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"This book features selected papers presented at Third International Conference on Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Communication Systems (NCCS 2017). Covering topics such as MEMS and nanoelectronics, wireless communications, optical communication, instrumentation, signal processing, Internet of Things, image processing, bioengineering, green energy, hybrid vehicles, environmental science, weather forecasting, cloud computing, renewable energy, RFID, CMOS sensors, actuators, transducers, telemetry systems, embedded systems, and sensor network applications in mines, it is a valuable resource for young scholars, researchers, and academics."

"This book gathers selected papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering, held at Guru Nanak Institutions in Hyderabad, India. It highlights contributions by researchers, technocrats and experts regarding the latest technologies in electronic and communication engineering, and addresses various aspects of communication engineering, including signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general. Covering cutting-edge technologies, the book offers a valuable resource, especially for young researchers. "

"User Plane Function (UPF) adalah salah satu komponen utama dalam jaringan inti 5G. Komponen ini berfungsi untuk menangani data plane processing, seperti packet routing, forwarding, quality of service (QoS), dan mengirimkan data pengguna antara control plane dan user plane. UPF merupakan Network Function (NF) yang memiliki beban kerja paling berat dalam jaringan 5G karena harus menangani data pengguna dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak setiap detiknya. Oleh karena itu, improvisasi dari UPF sangatlah penting untuk meningkatkan jumlah data yang dapat ditangani oleh UPF. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkannya adalah dengan Kubernetes. Kubernetes adalah open-source platform untuk mengelola aplikasi dan layanan dalam container. Dengan menggunakan kubernetes, jaringan 5G dapat menerapkan strategi Multi UPF, yaitu penggunaan lebih dari satu UPF dalam satu machine yang sama. Pada skripsi ini, strategi penerapan tersebut akan dibandingkan dengan penggunaan UPF secara konvensional untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatkan jumlah data pengguna yang tertangani. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bawha pada User Datagram Protocol (UDP) traffic, penggunaan Kubernetes untuk menerapkan Multi UPF dapat meningkatkan throughput hingga 7.37%, serta mencapai response time yang lebih rendah, meskipun menggunakan resource yang lebih besar, yaitu peningkatan CPU utilization hingga 44.91% dan peningkatan memory utilization hingga 14%. Sebaliknya, pada Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic, hasil yang didapatkan adalah throughput dan response time yang hampir sama antara kedua metode, meskipun resouce utilization juga lebih besar. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya mekanisme reliability pada TCP yang membuat adanya bottleneck pada kernel saat pemrosesan paket.

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User Plane Function (UPF) is one of the key component in the 5G core network. This component responsible for data plane processing, such as packet routing, forwarding, quality of service (QoS), and transmitting user data between the control plane and user plane. UPF is a Network Function (NF) with the heaviest workload in the 5G network as it has to handle a significant amount of user data every second. Therefore, improving UPF performance is crucial to enhance the amount of data that can be handled by UPF. One way to improve UPF performance is by using Kubernetes. Kubernetes is an open-source platform for managing applications and services in containers. By utilizing Kubernetes, the 5G network can implement Multi UPF strategy, which involves using more than one UPF within the same machine. In this thesis, this implementation strategy will be compared with the conventional use of UPF to determine the extent of the increase in the amount of user data that can be handled. The experimental results show that for User Datagram Protocol (UDP) traffic, using Kubernetes to implement Multi-UPF can increase throughput by up to 7.37% and achieve lower response time, although it uses more resources, specifically an increase in CPU utilization by up to 44.91% and an increase in memory utilization by up to 14%. Conversely, for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic, the results show that the throughput and response time are almost the same between the two methods, even though resource utilization is also higher. This is due to the reliability mechanism in TCP that causes a bottleneck in the kernel during packet processing."

"This book is unique in presenting channels, techniques and standards for the next generation of MIMO wireless networks. Through a unified framework, it emphasizes how propagation mechanisms impact the system performance under realistic power constraints. Combining a solid mathematical analysis with a physical and intuitive approach to space-time signal processing, the book progressively derives innovative designs for space-time coding and precoding as well as multi-user and multi-cell techniques, taking into consideration that MIMO channels are often far from ideal.Reflecting developments since the first edition was published, this book has been thoroughly revised, and now includes new sections and five new chapters, respectively dealing with receiver design, multi-user MIMO, multi-cell MIMO, MIMO implementation in standards, and MIMO system-level evaluation."