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"ABSTRAK

Kebahagiaan menjadi kebutuhan penting yang tidak dapat dihindarkan bagi setiap orang, termasuk buruh. Purbalingga sebagai sentra industri rambut dan bulu mata palsu terbesar kedua di dunia, telah mempekerjakan puluhan ribu buruh perempuan di industri ini. Bagaimana gambaran kebahagiaan buruh perempuan industri rambut? Konsep kebahagiaan sering disebut sebagai subjective well-being atau SWB. SWB merujuk pada evaluasi individu dari hidupnya, dalam pikiran dan perasaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan SWB pada buruh perempuan industri rambut di Purbalingga. Responden yang terlibat sebanyak 210 responden adalah buruh perempuan, usia 18-60 tahun, dan masih aktif bekerja di bagian produksi industri rambut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. SWB diukur menggunakan alat ukur terpisah, yaitu Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) yang mengukur kepuasan hidup dan Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) yang mengukur frekuensi afek. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan para buruh memiliki kepuasan hidup cukup atau rata-rata dan lebih sering mengalami afek positif daripada afek negatif. Adapun ranah kehidupan buruh setelah diukur menggunakan alat ukur Domain Satisfaction, paling memuaskan adalah keluarga namun, paling tidak memuaskan adalah penghasilan.

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ABSTRACT

Happiness is an unavoidable important need for everyone, including workers. Purbalingga as the second largest wig and false eyelashes industrial center in the world, has hired thousands of women workers in this industry. How was the image of women workers‟ happiness in this industry? The concept of happiness is often referred to as subjective well-being or SWB. SWB refers to an individual evaluation of his life, in the form of thought and feeling. This research aimed to describe subjective well-being of women labor of hair industries in Purbalingga. Respondents who were involved are 210 women workers respondents, aged 18-60 years old, and still actively working as labors in hair industries. The research method used was quantitative methods with data collection through questionnaire. SWB measured by a separate measurement instrument; Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) that measured life satisfaction and Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) that measured frequency of affect. The results of this study indicated that the workers have an average life satisfaction and more frequent positive affect than negative affect. From Domain Satisfaction scale, the most satisfied domain of life for labor was family and the least was income.

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"Latar belakang: Indonesia adalah negara dengan jumlah penduduk muslim yang besar.Hijab dipakai oleh banyak wanita di Indonesia, sedangkan hijab berpotensi mengurangiserapan sinar matahari di kulit yang memengaruhi sintesis vitamin D. Beberapapenelitian telah mengaitkan defisiensi kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum dengankerontokan rambut, tetapi tidak pernah dilakukan pada kelompok perempuan berhijab.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum dengan kerontokanrambut pada perempuan dewasa usia subur berhijab (H) dan tidak berhijab (TH).Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan sepanjang bulan November 2019hingga Maret 2020. Data terkait pemakaian hijab, kerontokan rambut, skor pajanansinar matahari, jumlah rambut rontok harian, hair pull test, dan kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum dievaluasi pada masing-masing 30 subjek berhijab dan tidakberhijab yang tidak menderita penyakit sistemik maupun kejiwaan.Hasil: Median kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum pada kelompok H adalah 8,70 (6,13-34,10) ng/mL dan mean kadarnya pada kelompok TH adalah 16,70 6,30 ng/mL.Median jumlah rambut rontok harian pada kelompok H adalah 28,62 (3,00-118,50) helaidan pada kelompok TH adalah 18,25 (3,50-134,50) helai. Berdasarkan uji korelasiSpearman, didapatkan koefisien korelasi r = -0,190 pada kelompok H (p = 0,315), dan r= 0,193 pada kelompok TH (p = 0,308).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum dengankerontokan rambut baik pada perempuan dewasa usia subur berhijab maupun tidakberhijab.

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Background: Indonesia has a large muslim population. As hijab is considered

compulsory for most, wearing it may potentially reduce skin absorption of sunlight

which plays important role in vitamin D synthesis. Several studies had described

significant correlation between serum 25-hyroxyvitamin D level and hair loss, but never

specifically conducted in hijab wearing women.

