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"This study aims at empirically examining the extent to which Image Theory, initially developed as a theoretical basis for selecting a strategy or a decision, can be a theoretical basis for predicting a decision performance in two opposite frames: positive and negative. Image compatibility are employed to operationalize such a theory and the decision under study is progress decision represented by escalation of commitment. Thus, this study also empirically examines the connection between image compatibility and escalation of commitment as well as escalation of commitment as a mediator of the relationship between image compatibility and decision performance. The research context is Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that suffered from crisis in the past year (negative frame) yet has been recovered recently (positive frame). The respondents are 229 individual investors in IDX. They are involved in day-to-day decision making (progress decision making) with regard to their investment portofolio. The results of this study show that high image compatibility tends to lead to better decision performance in both frames. However, image compatibility may only positively affect the escalation of commitment in positive frame."

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses peredaan ketegangan yang terjadi di Semenanjung Korea antara Korea Utara dengan Korea Selatan dalam kurun waktu 2000-2002. Proses peredaan ketegangan terjadi diwarnai oleh berbagai macam aktifitas kedua negara, baik yang bersifat resistensi maupun diplomatis. Kedua negara dapat dikatakan memiliki niat untuk melakukan rekonsiliasi dan berupaya menciptakan reunifikasi diantara keduanya. Terbukti dengan kemauan dua negara yang telah lama bertikai tersebut untuk memikirkan masa depan mereka melalui berbagai macam pertemuan. Dengan menempatkan pola dariperspektif konstruktivis, penelitian ini berhasil memunculkan agen, struktur, identity, interest dan behavior sebagai bagian-bagian penting dalam penerapan konstruktivis pada studi kasus konflik antara dua negara saudara yang bertikai dan terpisah oleh tirai ideologi. Pada penelitian ini juga digunakan metode case study dengan melihat konflik Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan di Semenanjung Koreasebagai obyek penelitian. Selain itu, penggunaan Historical Perspective-Research juga digunakan untuk membantu melakukan analisa dan kritik serta menyatukan urutan kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi di Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this thesis is to find out the de-escalation of tension process that occured between North and South Korea in the Korean Peninsula during the period of 2000-2002. The process was marked by a variety of activities from the two countries, including resistance and diplomacy. The two countries can be said to have intention to do the reconcil and towards reunification. This is shown by the two conflicting countries willingness to consider their future through various meetings. By placing the pattern of constructivist perspective, this research successfully brought agency, structure,identity, interest and behaviour as an important parts in the implementation of constructivism on the case study of two sibling states locked in conflict and separated by ideological curtains. This research used case study methods which oversew the phenomena, situation and condition in the Korean Peninsula. This thesis also used a Historical Perspective-Research method to give some analizedthe historical background and the chronology of events in both countries."

"ABSTRAKThe aim of this research is to investigate the effect of reward and punishment in escalation of commitment. The escalation of commitment is usually attributed to the decision maker if the project is unfavorable. This research also investigates the effect of organizational commitment to the decision to escalate or not to escalate the commitment. Experimental method is used in this research. There are 37 participants contribute to this research. The result of this research shows that the escalation of commitment level is higher if there is reward and punishment provided in the organization than if only reward provided. In other hand this level is higher if only punishment provided than if reward and punishment provided. It is mean that decision makers will avoid punishment, so they escalate their commitment. As predicted before organization commitment also effect escalation of commitment. The result shows that organizational commitment will decrease the level of escalation of commitment."