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"Skripsi ini berisi tinjauan ekonomi dan hukum terhadap kebijkan pemerintah yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 34 tahun 2009 (Pengutamaan Pemasokan Kebutuhan Mineral dan Batubara Untuk Kepentingan Dalam Negeri/ DMO/ Domestic Market Obligation) dan Pertauran MEnteri ESDM Nomor 17 Tahun 2010 (Penetapan Patokan Harga Batubara/ Penetapan Harga Batubara) yang merupakan turunan dari Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang PErtambangan Mineral dan Batubara terhadap Ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Indikasi permasalahan dalam skripsi ini adalah intervensi dari pemerintah yang melakukan intervensi terhadap mekanisme pasar dalam industri batubara di Indonesia. Selain itu dalam skripsi ini juga terdapat pembahasan dari pemasukan negara akibat dari adanya mekanisme tersebut. Skripsi ini juga berisi pembahasan tentang penguasaan pasokan batubara yang dilakukan oleh PT. PLN (Persero) sebagai akibat dari hak monopolinya.

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This thesis discusses about the economic and legal aspects from government regulation about Domestic Market Obligation as refer to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resiurces (MoEMR) Regulation No. 34 Year 2009 and Coal Price Benchmark as refer to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR) Regulation No. 17 Year 2010. Both of this MoEMR are the Regulation under Law No. 4 Year 2009. This 2 MoEMR will be viewed from the perspective of Law No. 5 Year 1999 regarding prohibition on monopolistic practices an dunfair competition. The main problem of this thesis are the intervension from the government in the market of coal industry in Indonesia. Beside that, in this thesis also include cthe calculation of this nation income and also give an overviwew about the monopsony held by PT. PLN (Persero)."

"Tesis ini membahas asas keseimbangan dalam Power Purchase Agreement (Perjanjian Jual Beli Listrik) dengan memfokuskan analisis kepada pelaksanaan asas keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Listrik. Pembahasan mengacu pada peraturan perundangan di bidang ketenagalistrikan dan peraturan terkait, teori hukum tentang keseimbangan dari para sarjana hukum terkemuka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa Pemerintah sebaiknya mengawasi pelaksanaan Perjanjian Jual Beli Listrik agar keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban tetap terjaga, memberikan dukungan kepada pihak yang lemah kedudukannya dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Listrik agar kedudukan PLN dan produsen listrik swasta sama kuat.

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The focus of this thesis discusses the balance of rights and obligations reflected in power purchase agreement with focus on the implementation of balance principle. The analysis is conducted by referring to prevailing Electricity laws and regulations and theory of law on balance principle from notable legal scholars. The data were collected by library research. The researcher suggests that Government supervises the implementation of power purchase agreement, to render support for less powerful party in order to protect both parties? position remain balance."

"Keinginan masyarakat menyimpan uangnya pada investasi yang lebih berisiko saat ini semakin tinggi. Salah satu yang menjadi investasi primadona adalah dalam bentuk saham. PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) Tbk dengan kode perdagangan saham PGAS adalah saham BUMN dengan likuiditas tinggi dalam transaksi harian BEI, sehingga selalu dipilih oleh investor lokal maupun asing. Dengan bisnis di bidang penjualan gas bumi, perusahaan memiliki prospek positif yang berpotensi memberikan keuntungan para pemegang sahamnya. Namun demikian, tentunya investor tetap harus mempertimbangkan kelayakan harga perusahaan. Analisa fundamental dengan pendekatan top-down dan analisa teknikal akan dipergunakan dalam mencari harga wajar saham PGAS sehingga risiko bagi investor diminimalisir. Berdasarkan analisa fundamental maka diperoleh harga wajar sahamnya senilai Rp. 4.725 dan analisa teknikal memperkirakan saham ini dalam kondisi uptrend dengan target Rp. 4.400 - Rp. 4.800. Dengan demikian, bila dibandingkan dengan kondisi harga saat analisa dilakukan maka rekomendasinya adalah buy.