Objective: To assess the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and

hair loss in adult childbearing-age women who wear (H) and do not wear hijab (NH).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to March

2020. Data concerning hijab use, hair loss, sun exposure score, daily hair loss, hair pull

test, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level were evaluated in 30 subjects of each group.

Results: The median level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the H group was 8,70

(6,13-34,10) ng/mL while the mean serum level in the NH group was 16,70 6,30

ng/mL. The median number of daily hair loss in the wearing hijab group was 28,62

(3,00-118,50) and in the not-wearing hijab group was 18,25 (3,50-134,50). Based on

Spearman’s correlation test, r = -0,190 in the H group (p = 0,315) and r = 0,193 in the

NH group (p = 0,308).

Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

level and hair loss in both groups."

"Penggunaan timbal dan tembaga pada kosmetik mempunyai resiko yang cukup besar apabila dikonsumsi secara langsung. Efek toksik yang ditimbulkan di antaranya reaksi toksik topikal pada kulit dan kepala, kerusakan pada jaringan rambut, gangguan penyakit kulit seperti gatal-gatal, nyeri, dermatitis serta dapat juga menimbulkan keracunan sistemik (peradangan dan kerusakan organ ginjal dan hati, demam , gangguan syaraf). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kandungan timbal dan tembaga dalam pewarna rambut serta rambut pemakai pewarna rambut. Sampel pewarna rambut di destruksi dengan asam nitrat 65% dan asam perklorat 60% menggunakan lempeng pemanas (hot plate) pada suhu 100°C. Larutan hasil destruksi dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom. Sampel rambut dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 500C kemudian dilakukan destruksi basah dengan asam nitrat 65% dan asam perklorat 60% menggunakan lempeng pemanas (hot plate) pada suhu 1000C. Larutan hasil destruksi di analisis menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar timbal dan tembaga dalam pewarna rambut merek A dan B masih dalam batas kadar yang diizinkan berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No 376/MenKes/Per/VIII/1990 sebesar 2% dan berdasarkan Food Drugs Administration, maksimum kadar timbal asetat sebesar 0,6% w/v dan kadar tembaga sebesar kurang dari 0,6% w/v. Rata-rata kadar timbal dalam rambut pemakai pewarna rambut merek A dan B masih dalam batas normal yakni sebesar kurang dari 12,00 mg/kg. Pada rambut pemakai pewarna rambut merek A dan B kadar tembaga telah melebihi batas normal yakni sebesar lebih dari 2,30 mg/kg.

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The use of lead and copper in cosmetics have more high risk if consumed directly. Toxic effects including toxic reaction to topical on the skin and head, damage to the hair tissue, skin disorders such as itching, pain, dermatitis and may also cause systemic toxicity (inflammation and organ damage to kidneys and liver, fever, neurological disorders). This study aims to analysis the content of lead and copper in hair and hair of hair dye users. Samples of hair dyes destructed with 65% nitric acid and perchloric acid 60% using hot plate at a temperature of 100oC. After phase of destruction, it was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hair samples were dried in an oven at a temperature of 50oC and then destructed with 65% nitric acid and perchloric acid 60% using hot plate at a temperature of 100°C. After phase of destruction, it was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results showed levels of lead and copper in hair dye brand A and B are still within levels permitted by the Minister of Health Decree No. 376/MenKes/Per/VIII/1990 of 2% and according to the Food and Drugs Administration, the maximum levels of the lead is 0,6% w/v and levels copper metal is less than 0,6% w/v. The average lead content in hair of hair dyes users brand A and B are still within the normal range which is less than 12,00 mg/kg, while the copper content in hair of the hair dye users has exceeded the normal limit of copper content in hair which is more than 2,30 mg/kg."

