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"Summary:An exploration of the ways in which children learned and were taught to read, against the background of the transition from Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic. This study gives us a fresh perspective on the transition from empire to republic by showing us the ways that reading was central to the construction of modernity."

"Article described the code sound reading system applied in I Can Read(ICR) Greenville language center. The research was done qualitatively through the observation of teaching and learning process in three different classes of ICR I level at the center. A pre-test and post-test for reading were taken from Book 2 of ICR 1. Participants were three classes with three different teachers having different working experiences. The results of the research were: (l) the use of code sounds in reading was useful to improve students' reading skill which was shown by the increasing of correctly pronounced code sounds, (2) the students' reading skill and reading comprehension had improved, regardless the teachers' teaching style. In conclusion, a code sound reading system is successful in helping students to improve their reading skill and reading comprehension regardless the teachers teaching style."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berfokus kepada peningkatan pemahaman membaca pelajar SMP dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif. Selain itu, penelitian ingin mengetahui sikap mereka terhadap pembelajaran kolaboratif. Menurut Barkley, Cross, Major 2005 , metode pembelajaran kolaboratif mampu meningkatkan pemahaman membaca pelajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sebuah lembaga kursus bahasa Inggris di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua kelas, kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pelajar di kelas eksperimen berjumlah 15 orang dan pelajar yang belajar di kelas control berjumlah 12 orang. Peneliti merupakan pengajar di kedua kelas tersebut. Kedua kelas diberi tes awal dan tes akhir yang menguji pemahaman membaca mereka. Kelas eksperimen diajar dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif selama satu bulan. Pelajar di kelas eksperimen juga mencatat kegiatan mereka dalam lembar evaluasi diri dan lembar evaluasi teman sejawat. Di kelas kontrol, kegiatan belajar berjalan seperti biasa dengan materi pelajaran yang disamakan dengan materi yang digunakan di kelas eksperimen. Setelah perlakuan selesai, kelas eksperimen dan kontrol diberikan tes akhir. Di kelas eksperimen, peneliti juga membagikan kuesioner untuk mengukur sikap mereka terhadap metode pembelajaran kolaboratif. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa metode pembelajaran kolaboratif cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman membaca pelajar SMP. Selain itu, sikap pelajar, yang secara keseluruhan bersikap positif, berkolerasi terhadap keberhasilan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif.

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ABSTRACTThis research focuses on improving the reading comprehension of junior high school students by using collaborative learning method. In addition, this study also aims to observe their attitudes toward collaborative learning. The research was conducted at an English language institution in Jakarta. This research applied an experimental research approach with 15 students in the experimental class and 12 students in the control class. The researcher was the teacher in both classes. Both classes were given the pre test and post test to assess their reading comprehension. The experimental class was taught using the collaborative learning method for one month. Students in the experimental class also recorded their activities. Meanwhile in the control class, the learning activities applied the regular learning approach. After the program was completed, the experimental and control classes were given a post test. In the experimental class, the researcher also distributed a questionnaire to assess students rsquo attitudes towards the collaborative learning method. The results of this study have revealed that the collaborative learning method is quite effective in improving the reading comprehension of junior high school students. In addition, the attitudes of junior high schools were mostly positive and have contributed to the success of implementing the collaborative learning method. "