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"Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kalimantan Barat akan menghasilkan emisi pencemar udara yaitu partikulat (PM10), karbon monoksida (CO), sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan ozon (O3) yang berpotensi mencemari kualitas udara di Kota Pontianak. Hasil pemantauan kualitas udara ini berupa nilai Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara (ISPU) yang berisikan nilai konsentrasi dari 5 macam parameter pencemar udara yaitu partikulat (PM10), karbon monoksida (CO), sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan ozon (O3). Kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi antara lain dikarenakan proses konversi hutan dan lahan di beberapa daerah di Kalimantan Barat menjadi lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta pemahaman oleh masyarakat bahwa cara membakar hutan merupakan metode paling murah dalam melakukan pembersihan lahan (land clearing). Kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat dideteksi dengan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jarak jauh yaitu dengan melakukan pemantauan jumlah dan sebaran hotspot (titik panas) di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian mengenai dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kalimantan Barat terhadap kualitas udara Kota Pontianak ini dimulai pada bulan Desember 2009 hingga bulan Mei 2010.Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa semakin banyak jumlah hotspot (titik panas) yang terpantau berpengaruh terhadap kualitas udara di Kota Pontianak. Dimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi seberapa besar dampak dari peristiwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan terhadap kualitas udara Kota Pontianak antara lain adalah jarak hotspot dari Kota Pontianak, suhu, serta arah dan kecepatan angin. Penurunan kualitas udara Kota Pontianak sebagai akibat dari peristiwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah penderita penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan atas (ISPA) dan gangguan saluran pernafasan lainnya. Penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa walaupun nilai ISPU harian termasuk ke dalam kategori baik-sedang, terdapat beberapa jam di hari tersebut yang termasuk ke dalam katergori tidak sehat dan peristiwa peningkatan konsentrasi polutan seringkali terjadi di malam hari.

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Land and forest fire at West Borneo will emit carbon monoxide (CO), particulate (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozon (O3) which are potentially damage the air quality of Pontianak City. The monitoring result will be presented in air polluted standard index (ISPU) value. This index will contain the concentrating value from 5 different air polluting parameters like those that have been mentioned above. Most of land and forest fire caused by several things such as forest and land conversion process in some areas within West Borneo into coconut tree plantation, and the lack of understanding on how to do land clearing in a very cost effective way without burning the land and forest. Land and forest fire is able to be detected by far field identification technology like monitoring the amount and the spreaded hotspot of the burning area in West Borneo. The Research about the effect of land and forest fire at West Borneo to the air quality in Pontianak City was starting in December 2009 until May 2010.This research result then shows that the amount of the detected hotspot area will directly correlated to the air quality of Pontianak City. The distance of the detected hotspot area from Pontianak City, the temperature, the wind speed and direction are a few factors that contributes on how bad the land and forest fire caused the air pollution in Pontianak City. The degradation of air quality in Pontianak City has also made the increasing of the people who suffer upper breathing channel infection (ISPA) and other similar diseases. The research also indicates that although the daily ISPU value is categorized in middle range between good and bad, there are several hours in a single day especially in the evening where the ISPU value will be in the unhealthy range."

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan masalah yang hampir setiap tahunnyaterjadi di provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan data AQMS kota Pekanbaru, konsentrasi PM10mengalami peningkatan hingga level berbahaya pada saat terjadinya bencana kebakaranhutan tersebut. Sementara SO2 masih berada pada level ISPU sedang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kenaikan pajanan PM10 akibatkebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Desain penelitian yang digunakanadalah cross sectional study dan dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2016 ? Juni 2016. Sampelpenelitian sebanyak 97 orang pasien rawat jalan Puskesmas Melur dan Puskesmas Rejosariperiode kebakaran hutan tahun 2015 (September ? Oktober 2015). Hasil penelitian pajananPM10 selama 4 hari tidak signifikan secara statistik terhadap kejadian hipertensi di KotaPekanbaru tahun 2015. Berdasarkan tingkatan ordinal, kategori pajanan PM10 pada tingkattidak sehat memiliki OR terbesar yaitu 2,65 (CI 95% 0,48 ? 14,56), kategori sangat tidaksehat OR sebesar 2,22 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5) dan kategori berbahaya OR 1,69 (CI 95% 0,05? 50,83). setelah di kontrol variabel konfounding yaitu indeks masa tubuh (IMT),pendidikan, jenis kelamin, usia, dan riwayat keluarga yang menderita hipertensi.

