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"Proses pemesinan permukaan berkontur pada mesin milling 5-aksis membutuhkan perencanaan yang baik dan efisien. Salah satu cara untuk mencapai hal tersebut adalah dengan melakukan analisa geometri laju pelepasan material dari proses pemotongan. Penggunaan perangkat lunak UGNX4 dalam penelitian ini dapat merancang permukaan berkontur yang memiliki kurvatur tertentu dan kemudian melakukan simulasi pemotongan secara offline dengan menggunakan inclination angle dan screw angle yang bervariasi pada alat potong. Untuk mendapatkan data yang beragam dirancang permukaan berkontur yang mempunyai permukaan cembung dan cekung. Pengambilan data dibuat sedekat mungkin dari satu titik ke titik lainnya. Hasil dari penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan dimana semakin kecil sudut inklinasi maka semakin besar luas bidang potong. Selain itu pada arah pemotongan menuju permukaan yang cekung dimana nilai kurvatur semakin besar didapatkan nilai lebar alur pemotongan orthogonal semakin besar sehingga pelepasan material semakin besar dan cepat. Dengan diketahuinya laju pelepasan material maka bisa dibuat suatu perencanaan yang efisien pada pemesinan 5-aksis permukaan berkontur.

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Machining process for sculptured surface on 5-axis milling machine needs a good and efficient process plan. One way to achieve that is to do geometry analysis on material removal rate from the cutting process. By utilizing software UGNX4 in this experiment, makes it possible to design a sculptured surface with it?s own curvature and then do the cutting simulation off-line, with the variations of inclination angle and screw angle to the cutting tool. To gain and represent various of data, it is designed a sculptured surface which includes a convex and concave surface. Acquisition of data is done as close as possible from one point to another. This experiment describes whereas the smaller the inclination angle the bigger the cutting area of the work piece. Beside that in which the cutting direction towards the concave surface, the machining strip width is getting wider thus the material removal rate is bigger and faster. With the known material removal rate, gives the possibility to make an efficient 5-axis machining process plan of sculptured surface."

"The purpose of this study is to clarify the ecosystem quality of Bayur Bay based on heavy metalic elements (CD and Pb) behaviour in surface sediment. Sediment samples were collected using grap sampler from 4 stations in Bayur Bay. West Sumatera Province, Indonesia in March to April 2009. Surface sediment samples were used for the mechanical analysis by the settlingtube method, and mean size diameter was calculated based on the proportion of grain - size distribution. Concentration of CD and of Pb in the samples were determined using Automic Absorption Spectrofotimetry (ASS). One way Analysis variance (ANOVA) was carried to clarify the relation between the concentration of Cd, and mean size diameter of sediment. General trend of Cd and Pb distribution strongly indicate that the ecosystem quality of Bayur Bay is in same level for all stations as shown by result of one way anova (Tcalculate < Ttable). The study area is under influence of human activities supplied Cd and Pb to the surface sediment . Result of linier regression analysis show is under influence of human activities supplied Cd and Pb to the surface sediment. results of linier regression analysis show negative correlation between Cd concentration and mean size diameter shows positive value (Y = -0.031x + 1.262). Constrastingly, correlation between Pb concentration and mean size diameter show positive value (Y = 0,098x - 0,10). Cd and Pb concentrations in surface sediment of Bayur Bay are lower than the ERL (Effect Range Low : Cd = 1,2 ppm; Pb = 46,7 ppm) and ERM (Effect Range Median : Cd = 9,6 ppm; Pb = 218 ppm) indicating the Bayur Bay ecosystem is not yet polluted by the concentrations."