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Nowadays, people are getting more interested in risky investment. One of the most attractive forms of this kind of investment for the investors is the share trading. PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) Tbk, a public listed state-owned company with the ticker of PGAS in Bursa Efek Indonesia, has high liquidity in daily trading so that it always attracts many local and foreign investors. PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) Tbk's core business is delivering natural gas to the end user, a field which so far has always given its investors a positive yield on their investments. However, it is still necessary for every investor to mull over the value of each company in which s/he would like to invest. For this purpose, a fundamental analysis with a top-down approach along with a technical analysis should be applied to determine the fair price of the PGAS share so that the risks for the investors could be minimized. The fundamental analysis shows that the fair price of PGAS share is about Rp 4,725,- whilst the technical analysis predicts that the sentiment toward this share is improving, ascending the trading trend of the stock within the price target of Rp 4,400,- to Rp 4,800,-. The gap between its actual value and the value at which the stock has been traded at the time this study was conducted shows how investors could multiply the value of their investments by buying the PGAS? share, so that the recommendation for the investors would be buy."

"[ABSTRAKLahirnya harga patokan batubara (HPB) merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang penting dalam rangka menata kembali manfaat yang optimal dalam pengelolaan batubara di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki sumberdaya dan cadangan yang cukup besar, yaitu cadangan saat ini sekitar 41 miliar ton. Sedangkan produksi tahun lalu sudah mencapai sekitar 450 juta ton sehingga telah menjadi negara pengekspor batubara no.1 di dunia. Oleh karena itu HPB merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat menguntungkan beberapa pihak. Pihak pelaku baik produsen dan konsumen telah memiliki alat bantu yang cukup jelas dalam penentuan harga batubara baik untuk harga spot atau kontrak. Sedangkan bagi pemerintah, tentu saja salah satu pusat perhatiannya adalah ketentuan harga untuk penetapan penerimaan negara semakin jelas dan transparan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengkaji keefektifan perhitungan harga patok batubara yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementrian ESDM melalui Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara.Selain itu penelitian ini dilakukan guna memberikan manfaat terhadap perusahaan tambang batubara untuk bagaimana melakukan aktivitas kegiatannya agar dapat tetap bertahan di dalam menghadapi dan mengantisipasi perubahan harga batubara yang fluktuatif dan semakin cenderung menurun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data amatan perusahaan energi yang beroperasi di salah satu area tambang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan suatu model perhitungan untuk menentukan keefektifan dan kelayakan keekonomiannya dalam usaha pertambangan batubara. Model perhitungan dan analisa dalam penelitian ini juga bertujuan memberikan gambaran pengaruh penetapan harga jual batubara terhadap eksistensi perusahaan tambang batubara pemegang IUP atau PKP2B sumberdaya alam batubara di wilayah Indonesia pada khususnya.

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ABSTRACTThe emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular. ;he emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular. , he emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular. ]"

"Disharmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan pada ranah hukum keuangan publik, khususnya yang beririsan dengan BUMN dan Anak Perusahaan BUMN, merupakan isu yang mendasar dan krusial. Inkonsistensi tersebut mempengaruhi penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh dualisme status hukum kekayaan dan keuangan negara, dan mengenai mekanisme pengembalian serta hak penguasaan dan kepemilikan secara riil atas Dana Kerja Sama Operasional (Dana KSO) yang telah disetor ke kas negara sebagai uang pengganti tindak pidana korupsi dalam kasus tindak pidana korupsi pada Anak Perusahaan BUMN (PT PLNBB). Metode penelitian dilakukan yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach), serta metode kepustakaan yang didasarkan pada argumentasi melalui studi pustaka. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan, mekanisme pengembalian kerugian pada PT PLNBB sebagai Anak Perusahaan BUMN berdasarkan Putusan Kasasi Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 3318 K/Pid-Sus/2019 dapat mengacu pada ketentuan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) sebab hak kepemilikan dan penguasaan Dana KSO telah berada di negara. Salah satu langkah hukum yang dapat dilakukan PT PLNBB sebagai salah satu Anak Perusahaan BUMN yang dipersamakan sebagai BUMN dapat mengajukan permohonan fatwa Mahkamah Agung. Pada lain sisi, menurut teori hukum keuangan publik, analisis pengembalian tersebut dapat dikaitkan dengan ketentuan hukum perdata dan adanya kerugian yang ada pada PT PLNBB. Keabsahan Perjanjian KSO Penambangan Batu Bara antara PT PLNBB dan PT TME tidak memenuhi unsur sebab yang halal, sehingga perjanjian KSO tersebut seharusnya batal demi hukum (null and void), serta Dana KSO seharusnya dapat dikembalikan agar seperti semula dalam Kas PT PLNBB.