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ABSTRACTLand and forest fires was a problem that almost occur in the Riau Province everyyear. Based on Air Quality Monitoring Sytem (AQMS) data in Pekanbaru, theconcentration of PM10 increased to dangerous level during fire forest episode. While SO2still at the moderate level. This objective of this study was to determine the relationshipPM10 exposure during land and forest fires in 2015 with hypertension. This design study ofresearch was cross sectional study and was conducted in February 2016 - June 2016. Thesample was 97 outpatient Rejosari health centers and Melur health centers during fire forestperiod in 2015 (September-October 2015). Results of research PM10 exposure for 1 to 8days was not statistically significant with hypertension in Pekanbaru city in 2015. Underthe ordinal level, exposure category PM10 at unhealthy levels that have the greatest riskwith OR 2.65 (95% CI 0,48 ? 14,56), the category very unhealthy OR of 2.22 (CI 95%0,34 ? 14,5) and hazardous category OR 1.69 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5), after being controlledby the variables of body mass index (BMI), education, gender, age, and family history ofhypertension."

"Kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan peristiwa akibat proses alam dan manusia. Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang sering dilanda kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Umumnya, kebakaran hutan dan lahan di kabupaten ini disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia yang meningkatkan kepadatan penduduk dan pembukaan lahan dengan membakar lahan. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kabupaten Kubu Raya telah menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan dan ekonomi sehingga diperlukan adanya identifikasi wilayah bahaya untuk membangun sistem manajemen yang efektif guna mengendalikan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan dan mengetahui hubungan antara wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan wilayah konsesi di Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk mendapatkan bobot tiap variabel yang digunakan. Terdapat tiga kriteria yang mempengaruhi wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan yaitu topografi, meteorologi, dan aktivitas manusia yang teridiri atas delapan variabel yaitu ketinggian, lereng, aspect, suhu, curah hujan, kecepatan angin, kepadatan penduduk, dan jarak dari permukiman. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan AHP, didapatkan bobot kriteria topografi 0,11; meteorologi 0,28; dan aktivitas manusia 0,62. Wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan di kabupaten ini dibagi menjadi tiga kelas yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Setelah dilakukan analisis weighted overlay berdasarkan bobot akhir, didapatkan bahwa Kabupaten Kubu Raya didominasi oleh wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan sedang yaitu seluas 433.654,34 hektar atau 50,7% dari total wilayah kabupaten. Wilayah bahaya kebakaran terluas kedua adalah pada tingkat tinggi dengan luas 244.282,41 hektar atau 28,6% dari total luas wilayah. Wilayah bahaya kebakaran rendah memiliki 177.624,25 hektar atau 20,8% dari total luas wilayah. Sedangkan untuk bahaya sangat rendah dan sangat tinggi tidak ada di kabupaten ini. Hasil wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan divalidasi dengan titik panas tahun 2021 menggunakan kurva AUC/ROC dan didapatkan area di bawah nilai kurva ROC 0,76 yang menandakan skor model ini dalam kategori baik. Hasil uji chi-square wilayah bahaya dengan wilayah konsesi menghasilkan nilai signifikan kurang dari 0,05 dengan koefisien kontingensi 0,312 maka dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dengan wilayah konsesi.