"Untuk mencapai proses efisiensi milling, salah satunya dengan menggunakan strategi pemesinan peripheral milling karena material removal rate (mrr) yang besar terutama bila diaplikasi pada permukaan planar. Peripheral milling menemukan banyak kendala saat mengerjakan jenis permukaan sculptured dan memerlukan bentuk tool khusus yang menyesuaikan bentuk permukaan. Selain itu upaya efisiensi dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi setup tool pada setiap tahapan proses (single setup tool) dengan menggunakan parameter tool yang sama misalnya silindrical cutter. Namun peripheral milling menggunakan tool silinder pada permukaan sculptured memerlukan metode dan strategi khusus, karena akan menemukan banyak interference antara tool dengan permukaan tergantung pada parameter tool dan initial tool orientation-nya. Sehingga problem dalam menentukan metode dan strategi pemesinan peripheral milling pada sculptured surface menggunakan tool silinder menjadi menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut dan menjadi keterbaharuan dalam penelitian ini. Posisi tool pada setiap cc-point mengandung nilai Normal vector (N), Feed direction vector (F) dan Tool Vector (T). Penetilian ini menghasilkan mengembangkan metode inisial orientasi tool peripheral, metode pendeteksian dan penghindaran interference peripheral, metode inisialisasi area non-machinable peripheral, dan pengembangan strategi diantaranya startegi tool orientasi alternative peripheral, strategi penghindaran intereference, startegi milling area non-machinable peripheral, strategi efektifitas terhadap arah pemakanan, strategi end milling sebagai solusi milling area non-machinable dan terakhir startegi hybrid milling (gabungan peripheral dengan end milling) menggunakan single parameter tool. Hasil pengembangan metode dan strategi kemudian divalidasi dengan simulasi milling pada model uji sculptured surface. Setelah diaplikasi pada beberapa model uji sculpturedsurface berbasis model faset, membuktikan metode dan strategi pemesinan yang dikembangkan telah berhasil disimulasikan pada seluruh area sculptured surface.Hasilnya dipresentasikan dalam prosentase kemampuan peripheral milling dan hasil akhir berupa toolpath simulasi hybrid milling. Hasil pengembangannya pada metode dan startegi peripheral milling ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan pengembangan strategi milling 5-axis selanjutnya

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To achieve the milling efficiency process, one of them is by using a peripheral milling machining strategy because high of the material removal rate (mrr), especially when applied to a planar surface. Peripheral milling encountered many obstacles when working on sculptured surface types and required a special form of tool to adjust the surface shape. In addition, efficiency efforts can be made by reducing the setup tool at each stage of the process (single setup tool) by using the same tool parameters such as a cylindrical cutter. However, peripheral milling using the tool cylinder on the sculptured surface requires a special method and strategy, because it will find a lot of interference between the tool and the surface depending on the tool parameters and the initial tool orientation. So that the problem in

determining the method and strategy of peripheral milling machining on sculptured surfaces using tool cylinders becomes interesting for further research and becomes a novelty in this study. Tool position at each cc-point contains Normal vector (N), Feed direction vector (F) and Tool Vector (T) values. This research resulted in

developing initial peripheral tool orientation methods, detection and avoidance methods for peripheral interference, methods for identification non-machinable peripheral areas, and developing strategies including alternative orientation tool peripheral strategies, interference avoidance strategies, non-machinable peripheral area milling strategies, effectiveness strategies for feed direction, end milling strategy as a solution for milling non-machinable areas and finally hybrid milling strategy (combination of peripherals and end milling) using a single parameter tool. The results of developing methods and strategies were then validated by simulating milling on the sculptured surface test model. After being applied to several sculptured surface test models based on the faceted model, it was proven that the developed machining methods and strategies has been simulated successfully on the entire sculptured surface area. The results are presented in the percentage of peripheral milling capabilities and the final result is a hybrid milling simulation toolpath. The results of its development on this peripheral milling method and strategy can be used as a reference for the development of the next 5-axis milling strategy."

"Studi prihal pengaruh surfaktan anionik terhadap interaksi permukaan minyak dan air dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan volume segmen-segmen dua buah tetesan yang terbuat dari dua bahan yang berbeda yaitu larutan sodium dodesil sulfat 0.01 molar dan air suling. Penelitian ini dilakukan didalam tabung yang terbuat dari plexiglass yang dirancang oleh penulis bersama tim. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yang pertama adalah perancangan tabung percobaan dan fabrikasi tabung percobaan. Tahap kedua adalah pemilihan bahan kimia yang cocok dan di tahap kedua ini percobaan surfaktan anionik dilakukan. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah air suling, minyak paraffin, dan sodium dodesil sulfat. Tabung yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini terbuatdari plexiglass dan memiliki penampang tampak atas berbentuk bujur sangkar untuk meminimalisasi distorsi foto kedua jenis tetesan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sodium dodesil sulfat dengan konsentrasi 0.01 molar mampu menurunkan tegangan permikaan tetesan air suling sehingga menghasilkan bentuk tetesan yang ellipsoid. Lebih lagi, sifat amfifilik yang dimiliki oleh sodium dodesil sulfat diperkuat kecendrungan lipofiliknya untuk menempel pada minyak paraffin karena bertambahnya luas penampang tetesan yang semula berbentuk bola menjadi ellipsoid akibat berkurangnya tegangan permukaan tetesan. Rasio volume segmen-segmen kedua tetesan menunjukkan bahwa sodium dodesil sulfat memiliki kecendrungan untuk sedikit lebih lipofilik daripada hidrofilik.