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Disharmonization of laws and regulations in public finance law, especially those that cross with BUMN and BUMN Subsidiaries, is a fundamental and crucial issue. The inconsistency affects law enforcement. This study analyzes the effect of dualism on the legal status of wealth and state finances and regarding the return mechanism as well as rights of control and ownership in real terms over the Operational Cooperation Fund (Dana KSO), which has been accepted into the state treasury as a substitute for corruption in corruption cases in BUMN Subsidiary (PT PLNBB). The research method is juridical-normative with a statutory approach (statute approach) and a case approach (case approach), as well as a library method based on arguments through literature study. Based on the method used, the mechanism for returning losses to PT PLNBB as a BUMN Subsidiary based on the Cassation Judgement of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3318 K/Pid-Sus/2019 can refer to non-tax avenue (PNBP) provisions because the ownership and control rights of the KSO Fund are already in the country. One of the legal steps PT PLNBB can take as a BUMN Subsidiary, equated to a BUMN, is to apply for a fatwa from the Supreme Court. On the other hand, according to the theory of public finance law, the analysis of these returns can be correlated to civil law provisions and losses in PT PLNBB. The validity of the Coal Mining KSO Agreement between PT PLNBB and PT TME does not fulfill the elements of lawful purpose, so the KSO Agreement should be null and void, and the KSO Funds should be able to be returned to PT PLNBB."

"Meningkatnya persaingan global serta krisis moneter dan ekonomi yang dihadapi negara dan bangsa Indonesia saai ini menuntut PT PLN (Persero) agar BUMN sebagai salah satu pelaku ekonomi, lebih meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitasnya, disamping melaksanakan peran sosialnya.Pemberian kesempatan kepada sektor swasta untuk melakukan kegiatan di bidang kelistrikan dalam rangka privatisasi dengan mengambil bentuk "liberalisasi", ternyata telah menyebabkan kerugian, bahkan mengancam kelangsungan hidup perusahaan.Agar PT PLN (Persero) mampu untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitasnya, model "korporatisasi" atau privatisasi manajemen merupakan pilihan untuk lebih meningkatkan kinerja PT PLN (Persero). Dalam kaftan ini, berbagai langkah strategik .perlu dilakukan, baik dari segi kelembagaan maupun sumberdaya manusianya.Dari segi kelembagaan diharapkan agar perusahaan induk (Holding Company) dapat berperan terutama dalam perencanaan perusahaan dan membina hubungan dengan pemerintah, sedangkan kegiatan usaha untuk mendapatkan keuntungan diserahkan kepada unit-unit bisnis yang ada Selain .daripada itu, diupayakan pula pengembangan unit unit bisnis dan anak perusahaan, yang memungkinkan perusahaan lebih mandiri dalam pendanaannya.Visi perusahaan perlu segera dirumuskan dan disepakati bersama agar karyawan mempunyai pedoman tentang masa depan yang ingin dicapai serta cars-cars untuk mencapainya. Selain daripada itu, peningkatan profesionalisme karyawan serta pemberian pelayanan prima kepada pelanggan perlu dilakikan melatui serangkaian langkah konkrit demi masa depan cerah bagi PT PLN (Persero)."