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Forest and land fires are events that are caused by natural and human processes. Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan is one of the districts that often experience forest and land fires. Generally, forest and land fires in this district are caused by human activities that resulted in increased population density and land clearing through burning land. Forest and land fires in Kubu Raya Regency have caused environmental and economic damage, therefore it is necessary to identify the hazard areas for an effective management system to control and prevent forest and land fires. This research aims to identify fire and land fire hazard areas and determine the relationship between the hazard areas and concession areas in Kubu Raya Regency. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to obtain the weight of each variable used. There are three criteria that affect the forest and land fire hazard area: topography, meteorology, and human activities, which consist of eight variables: altitude, slope, aspect, temperature, rainfall, wind speed, population density, and distance from the settlements. Based on the AHP calculation, the final weight of the topographic criteria is 0.11; meteorology 0.28; and human activity 0.62. The forest and land fire hazard areas in this district are divided into three classes, which are low, medium, and high. The weighted overlay result found that Kubu Raya Regency is dominated by moderate forest and land fire areas, covering an area of 433.654,34 hectares or 50.7% of the total regency area. The second-largest forest and land fire hazard area are at a high level with an area of 244.282,41 hectares or 28.6% of the total area. The low forest and land fire hazard area have 177.624,25 hectares or 28.6% of the total area. The results of forest and land fire hazards area were validated by hotspot data 2021 using the AUC/ROC curve and obtained an area under the ROC curve value of 0.76, which indicates the score of this model is in a moderate category. The results of the statistic test of the hazard area with the concession area yielded a significant value of less than 0.05 with a contingency coefficient of 0.470, which means that there is a moderate relationship between the forest hazard area and the concession area."

"Masalah kebakaran hutan dan lahan telah menjadi isu nasional yang patut mendapat perhatian serius dari pemerintah. Kejadian ini terjadi setiap tahun secara berulang, khususnya pada lahan gambut. Perlu dipahami bahwa, instansi pemerintah dan masyarakat, termasuk petani, perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan dan HTI, merupakan mata rantai yang tidak terputus yang terkait langsung dengan kebakaran hutan dan lahan ini. Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah hubungan antara kebakaran hutan yang dilihat dari parameter hotspot terhadap nilai parameter pencemar udara (ISPU) dan tingkat kesehatan masyarakat kota Pekanbaru. Parameter hotspot yang diteliti adalah semua lokasi yang terdapat di provinsi Riau dari tahun 2005 sampai tahun 2009. Sedangkan resiko pencemaran kualitas udara dan kesehatan masyarakat yang diteliti adalah di kota Pekanbaru pada tahun 2009. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa data sekunder. Penelitian ini menghasilkan hubungan yang erat antara jumlah hotspot yang terdapat di berbagai daerah di provinsi Riau terhadap peningkatan nilai ISPU di kota Pekanbaru. Peningkatan nilai ISPU di kota Pekanbaru seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah hotspot yang terdapat di provinsi Riau. Peningkatan nilai ISPU ini juga berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan masyarakat kota Pekanbaru. Jumlah penderita penyakit meningkat 1 bulan sampai 2 bulan setelah kenaikan nilai ISPU di kota Pekanbaru.

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Problem of land and forest fires have become national issues that deserve serious attention from the government. This event happens every year, especially on peatlands. It should be understood that, government agencies and communities, including farmers, companies and timber plantations, is an unbroken chain which is directly related to this land and forest fires. This study is to learn a relationship between forest fire from the hotspots parameters against the value of air pollutant parameters (ISPU) and the level of public health in Pekanbaru city. Hotspot parameters studied are all the locations contained in Riau province from 2005 until the year 2009. While the risk of pollution of air quality and public health research is in the Pekanbaru city in the year 2009. The method used in this research is secondary data analysis. This research produced a strong correlation between the number of hotspots in the various regions in the Riau province on the increase of the value of ISPU in the Pekanbaru city. Increasing the value of ISPU in the Pekanabaru city along with the increasing number of hotspots located in Riau province. Increasing the value of ISPU is also an effect on people's health in Pekanbaru city. The number of patients increased by one month until two months after the increase in value of ISPU in the Pekanbaru city."

