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"There are about 60 panels with narrative reliefs from the area of Trowulan in East Java depicting mountains, rivers, bridges, trees, fields, dwellings, pendopo, and palaces. A male figure wearing a cap-like headdress accompanied by a little panakawan-like figure, walks along a cobbled path through a beautiful landscape. The figures are carved in the simple style of East Javanese reliefs on Majapahit temples. The predominance of nature, in amazing detail, is unusual compared to other narrative temple reliefs. The exact provenance is difficult to determine. The artefacts are scattered in museums all over the world: the majority in Trowulan, as well as a large convolute in Jakarta, in Amsterdam, and elsewhere. Fixing the order of the panels is a challenge. This paper discusses two major topics: (A) presenting depictions of landscape and nature in visual art; (B) comparison with Old Javanese texts narrating journeys through landscape and nature. These exercises will provide some conclusions about the function of landscape and nature in the reliefs and their purpose at their original sites. Questions on provenance will also be raised, including the documentation practice of the colonial Dutch and Indonesian Archaeological Services. A number of the panels have been documented by the OD (Dutch Oudheidkundige Dienst), archived in OD photos entitled “Reliefs from Trowulan”, other panels have been documented as being from the site Menak Jinggo in Trowulan. In my paper, I call the reliefs under investigation the “Trowulan reliefs”. N.J. Krom’s (1923) suggestion of doing research on the convolute of these reliefs has never been undertaken, now 100 years later it is time to do so."

"Kajian perancangan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan proses penelusuran adaptasi anatomi hewan dan mekanisme penjelajahannya pada konteks sebagai basis perancangan. Penelusuran adaptasi anatomi dan penjelajahan hewan yang berpotensi menunjukkan ragam strategi yang dikembangkan oleh makhluk hidup secara ekologis untuk mempertahankan hidupnya dalam kondisi lingkungan yang terdegradasi. Diskursus arsitektur yang berkembang selama ini memahami lingkung bangun sebagai suatu entitas yang eksploitatif dan menghabiskan sumber daya alam, menjadikan alam terdegradasi. Arsitektur hadir bagaikan sosok ‘parasit’ yang terus menerus menyerap nutrisi dari inangnya secara berlebihan dan mengabaikan kemampuan alam dalam mengembalikan sumber daya yang terpakai. Studi perancangan ini hadir dalam sebuah konteks dunia imajiner yang memiliki karakteristik lingkungan yang berbasis pada peristiwa nyata di bumi. Melalui penelusuran karakteristik, sistem morfologi, serta anatomi organisme hewan, arsitektur hadir sebagai Wandering Beast, sebuah organisme arsitektur yang bergerak, menjelajah, dan memiliki kemampuan menghasilkan variasi bentuk yang merespon berbagai degradasi lingkungan yang terjadi. Wandering Beast menghadirkan arsitektur sebagai strategi adaptasi secara ekologis melalui operasi jelajah yang menyebarkan, mengontrol atau mengendalikan, serta mengkalibrasi ulang jejak yang dihasilkan oleh manusia dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Dengan demikian, arsitektur yang hadir akan dapat menjadi bagian dari sistem ekologi yang ada dan berkontribusi pada keberlanjutan lingkungan.

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This design study outlines the adaptation process of animal anatomy and their explorative mechanisms as a basis for architectural design. The exploration of anatomical adaptation has the potential to show a strategy developed by animals ecologically to survive in the degraded environmental conditions. On the other hand, current architectural discourses that have developed so far demonstrate the built environment as an exploitative entity and consumes natural resources, causing natural degradation. Architecture has become a 'parasite' that continuously absorbs nutrients from the host excessively and ignores nature's ability to restore itself. This design explored in this study is situated in an imaginary world context with environmental characteristics based on earth’s real events. Through tracing the characteristics, morphological systems, and anatomy of animal organisms, the study proposes architectures of the Wandering Beast, an architectural organism that moves, explores, and has the ability to produce variations in forms that respond towards the various environmental degradations that occur. Wandering Beast reflects architecture as an ecological adaptation strategy through the explorative operation of spreading, controlling, as well as recalibrating the traces produced by humans within time. Through this study, architecture emerges as an integral part of the existing ecological system and contributes to environmental sustainability."

"The Wandering Earth-Liúlàng Dìqiú (2019) adalah sebuah film bergenre science fiction atau fiksi ilmiah Tiongkok yang menceritakan tentang regu penyelamat yang berusaha untuk merelokasi bumi ke orbit yang jauh dari matahari, sambil berusaha untuk mencegah bumi bertabrakan dengan jupiter. Tokoh protagonis yang berasal dari berbagai latar belakang bersatu di bawah Pemerintahan Bumi Bersatu (PBB), untuk membentuk aliansi global, mengumpulkan sumber daya dan pengetahuan untuk melaksanakan rencana ambisius merelokasi bumi, mencerminkan nilai tradisional Tiongkok yang mengutamakan kesejahteraan kolektif di atas kepentingan individu. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana nilai kolektivisme-Jítǐ zhǔyì khas Tiongkok memengaruhi tindakan yang diambil oleh tokoh protagonis untuk mencegah bumi bertabrakan dengan jupiter dan menyelamatkan kehidupan manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka, yaitu pengumpulan data yang bersumber dari buku maupun jurnal. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditampilkannya nilai kolektivisme khas Tiongkok sebagai salah satu cara untuk menyelamatkan umat manusia dan bumi melalui tindakan para tokoh protagonisnya merupakan pesan propaganda tentang peran penting Tiongkok dalam memimpin kerja sama dan kolaborasi global menghadapi tantangan kelangsungan hidup manusia di muka bumi.

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The Wandering Earth- Liúlàng Dìqiú (2019) is a science fiction film that tells a story about rescue teams that are trying to move the Earth into an orbit far from the sun, while trying to prevent the earth from colliding with jupiter. Protagonists who come from various backgrounds unite under the United Earth Government (UEG) to form a global alliance, gathering resources and knowledge to carry out an ambitious plan to relocate the earth, reflecting traditional Chinese values that prioritize collective well-being over individual interests. This research aims to discuss how the typical Chinese value of collectivism influences the actions taken by the protagonist to prevent the earth from colliding with Jupiter and save human life. This study used a qualitative-descriptive method with data collection methods using literature study by collecting data from books and journals. The results of the research show that the display of the unique Chinese value of collectivism- Jítǐ zhǔyì as a way to save humanity and the earth through the actions of the protagonists is a propaganda message about China's important role in leading global cooperation and collaboration in facing the challenges of human survival on earth.

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