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"Tesis ini membahas mengenai latar belakang terjadinya transisi demokrasi di Myanmar dengan menganalisis kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi selama tahun 2003-2010. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa transisi demokrasi di Myanmar terjadi karena inisiatif elit penguasa yang secara dominan didorong oleh faktor-faktor eksternal yang datang dari aktor internasional. Argumen ini didapatkan setelah dilakukannya analisis perbandingan antara faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang ada di Myanmar. Faktor-faktor yang dianalisa diambil dari indikator-indikator konsep transisi demokrasi yang dikemukakan oleh para ahli.

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The focus of this study is about the democratic transition in Myanmar. This research is conducted using quantitative method, focusing mainly in literature study. The purpose of this research is to identify reasons behind the democratic transition in Myanmar by analyzing the events happening during 2003-2010. The finding of this research describes that external factors and international actors is determinant in pushing the military regime to start the democratic transition in Myanmar. This argument derived from a comparative analysis between internal and external factors existed in Myanmar. These factors are taken from democratic transition concept indicators stated by the experts."

"This article explores the relationship between socioeconomic status and support for the opposition by examining six legislative elections in the democratic transition period between 1980 and 1995. We demonstrate how political economic environment, framed by the constitutional, economic, and cross-strait policies of the main parties, influences voters’ vote choice. Before the launching of democratic reforms in 1986, individuals of a higher socioeconomic status tend to embrace democratic values but fail to translate into concrete electoral support for the opposition camp due to the concerns about the potential shocks to the stability of the political economic system. It is only after the onset of democratic reforms that this group begins to reveal their support for the opposition camp. In contrast, the relationship between occupations and vote choices was largely stable in the decade of the 1980s. Both petty bourgeois and blue-collar labor were consistently in favor of the opposition party. With the democratic reforms come to an end and the convergence of the two main parties’ policies, the significant relationship between socioeconomic status and voting choice vanished in the 1992 and 1995 elections."

"ABSTRACTIn recent years, Western scholars who study the experience of the transition of young democratic countries have found that the traditional clientelism has not disappeared during the process of democratization, but rather it has changed form or even consolidated in some young democratic countries. The independence of the bureaucracies, the way political parties and the state system integrating special interests, and the party election strategy or competition among parties all may affect the articulation of the special interest within clientelism. This article examines the incumbent experience of several heads of the DPP in more than 20-year reign of the Tainan city (county) through the public resources to draw on supporters and attract voters, and then to infer the development patterns and potential problems of Taiwan's grassroots democratic transition. Roughly speaking, Tainan city (county) has different DPP heads in reign for more than 20 years, and they had gradually developed more delicate clientelistic linkages with supporters and grassroots voters, from Tainan County magistrate Chen Tangshan starting to coopt Kuomintang traditional factions through the ruling resources and then building clientelist relationship, later on different heads of counties and cities absorbing political support through the ruling resources, but also through a number of clientelist policies to stabilize the linkage with the voters, so that the DPP electorate in Tainan city (county) is becoming more and more stable. This paper examines the experiences of Taiwan's local clientelist transformation through a case study, and makes some generalizations about the possible problems occurred within the process."

"Kepengurusan PB HMI periode 1997-1999 merupakan periode dimana Indonesia mengalami transisi demokrasi. Oleh karena itu penelitian difokuskan pada bagaimana kepemimpinan transformasional Ketua Umum PB HMI periode 1997-1999 dalam menghadapi transisi demokrasi era reformasi 1998. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional yang dilakukan Ketua Umum PB HMI Periode 1997-1999 dalam menghadapi transisi demokrasi.Secara umum penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dari empat aspek gaya kepemimpinan transformasional idealized influence, idividual concideration, inspirational motivation, dan intelectual stimulation yang diterapkan, Ketua Umum PB HMI lebih mengedepankan aspek intlectual stimulation dalam kepemipinannya. Aspek ini yang berimplikasi pada pola gerakan dari PB HMI dalam merespon transisi demokrasi di Indonesia.

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The management of PB HMI in the period 1997-1999 was the period in which Indonesia experienced a democratic transition. Therefore the research is focused on how transformational leadership of the PB HMI chairman 1997-1999 in the face of the 1998 reform era democratic transition. This study aims to analyze the application of transformational leadership style carried out by PB HMI general chairman from 1997-1999 in the face of democratic transition. In general, this study used a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of this study found that from the four aspects of transformational leadership style idealized influence, idividual concideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation applied, the General Chairperson of the PB HMI prioritized aspects of intellectual stimulation in his leadership. This aspect has implications for the pattern of movement of PB HMI in responding to the democratic transition in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai fenomena regionalisme dalam Pemilu Presiden di Korea Selatan. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana pembelahan sosial dalam masyarakat Korea Selatan berperan dalam terbentuknya fenomena regionalisme di masa transisi demokrasi dalam Pemilihan Presiden tahun 1987. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan menggunakan teori pembelahan sosial dan konsep regionalisme. Hasil penelitian ini adalah fenomena regionalisme yang terbentuk pada masa transisi demokrasi merupakan pembelahansosial yang terjadi akibat kebijakan rezim otoriter bagi wilayah di Korea Selatan. Selain itu fenomena regionalisme dalam Pemilu Presiden tahun 1987 juga didorong mobilisasi dukungan oleh kandidat dari wilayah asal masing-masing. Mobilisasi dukungan wilayah asal dan pencalonan Kim Young-sam (Reunification Democratic Party) dan Kim Dae-jung (Party for Peace and Democracy) membuat dukungan kepada oposisi terbagi sehingga kandidat partai pemerintah Roh Tae-woo (Democratic Justice Party) berhasil memenangkan Pemilu Presiden.

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ABSTRACTThis research explains about regionalism phenomenon in South Korea, especially in the presidential election. The problem discussed in this research is how the impact of social cleavage in South Korean society toward the formation of regionalism’s phenomenon in the transition to democracy in the 1987 Presidential Election. This research used qualitative methods and it applies social cleavage theory and regionalism concept. The result of this research finds that regionalism phenomenon formed in the Presidential Election on democratic transition period was the social cleavage which occured due to the policy of authoritarian regime toward regions in South Korea. In addition, regionalism phenomenon in the 1987 presidential election was also caused by the competition among the candidates in mobilizing the voters from their respective regions. The mobilization of regional support and the candidacy between Kim Young-sam (Reunification Democratic Party) and Kim Dae-jung (Party for Peace and Democracy) cause the support for the opposition was divided and the ruling party candidate Roh Tae-woo (Democratic Justice Party) won the presidential election.;"