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan masalah yang hampir setiap tahunnyaterjadi di provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan data AQMS kota Pekanbaru, konsentrasi PM10mengalami peningkatan hingga level berbahaya pada saat terjadinya bencana kebakaranhutan tersebut. Sementara SO2 masih berada pada level ISPU sedang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kenaikan pajanan PM10 akibatkebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Desain penelitian yang digunakanadalah cross sectional study dan dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2016 ? Juni 2016. Sampelpenelitian sebanyak 97 orang pasien rawat jalan Puskesmas Melur dan Puskesmas Rejosariperiode kebakaran hutan tahun 2015 (September ? Oktober 2015). Hasil penelitian pajananPM10 selama 4 hari tidak signifikan secara statistik terhadap kejadian hipertensi di KotaPekanbaru tahun 2015. Berdasarkan tingkatan ordinal, kategori pajanan PM10 pada tingkattidak sehat memiliki OR terbesar yaitu 2,65 (CI 95% 0,48 ? 14,56), kategori sangat tidaksehat OR sebesar 2,22 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5) dan kategori berbahaya OR 1,69 (CI 95% 0,05? 50,83). setelah di kontrol variabel konfounding yaitu indeks masa tubuh (IMT),pendidikan, jenis kelamin, usia, dan riwayat keluarga yang menderita hipertensi

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ABSTRACTLand and forest fires was a problem that almost occur in the Riau Province everyyear. Based on Air Quality Monitoring Sytem (AQMS) data in Pekanbaru, theconcentration of PM10 increased to dangerous level during fire forest episode. While SO2still at the moderate level. This objective of this study was to determine the relationshipPM10 exposure during land and forest fires in 2015 with hypertension. This design study ofresearch was cross sectional study and was conducted in February 2016 - June 2016. Thesample was 97 outpatient Rejosari health centers and Melur health centers during fire forestperiod in 2015 (September-October 2015). Results of research PM10 exposure for 1 to 8days was not statistically significant with hypertension in Pekanbaru city in 2015. Underthe ordinal level, exposure category PM10 at unhealthy levels that have the greatest riskwith OR 2.65 (95% CI 0,48 ? 14,56), the category very unhealthy OR of 2.22 (CI 95%0,34 ? 14,5) and hazardous category OR 1.69 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5), after being controlledby the variables of body mass index (BMI), education, gender, age, and family history ofhypertension.;"

"Local Birocracy Performance on The Controlling and to Meassures Forest and Land Fires (Case Study : at Pontianak and Sambas Districts West Kalimantan Province)

Forestry sectors has been playing important role on economics at West Kalimantan is 23,68% (BPS,2000). Forest in this province is categorized as protection forests, wildlife sanctuary, national park, limited production forest, production forest and converted areas, totally number 9,030 acre. Those natural resources is needs to be maintain and to preserve.

Forest and land fires is one of the cause of deforestation, often resulting in loss on several dimensions:such as economics, environmental, ecological, and social. According to Directorate Protection of Forestry Department (1998) in 1997 26.590,36 acres forest and land were on fires.This number included production forest 23.811 acres, ,wildlife sanctuary 1,378 acres. At national level West Kalimantan was on the third rank largest areas loss due to fire.

Local birocracy issued a policy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires. The policy carried out through institutions that were inter-related local birocracy. Institutions whose have responsibilities and duties in solving and handling the fires problems. Nonetheles, those institutions have not perform optimal yet in controlling and to measures, as much as expected. Therefore we need to study the main cause of non optimal performance institutions on local birocracy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.This problem emerges research quoctions:

In which inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

How does local birocracy perform in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

What are the component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

The aim of this research are:

Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

Local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

The component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

This study refered to organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes, and facilities as supporting element on local birocracy performance.

Input elements are organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities. Those inputs later on became variables, which indicate local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.

This research used survey method by using secondary data. Generally,this research used analytical descriptive methods and using ex post facto. In order to analyze raw data, this research used scaling techniques. Refers to goal achivement on each variables, the point of view of analysis is to know about performance of local birocracy at two districts; Pontianak and Sambas.

The conclusions could be drawn from this research are:

Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan.

Local birocracy performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan in Pontianak districts categorized less succes; whereas at Sambas districts, performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan categorized not success and at Dinas Pertanian and Kehutanan less success in in controlling and to measures forest and land fires

3_ Component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities.

There are no decreasing number in forest and land fires and hotspots on 2002 mean vulnerability for forest and land fires in West Kalimantan province still high."