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The study of the influence of anionic surface active agent (surfactant) on the interactions between oil and water interfaces was done by comparing the volumes of droplet which were divided into segments in a controlled environment using a column designed by the team. The experiment involves two phases; the first were column design and fabrication while the next were the selection of suitable chemicals and the commencement of the anionic surface active agent experiment. The substances used in this experiment were deionised water, paraffin oil, and sodium dodecyl sulphate 0.01 molar solution. The column was made of plexiglass with rectangular cross-section to minimise optical distortion of the droplet image.

It was found that sodium dodecyl sulphate solution reduces the surface tension of deionised water of droplet resulting in an ellipsoid shaped droplet. In addition to the amphiphilic nature of sodium dodecyl sulphate; the ellipsoid shape of sodium dodecyl sulphate droplet caused by the reduced surface tension has greater surface area compared to the spherical deionised water droplet which further increased its affinity toward paraffin oil. The volumetric ratio of the droplet segments suggest that sodium dodecyl sulphate has a slight tendency to be more lipophilic that hydrophilic."

"Kelapa sawit yang merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan terbesar dari Indonesia menghasilkan limbah berupa tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) yang menjadi penyumbang limbah organik terbanyak. TKKS memiliki kompleksitas struktur yang tinggi yang membuatnya sulit untuk diproses menjadi bahan kimia bernilai tambah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan modifikasi atau perlakuan untuk memanfaatkan TKKS. Salah satu cara untuk memodifikasi TKKS ini adalah dengan melakukan penghilangan lignin atau delignifikasi dengan metode perlakuan plasma atmosfer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penyemprotan air sebelum perlakuan plasma atmosfer dan variasi waktu plasma atmosfer terhadap morfologi permukaan, kemampubasahan, dan kekasaran permukaan dari TKKS. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan TKKS dengan variabel penyemprotan air dan waktu selama 15, 30, 45, dan 60 detik. TKKS yang sudah melewati perlakuan plasma atmosfer dengan variabel tersebut akan melewati proses purifikasi dengan metode sonikasi di dalam larutan alkali. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan pengujian Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), sudut kontak, dan kekasaran permukaan. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa penyemprotan air sebelum perlakuan plasma atmosfer akan meningkatkan kekasaran dari 2,333 μm menjadi 2,525 μm, meningkatkan hidrofilitas dari sudut kontak sebesar 73,94° menjadi 33,96°, dan penurunan puncak pada bilangan gelombang 1030 cm-1 , 1240 cm-1 , dan 1510 cm-1 yang menunjukan adanya gugus C-H pada cincin aromatik dalam syringyl, gugus C-O untuk cincin syringyl dan guaiacyl pada lignin, dan adanya gugus C=C pada cincin aromatik dari lignin. Variasi waktu plasma atmosfer akan meningkatkan kekasaran dari 2,333 μm menjadi 5,097 μm, meningkatkan hidrofilitas dari sudut kontak sebesar 73,94o menjadi 24,87o , dan penurunan puncak pada bilangan gelombang 1030 cm-1 , 1240 cm-1 , dan 1510 cm-1 yang menunjukan adanya gugus C-H pada cincin aromatik dalam syringyl, gugus C-O untuk cincin syringyl dan guaiacyl pada lignin, dan adanya gugus C=C pada cincin aromatik dari lignin. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penyemprotan air sebelum perlakuan plasma atmosfer dan variasi waktu perlakuan plasma atmosfer berpengaruh pada morfologi permukaan, kemampubasahan, dan kekasaran permukaan dari TKKS.

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Oil palm is one of the largest plantation commodities from Indonesia that produces waste in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and is the largest contributor to organic waste. OPEFB has high structural complexity that makes it difficult to be processed into value-added chemicals. Therefore, modification or treatment is needed to utilize OPEFB. One way to modify this OPEFB is by performing lignin removal or delignification with the atmospheric plasma treatment method. This research aims to study the effect of water spraying before atmospheric plasma treatment and variations in atmospheric plasma time on surface morphology, wettability, and surface roughness of OPEFB. This research used OPEFB with variable water spraying and time for 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds. OPEFB that has passed through atmospheric plasma treatment with these variables will pass through a purification process by sonication method in an alkaline solution. Characterization uses Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, and surface roughness. The test results show that spraying water before atmospheric plasma treatment will increase the roughness from 2.333 μm to 2.525 μm, increase the hydrophilicity of the contact angle from 73.94° to 33.96°, and decrease the peaks at wave numbers 1030 cm-1 , 1240 cm-1 , and 1510 cm-1 which indicate the presence of C-H groups on the aromatic ring in syringyl, C-O groups for syringyl and guaiacyl rings in lignin, and the presence of C=C groups on the aromatic ring of lignin. Time variation of atmospheric plasma will increase the roughness from 2.333 μm to 5.097 μm, increase the hydrophilicity from a contact angle of 73.94° to 24.87°, and decrease the peaks at wave numbers 1030 cm1 , 1240 cm-1 , and 1510 cm-1 which indicate the presence of C-H groups on aromatic rings in syringyl, C-O groups for syringyl and guaiacyl rings in lignin, and the presence of C=C groups on aromatic rings of lignin. This study shows that water spraying before atmospheric plasma treatment and variations in atmospheric plasma treatment time affect the surface morphology, wettability, and surface roughness of TKKS."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai kekasaran permukaan lempeng resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dengan serat dan tanpa serat. Penelitian menggunakan 32 spesimen dengan 16 spesimen untuk masing-masing kelompok. Nilai kekasaran permukaan (Ra) diukur dengan menggunakan Surface Roughness Tester pada 5 tempat berbeda dengan masing-masing panjang evaluasi 7,5 mm.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara nilai rata-rata kekasaran permukaan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dengan serat dan tanpa serat.

