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"China's soft power is a difficult concept to measure if the Confucius Institute is the only source relied on. Joseph Nye s concept of soft power puts a strong emphasis on the power of attraction as a tool to persuade or to shape the preferences of others in the worlds of business and politics. To understand how this soft power or the Confucius Institute works, we have to determine the observable power of the intangible attraction embedded in it. This observable but intangible attraction is assumed to be embedded in the language and culture offered by the Institute, namely so called shared values. However, without having attended its classes, it is difficult to see which values are being shared with the local students. Despite this handicap, it is very apparent that the image of China itself has acted as an attraction. An attraction to China was visible already, even before the Confucius Institute was established. For Indonesians, China is a big country which has exerted its power there for a long time through its diaspora and or exports. Therefore, the Confucius Institute is just one of the many forms of Chineseness within their purview. Certainly, the Confucius Institute might have assisted in adjusting negative impressions and expelling some of the reservations the Indonesians have about China. Nevertheless, its influence extends to only a limited number of people who are closely engaged with the Institute."

"This paper argues that the Hikajat Khonghoetjoe (The life story of Confucius) written by Lie Kim Hok in 1897, is a medium to propose modern ideas of flexible subjectivity, cosmopolitanism, active citizenship and the concepts of good governance to the Chinese Peranakans who experienced political and racial discrimination under Dutch colonization. Using the figure of Confucius, Lie aimed to cultivate virtuous subjects who apply their faith and morality in political sphere. He intended to raise political awareness and rights among the Chinese as colonial subjects and to valorize their bargaining power with the Dutch colonial government. By introducing Confucianism, Lie proposed that the Chinese reconnect themselves with China as an alternative patronage which could subvert White supremacy. Instead of using sources in Chinese, Lie translated the biography of Confucius from the European texts. In crafting his story, Lie applied conglomerate authorship, a technique commonly practised by Malay authors. It allowed him to select, combine and appropriate the source texts. To justify that Confucius Virtue and his teaching were superb and are applicable to contemporary life, Lie borrowed and emphasized European writers high appraisal of Confucianism, instead of using his own arguments and opinions. I call this writing technique indirect agency."

"Ben shu shang juan : dong fang de tai yang : kong zi quan chuan ; si xiang de chang cheng : kong zi xue shuo ; yu wei ren san bu : kong xue qi shi lu ; zhi hui de xin chuan : ru xue ji cheng ; xia juan : dong fang de jing dian : kong xue quan ji ; li xiang de guan li : xian dai ru jia guan li si xiang yu ying yong."