"Pengecekan sertipikat hak atas tanah merupakan kewajiban sekaligus syarat dalam rangka pembuatan akta bagi Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah, dengan tujuan untuk memastikan kesesuaian sertipikat. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan teknologi, serta untuk merealisasikan sebuah layanan yang mudah, cepat, dan biaya ringan, maka dilakukan digitalisasi layanan pengecekan sertipikat. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya ditemukan kendala-kendala, yang juga terjadi di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Pontianak yang berupa ketidaksesuaian hasil pengecekan sertipikat. Hal itu menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum dan kekhawatiran bagi pihak yang berkepentingan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji proses validasi data elektronik dalam pengecekan sertipikat secara elektronik dan mekanisme penanganan yang dilakukan apabila terdapat ketidaksesuaian data dalam pengecekannya. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan metode penulisan yuridis normatif dan didukung oleh hasil wawancara kepada narasumber. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa, pertama, Permasalahan yang muncul berasal dari data-data pertanahan yang tidak valid. Proses validasi oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Pontianak dilakukan dengan memeriksa dan memastikan kesesuaian data-data yang tersimpan di pangkalan data Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional melalui aplikasi Komputerisasi Kantor Pertanahan yang telah disediakan oleh Pusat Data dan Informasi Pertanahan, Tata Ruang, dan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan. Namun kekosongan prosedur yang jelas menyebabkan inkonsistensi data. Kedua, Kantor Pertanahan Kota Pontianak juga bertanggung jawab atas hasil pengecekan yang tidak sesuai. Klarifikasi dan perbaikan data telah dilakukan tetapi masih bersifat pasif. Pencantuman keterangan terkait tata ruang dalam hasil pengecekan dapat pula menimbulkan ketidaksesuaian apabila data tersebut belum disesuaikan dengan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang yang terbaru. Miskonsepsi birokrasi juga berpengaruh dalam masalah tersebut. Dengan demikian, integrasi data harus segera diajukan kepada Direktorat Jenderal Tata Ruang Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional.

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Certificate of land rights checking is an obligation and a condition in terms of making deeds for the Land Deed Making Officer, to ensure the suitability of the certificates. Through the development of times and technology, and to realize an easy, fast, and low-cost service, the digitization of certificate checking services is carried out. However, in its implementation, obstacles were found, which also occurred at the Pontianak City Land Office in the form of discrepancies in its results. This causes legal uncertainty and concern for interested parties. Therefore, this study examines the process of validating electronic data in electronic certificate check and the handling mechanism carried out if there is a data discrepancy in checking. Study was conducted using normative juridical writing methods and supported by the results of interviews with speakers. The results found that, first, the problems rose from invalid land data. Validation process by the Pontianak City Land Office is carried out by checking and ensuring the data suitability stored in the database of the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency through the Computerized Application of the Land Office which has been provided by the Center for Data and Information on Land, Spatial Planning, and Sustainable Food Agricultural Land. But the blankness of obvious procedure leads to data inconsistencies. Second, the Pontianak City Land Office is also responsible for the inappropriate checks results. Clarification and improvement have been carried out, but it is still passive. The inclusion of spatial planning information in the results of the check can also cause discrepancies if the data has not been adjusted to the latest Detailed Spatial Plan. Bureaucratic misconceptions also influence the issue. Thus, data integration must be immediately submitted to the Directorate General of Spatial Planning of the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency."