"Bahan kimia telah menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan manusia. Manfaatnya dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat berkaitan dengan pengendalian penyakit, peningkatan produktivitas pertanian, ekstraksi berbagai bahan mineral di pertambangan, keperluan untuk rumah tangga dan sebagainya.Bahan kimia menimbulkan keterbahayaan pada lingkungan kerja dan pekerja itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan dan pengamanan bahan kimia, harus dilakukan untuk melindungi pekerja dari efek yang merugikan. Pekerja harus mendapatkan perlindungan dari dampak yang diakibatkan oleh bahanbahan kimia di tempat kerja.Laboratorium merupakan suatu tempat dimana banyak dilakukan kegiatan yang menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia. Potensi bahaya yang ditimbulkan antara lain bersifat toksik atau beracun, iritan, karsinogenik, korosif, mudah terbakar dan meledak.Untuk mengetahui paparan bahan kimia di ternpat kerja, dalam hal ini merkuri, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan obyek penelitian adalah pekerja di Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Bandar Lampung. Pengukuran kadar merkuri menggunakan spektrofotometri serapan atom, dengan spesimen yang diambil adalah rambut pekerja.Hubungan paparan merkuri dengan kadar merkuri pada rambut pekerja laboratorium melibatkan variabel lamanya masa kerja, umur pekerja dan kadar merkuri diudara ruang kerja. Kadar merkuri pada rambut pekerja, dibandingkan dengan rata-rata tertinggi kadar merkuri di rambut pads komunitas yang dikeluarkan oleh WHO, yaitu sebesar 2,0 ppm.Dari sejumlah 49 orang pekerja laboratorium, yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai sampel hanya 45 orang, dimana yang bekerja dibagian teknis sebanyak 29 orang, sedangkan yang bekerja dibagian non teknis sebanyak 16 orang.Diperoleh hasil pengukuran kadar merkuri di udara ruang kerja laboratorium masih dibawah nilai ambang batas ( NAB ), tetapi paparan yang terus menerus akan mengakibatkan akumulasi merkuri didalam tubuh, walaupun konsentrasinya dibawah nilai ambang batas.Hasil analisis bivariat terhadap variabel lamanya masa kerja, umur pekerja dan kadar merkuri diudara ruang kerja bagian teknis didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel tersebut dengan kadar merkuri pada rambut pekerja.Pada hasil akhir dari analisis regresi multivariate tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara variabel dependent dan independent Hal ini disebabkan karena ukuran sampel yang kecil dan distribusi data penelitian yang tidak normal.

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Chemicals agent can not be separated with human's life. The benefit of the materials is to increase public's welfare especially that is related to disease control, agricultural productivity, mineral extract in mining, household's necessity and so on.

Chemicals agent may endanger the workers, work environment_ Therefore, materials' management and safety must be carried out for the sake of workers' protection from side effect. The workers need to be protected from the effects that cause by the materials in their work places.

Laboratory is a place where many activities using chemicals agent are conducted. Harmful potentials are caused by toxic agents, irritant, carcinogenic, corrosive chemicals, flammable and explosives substances.

To know the exposured of chemical materials in the work places, especially mercury, the writer conducted a research where the laboratory personnel of Bandar Lampung Health Laboratory were the object of the research. The measurement of the mercury level was by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, and the specimen materials taken were personnel's hair.

The relationship of mercury's exposure to the level of mercury within the laboratory's personnel hair involved length of work variable, personnel's age and level of mercury within the air in the working room. Mercury's level within the and level of mercury within the air in the working room. Mercury's level within the workers' hair were compared with the highest average mercury level within the hair in the community, that issued by WHO is 2.0 part per million.

From 49 laboratory's personnel, those fulfill the sample's criteria were 45, who 29 of them worked in technical section, and 16 others worked in non-technical section.

The obtained result from the measurement of mercury level in the working room at the laboratory remained below Threshold Limit Value (TLV). However, continual mercury's exposure may result mercury accumulation within the body, though its concentration was below the TLV.

The result of bivariat analysis from the variables of length of work, workers' age, and mercury level within the air in the technical section working room showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables and mercury level within workers' hair.

On the final result from multivariate regression analysis, not be obtained fairly significant relationship between dependent and independent variables. This problems caused by sample size was so small and spreading for data was not proportional."