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The aim of this study was to determine the difference of surface roughness value of veined and non-veined heat-cured acrylic resin. Thirty two specimens of acrylic resin were used in this study with 16 specimens of each group. Surface roughness value (Ra) was measured using Surface Roughness Tester at 5 different places with each 7,5 mm of evaluation length.

The result of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of surface roughness value of veined and non-veined heat-cured acrylic resin."

"[ABSTRAKJika dilakukan observasi, bentuk permukaan bumi setiap saat selalu berubah-ubahatau mengalami deformasi. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor alam, manusiaataupun gabungan dari keduanya. Beberapa perubahan bentuk ini dapatmenyebabkan bencana kalau tidak kerugian. Sehingga perlu adanya suatu metodeuntuk melakukan pengukuran dan pemetaan deformasi permukaan tanah.Pada penulisan ini dilakukan study-case pemetaan deformasi yang terjadi padaarea Bandung dan sekitarnya. Fokus dari percobaan adalah mengamati lajudeformasi pertahun pada area tersebut. Teknik PSInSAR dengan kerangka kerjaStaMPS digunakan untuk mengolah data citra PALSAR satelit ALOS menjadipeta laju deformasi.Pemetaan dengan citra radar dipilih karena kemampuan akuisisi citranya yangdapat digunakan pada hampir semua kondisi. Sinyal sensor SAR dapat menembusawan sehingga dapat mengatasi kesulitan dalam menganalisis kawasan yangdiselimuti awan, seperti Bandung. Sensor ini juga dapat bekerja siang-malam,karena sensor bekerja secara aktif dalam memancarkan dan menangkap sinyalnya.Ketelitian hingga ukuran mm per tahun dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakanteknik SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry. Selain itu dengan melakukananalisis ampitudo dan fase pada beberapa interferogram menggunakan kerangkakerja StaMPS, pengukuran juga dapat dilakukan walaupun pada area yangberkoherensi rendah. Misalnya sebagian besar area terselimuti oleh vegetasiataupun keadaan atmosfir yang menyelimuti, seperti kawasan Bandung dansekitarnya.Dari hasil pemetaan dapat diamati bahwa terjadi penurunan permukaan tanah padahampir seluruh kawasan perkotaan Bandung. Penyusutan dengan nilai tertinggiterjadi pada daerah Cimahi dan Bojong sebesar 13.5 cm per tahun. Didugapenurunan muka tanah pada area perkotaan Bandung diakibatkan oleh pemakaianair tanah yang berlebih terutama pada kawasan industri.