"Berkembangnya sektor industri di negara kita, selain memberikan dampak positif juga memberikan dampak negatif terutama terhadap lingkungan berupa pencemaran air karena merkuri. Salah satu kota yang berpotensi mengalami pencemaran air adalah Kota Pontianak. Hal ini disebabkan antara lain karena Kota Pontianak merupakan salah satu lokasi penambangan emas.Polutan merkuri di Pulau Kalimantan diperkirakan sebesar 61 ton setiap tahunnya untuk kegiatan penambangan emas skala kecil dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari Universitas Tanjungpura pada Bulan Agustus 2000 diketahui bahwa kandungan merkuri di sepanjang Sungai Kapuas dan anak-anak sungainya, serta pada biota sungai (beberapa jenis ikan), dan pada contoh air PDAM telah melebihi ambang batas. Pencemaran tersebut perlu ditangani serius karena Sungai Kapuas sampai saat ini berfungsi sebagai bahan baku Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Pontianak.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai besarnya pajanan merkuri dalam rambut masyarakat Kota Pontianak. Disamping itu untuk mempelajari hubungan karakteristik responden (umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, dan lama tinggal) serta kebiasaan makan ikan dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut.Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder dari hasil studi Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dan Direktorat Penyehatan Air Ditjen P2M & PL tahun 2000, dengan rancangan Cross Sectional, populasi adalah masyarakat Kota Pontianak pelanggan PDAM. Sampel adalah kepala keluarga / anggota keluarga; umur minimal 15 tahun; tinggal minimal 1 tahun: bersedia diambil sampel rambut dan urin yang diambil dengan metode klaster sebanvak 240 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata kadar merkuri dalam rambut responden 0,9512 µg,/g (95% CI: 0,4534-1,4490), median 0,2900 µg/g, modus 0,00: µg/g, kadar merkuri terendah 0,00 µg/g dan tertinggi 52,57 µg/g. Sebaran kadar merkuri dalam rambut vaitu sebanvak 79 orang mempunyai kadar merkuri antara 0,00-0,09 µg/g 26 orang > 1,47 µg/g, dan sisanya adalah 0,10-1,30 µg/g.Pada kelompok usia 25 - 34 tahun mempunyai proporsi masyarakat yang rambutnya mengandung merkuri lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok umur lainnya. Responden yang frekuensi makan ikan setiap hari memiliki proporsi masyarakat yang rambutuva mengandung merkuri lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok frekuensi makan ikan lainnva. Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, dan lama tinggal di Pontianak dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut.Melihat kecenderungan peningkatan pencemaran air karena merkuri, maka perlu ditingkatkan kerjasama Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dengan sektor terkait, melakukan sosialisi / penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang bahaya akibat pencemaran merkuri, pemeriksaan kadar merkuri secara berkala baik pada air sungai dan ikannya maupun hasil laut, perlu teknologi altematif yang lebih tepat.Perlu dilakukan penelitian yang serupa pada ?kelompok risiko tinggi? yang dilengkapi dengan mengetahui banvaknya ikan yang dikonsumsi setiap hari (beral) serta pemeriksaan kadar merkuri yang terkandung didalamnva. Metoda lain adalah dengan cara melakukan pemeriksaan kadar merkuri dalam rambut responden sentimeter per sentimeter karena setiap sentimeter helai rambut dapat disamakan dengan kira-kira 1 bulan pemajanan.

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The development of industrial sector in Indonesia, beside its positive impacts, also generates negative impacts on environment such as mercury pollution in water. Pontianak City is one potential area to be polluted by mercury because, among others, Pontianak City is gold mining location.

Mercury as pollutant in Kalimantan Island was predicted to be present as many as 61 tones each year for small-scale gold mining activity. Study by Tanjungpura University in August 2000 indicated that mercury level along the Kapuas River and its small canals, and in river biotic (several types of fish), as well as in PDAM (Local Office of Drinking Water) water supply had exceeded the accepted limit. This pollution needs to be seriously handled because Kapuas River is main water provider for PDAM of Pontianak City.

This study aims to obtain information on the magnitude of mercury exposure measured in hair mercury level among community of Pontianak City and to understand the relationship between respondent's characteristics (age, sex, working status/job, and length of stay) and fish eating habit with hair mercury level. This study was secondary data analysis from the primary study by Health Office of West Kalimantan and Directorate of Water Hygiene year 2000, employed a cross-sectional design, with community members subscribed to PDAM as population. 240 sample was chosen using cluster method, head/member of a family, minimum age of 15 years old, stay at least 1 year, and willing to participate in hair and urine tests.

