her national security on U.S security umbrella. After Cold War, the situation surroundings Japan has changed. China rose as a new global power, nuclear weapon possession by North Korea, South Korea’s military modernization, and territorial disputes among them give impacts on Japan’s Defense Policy. The change of Japan’s Defense Policy is indicated by two attempts, which are internal efforts and external efforts. Internal efforts are executed by increasing military power and external efforts are executed by developing defense diplomacy through security arrangements with the Asia Pacific countries., The end of Cold War in 1990 changed global political constellation and security. The emergence of new global power that were not determined in the past, now have a very significant role in global politics such as Japan. After losing to U.S allies in the World War II, Japan became abnormal state because she did not have military power. Since then, Japan has been depended her national security on U.S security umbrella. After Cold War, the situation surroundings Japan has changed. China rose as a new global power, nuclear weapon possession by North Korea, South Korea’s military modernization, and territorial disputes among them give impacts on Japan’s Defense Policy. The change of Japan’s Defense Policy is indicated by two attempts, which are internal efforts and external efforts. Internal efforts are executed by increasing military power; and external efforts are executed by developing defense diplomacy through security arrangements with the Asia Pacific countries.]"

"ABSTRAKMiliter Jepang adalah sebuah kekuatan besar yang sangat sulit ditandingi pada masa awal Perang Dunia II. Persenjataan militer Jepang yang lengkap dan kuat, menjadikan Jepang berani menyerang pangkalan armada Amerika di Pearl Harbor. Serangan Pearl Harbor yang terjadi pada 7 Desember 1941, menandai pecahnya Perang Pasifik sebagai bagian dari Perang Dunia II. Penelitian ini membahas tentang awal kekalahan militer Jepang yang terjadi dalam pertempuran Midway yang berlangsung pada 4-7 Juni 1942. Pertempuran Midway adalah sebuah pertempuran dalam Perang Pasifik yang menandai titik balik atau awal kekalahan militer Jepang saat terjadinya Perang Pasifik. Ekspansi yang dilakukan militer Jepang ke berbagai wilayah di Asia Pasifik terus mengalami kemenangan yang gemilang pada paruh awal tahun 1942, namun mengalami kekalahan telak untuk pertama kalinya pada pertempuran Midway. Setelah kekalahan dalam pertempuran Midway, kekuatan armada militer Jepang semakin lemah, kemudian disusul dengan banyak kekalahan yang membawa kehancuran di Pihak Jepang hingga akhirnya menyerah pada tahun 1945.

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ABSTRACTJapan 39 s military has such wide ranging powerful forces and thus were unattainable to be surpassed in the early period of World War II. The adequacy and complexity of Japanese military weaponry has roughly became the underlay in order to ambush the base of the American fleet at Pearl Harbor. The attack on Pearl Harbor which was occurred on December 7, 1941 has made the outbreak of Pacific War as a part of World War II. Therefore, this paper discusses the early segment of Japan 39 s military defeat that occurred in the Battle of Midway which took place on 4th to June 7th, 1942. The Battle of Midway has been determined as an inclusive battle of Pacific War that has been the turning point or the beginning of Japan 39 s defeat during the Pacific War. Expansion of Japanese military to various regions in Asia Pacific continues to gain complete victory in early half of 1942, but eventually suffered major breakdown for the first time at The Battle of Midway. On the aftermath, Japan 39 s enforcement was gradually getting overpowered, followed with any miscalculations that brought Japan into subjugation, until finally they were admitted defeat in 1945. "

"ABSTRAKPuncak perseturuan antara Jepang dan Amerika terjadi akibat kesepakatan yang tidak terjadi. Jepang menyerang Pearl Harbor, pangkalan militer Amerika yang berada di kepulauan Hawai secara mendadak dibawah pimpinan Yamamoto Isoroku. Akibat dari serangan Jepang terhadap Pearl Harbor ini, pecahlah perang pasifik yang menandai juga perang dunia II. Artikel ini menjelaskan secara rinci bagaimana relasi dimensi militer antara Jepang dan Amerika pascaperang dunia II yang dibatasi pada tahun 1951 sampai dengan 1980. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengeboman Pearl Harbor berdampak besar bagi hubungan kedua negara terutama pada dimensi militer.

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ABSTRACTThe culmination of the Japanese and American conflict was the result of an agreement that did not occur. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, that was on an impromptu basis attack, in United States military base in the Hawaiian islands under the leadership of Yamamoto Isoroku. As a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Pacific war broke out which also marked the Second World War. This article explains in detail how Japan and United States relations in the military dimension after World War II in 1951 to 1980. This study is a literature study with descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the bombing of Pearl Harbor had a major impact on the relations between the two countries, especially in the military dimension."