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ABSTRACTIf the observation is made, it is observable that earth surface is always changing orconstantly undergo a deformation. This can be caused by natural factors, human,or a combination of both. Some of these deformation can lead to disaster if notlosses. Because of that, it important to have method to measure and ultimatelymap the ground surface deformation.In this study-case, the map of deformation that occurs in Bandung and itsurrounding areas was made. The focus of the experiment was to observe thedeformation rate per year in these areas. PSInSAR technique with StaMPSframework was used to processed PALSAR images of ALOS satellite.Mapping with radar images was chosen because of radar imaging system have thecapabilities to operate at almost any condition. SAR sensor signal can penetrateclouds this can be used to overcome the difficulties in analyzing the cloudy areas,such as Bandung. This sensor can also work day and night, because it is activesensor, it emit and recieve it's own signal.Using the SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry technique, measurementaccuracy up to mm per year can be obtained. In addition, by analyzing amplitudeand phase of multiple interferograms using StaMPS framework, the measurementeven with low coherence image can be done. For example, most of the area-ofinterestis covered by vegetation or randomly high atmosphere retardation atsurrounds area, such as Bandung and it?s surrounding areas.Form the deformation map, can be observed that there was a subsidence in almostall urban areas in Bandung. The highest value of ground shrinkage occurred inCimahi and Bojong with 13.5 cm per year. Suspected, land subsidence of urbanareas in Bandung was caused by excessive use of ground water, especially in theindustrial area.;If the observation is made, it is observable that earth surface is always changing orconstantly undergo a deformation. This can be caused by natural factors, human,or a combination of both. Some of these deformation can lead to disaster if notlosses. Because of that, it important to have method to measure and ultimatelymap the ground surface deformation.In this study-case, the map of deformation that occurs in Bandung and itsurrounding areas was made. The focus of the experiment was to observe thedeformation rate per year in these areas. PSInSAR technique with StaMPSframework was used to processed PALSAR images of ALOS satellite.Mapping with radar images was chosen because of radar imaging system have thecapabilities to operate at almost any condition. SAR sensor signal can penetrateclouds this can be used to overcome the difficulties in analyzing the cloudy areas,such as Bandung. This sensor can also work day and night, because it is activesensor, it emit and recieve it's own signal.Using the SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry technique, measurementaccuracy up to mm per year can be obtained. In addition, by analyzing amplitudeand phase of multiple interferograms using StaMPS framework, the measurementeven with low coherence image can be done. For example, most of the area-ofinterestis covered by vegetation or randomly high atmosphere retardation atsurrounds area, such as Bandung and it?s surrounding areas.Form the deformation map, can be observed that there was a subsidence in almostall urban areas in Bandung. The highest value of ground shrinkage occurred inCimahi and Bojong with 13.5 cm per year. Suspected, land subsidence of urbanareas in Bandung was caused by excessive use of ground water, especially in theindustrial area., If the observation is made, it is observable that earth surface is always changing orconstantly undergo a deformation. This can be caused by natural factors, human,or a combination of both. Some of these deformation can lead to disaster if notlosses. Because of that, it important to have method to measure and ultimatelymap the ground surface deformation.In this study-case, the map of deformation that occurs in Bandung and itsurrounding areas was made. The focus of the experiment was to observe thedeformation rate per year in these areas. PSInSAR technique with StaMPSframework was used to processed PALSAR images of ALOS satellite.Mapping with radar images was chosen because of radar imaging system have thecapabilities to operate at almost any condition. SAR sensor signal can penetrateclouds this can be used to overcome the difficulties in analyzing the cloudy areas,such as Bandung. This sensor can also work day and night, because it is activesensor, it emit and recieve it's own signal.Using the SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry technique, measurementaccuracy up to mm per year can be obtained. In addition, by analyzing amplitudeand phase of multiple interferograms using StaMPS framework, the measurementeven with low coherence image can be done. For example, most of the area-ofinterestis covered by vegetation or randomly high atmosphere retardation atsurrounds area, such as Bandung and it’s surrounding areas.Form the deformation map, can be observed that there was a subsidence in almostall urban areas in Bandung. The highest value of ground shrinkage occurred inCimahi and Bojong with 13.5 cm per year. Suspected, land subsidence of urbanareas in Bandung was caused by excessive use of ground water, especially in theindustrial area.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peran root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning (minosiklin 2,1% dan EDTA 24%) terhadap keberadaan smear layer setelah penghalusan akar gigi. Metoda: Sepuluh gigi manusia yang dicabut akibat kelainan periodontal dan dilakukan penghalusan akar. Gigi dipotong pada daerahsepertiga servikal, dan 30 spesimen yang terbentuk dibagi dalam tiga kelompok.Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap tingkat keberadaan smear layer antara kelompok minosiklin maupun EDTA (p=0,759). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok minosiklin dan EDTA dengan salin sebagai kontrol (p=0,00). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara penggunaan root surface conditioning terhadap keberadaan smear layer.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.;Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer., Background: Role of root surface conditioning of the existence of smear layer.Objective: To analyze the smear layer on root surface conditioned withminocycline HCl 2,1% , EDTA gel 24%, after root planed.Materials and methods: Ten human teeth removed due to chronic periodontitis were collected and root planed. The teeth were sectioned on 1/3 cervikal, 30 specimens were divided into three groups. Results: No significant differences of smear layer between minocycline and EDTA (p=0,759). There was significant differences of minocycline and EDTA group compare to saline (p=0,00).Conclusion: There was relationship of root surface conditioning treatment with smear layer.]"