The results showed that the average mercury level in hair was 0.9512 µg/g (95 % Cl: 0,4534-1,4490), median 0.2900 µg/g, the lowest mercury level was 0.00 µg/g and the highest was 52.57µg/g. The distribution of hair mercury level was 79 respondents had 0,00-0,09 µg/g, 26 respondents had > 1,47 µg/g and the rest had 0,10-1,30 µg/g mercury level.

The age group of 25-34 years old had greater proportion of respondents with higher level of hair mercury compared to other age ranges. Respondents who eat fish daily had higher proportion of high hair mercury level compared to other frequency of fish eating.

There is no relationship between sex, working status / job, and length of stay in Pontianak with hair mercury level.

Observing the increasing trend of water mercury pollution, the collaboration between Health Office of West Kalimantan and other related sectors needs to be improved, as to provide socialization / education to the community members on the dangers of mercury pollution, routine mercury level check both in the river and fish:, and needs more appropriate alternative technology.

There is a need to conduct similar research among "the high risk group" including the documentation on how many fish eaten daily (in weight) as well as checking its mercury content. Other method is by examining mercury level in hair centimeter by centimeter because each centimeter of hair shaft equals to a month exposure."

"[;;;, ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) di Riau mulai marak seiring denganmeningkatnya laju penebangan hutan, pembersihan lahan dan iklim kering. Karhutlamenyebabkan pencemaran udara bahkan hingga ke Singapura sehinggamempengaruhi ketegangan politik diantara kedua negara. Karhutla kerap terjadi tiaptahunnya, padahal sudah banyak regulasi dan institusi yang menangani pencegahankarhutla serta pengendalian bencana asap. Ketika proses pembakaran biomassaterjadi, pencemar aerosol terlepas ke udara. Tingginya konsentrasi aerosolmenurunkan kualitas udara setempat dan mengurangi jarak pandang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis kaitan karhutla di Provinsi Riau pada Juni 2013 denganpencemaran udara di Riau dan Singapura, karakteristik aerosol di Singapura pada saatperiode karhutla di Riau dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pencegahan danpengendalian bencana asap akibat karhutla. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahcampuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan data sekunder dan primer yang berasaldari wawancara. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa kebakaran di Riau pada Juni2013 mengakibatkan kenaikan ISPU hingga 1084 (berbahaya) di Riau, kenaikankonsentrasi PM 2,5, dan menurunkan visibilitas di Singapura. Hasil karakterisasimelalui parameter aerosol optical depth (AOD), parameter Ångstrom, dan distribusiukuran partikel menunjukkan keberadaan aerosol berukuran kecil dengan jumlahlebih banyak di Singapura yang merupakan ciri aerosol dari karhutla.Lemahnya kepemimpinan dan penegakan hukum, kurangnya koordinasi antar institusi di tingkat pemerinrah daerah, dan belum optimalnya pemanfaatan informasi peringatan dini adalah sejumlah faktor penghambat implementasi kebijakan pengendalian bencanaasap akibat karhutla.

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ABSTRACTForest and land fire in Riau increase along with the rapid deforestation, land clearing, and fueled by dry climate. Forest and land fire causes trans-boundary air pollution up to Singapore and creates tensions among neighboring countries. Fires in Riau routinely occur every year, although there are a lot of regulations and institutions dealing with fire prevention and smoke haze management. When biomass burns, certain aerosol pollutant is emitted to the atmosphere. High concentration of aerosol could degrade the local air quality and reduce visibility. This study aimed to analyze the relation of forest and land fire in Riau in June 2013 with the air pollution in Riau and Singapore, the characteristics of aerosol in Singapore during the fire period in Riau and the implementation of fire prevention and smoke haze management policies.Research method that being used are a mixture of quantitative and qualitative with secondary and primary data from interview. The research found that Riau fires in June 2013 resulted the increase of Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) until 1084 (hazardous) in Riau, increase the concentration of PM 2,5, and reduce visibility in Singapore. Aerosol characterization through aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstrom parameter and particle size distribution indicates the existence of a small-sized aerosol in a great number in Singapore which is characteristic of aerosol from forest and land fire. Weak leadership and law enforcement, lack of coordination among institutions in local level as well as low utilization of early warning information are a number of factors inhibiting the implementation of smoke haze management policies.]"