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"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kematian pada Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) terutama akibat tindakan revaskularisasi yang tertunda atau lesi koroner kompleks yang biasanyalebih buruk pada populasi pasien PGK. Skor Modified ACEF merupakan sebuahperangkat yang memiliki peran penting dalam prognosis mortalitas PJK. SkormACEF belum pernah digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kompleksitas lesi koroner.Informasi tersebut berguna dalam menentukan prioritas tindakan angiografikoroner. Tujuan: Mendapatkan nilai diagnostik dan titik potong skor mACEF sebagaiprediktor kompleksitas lesi koroner pada pasien PGK stadium 3 dan 4 yangmengalami sindrom koroner akut (SKA). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik secara retrospektif terhadap 179subjek PGK stadium 3 dan 4 yang mengalami SKA yang dirawat di ICCU RSCMtahun 2012 hingga 2014. Analisis titik potong skor mACEF dilakukan denganmenggunakan Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves dengan intervalkepercayaan (IK) sebesar 95%. Akurasi diagnostik skor mACEF dinilai dengancara menghitung sensitivitas, spesifisitas, RKP, dan RKN. Hasil: Titik potong skor mACEF yang optimal adalah 2,288 dengan sensitivitas90,9%, spesifisitas 63,7%, RKP 2,5, RKN 0,14 dan prevalens 55,3%. Kesimpulan: Titik potong yang optimal skor mACEF pada populasi pasien PGKstadium 3 dan 4 yang mengalami SKA adalah 2,288. Akurasi diagnostik skor mACEF dinilai baik.ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively.;Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively.;Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively.;Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan : Persiapan pada calon pasien yang akan menjadi pendonor ginjal memerlukan penilaian fungsi dan anatomi organ ginjal. Korelasi antara fungsi dan anatomi ginjal dapat membantu untuk prediksi fungsi dan anatomi ginjal, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan penilaian rerata volume parenkim ginjal dan pada stadium CKD 1, 2 dan 3 serta korelasi antara volume parenkim ginjal dengan rerata estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus pada stadium CKD 1, 2 dan 3. Metode : Penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus yang dihitung dengan rumus MDRD. Subyek penelitian yang sesuai dengan kriteria dihitung volume parenkim ginjalnya menggunakan CT scan. Teknik pengukuran menggunakan cara disc summation. Korelasi dengan tes pearson digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus dengan volume parenkim ginjal. Hasil : Kelompok CKD stage 1 didapatkan volume rerata parenkim ginjal kanan 132,04 cc, ginjal kiri 134,71 cc dan ginjal total 266,75 cc. Kelompok CKD stage 2 didapatkan rerata parenkim ginjal kiri 112,83 cc, ginjal kanan 110,44 cc dan ginjal total 223,28 cc. Kelompok CKD stage 3 rerata parenkim ginjal kiri 100,21 cc, ginjal kanan 101,4 cc dan ginjal total 201,61 cc. Tes pearson memperlihatkan korelasi yang signifikan (p < 0,001) dan kekuatan sedang (r = 0,554) dengan persamaan: y = 0,326x + 16,13. Kesimpulan : Korelasi antara nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus pada CKD stage 1, 2 dan 3 menunjukan signifikansi kuat dan korelasi sedang dengan persamaan: y = 0,32x + 16,13. Persamaan yang didapat berguna untuk estimasi nilai laju filtrasi glomerulus maupun estimasi volume parenkim ginjal total apabila nilai salah satunya diketahui.

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Background and objective : Preparation to a kidney donor will need assessment of the kidney's function and anatomy. The correlation between the function and anatomy can help to predict the function and anatomy. That is why the measurement of kidney’s volume is needed (in average and in CKD stage 1, 2, and 3) and the correlation between kidneys parenchyme volume and the average estimated glomerulus filtration rate during CKD stage 1,2, and 3.

Method : Cross sectional research using secondary data of estimated glomerulus filtration rate, calculated by MDRD formula. Kidneys parenchyme volume of the subjects were measured using CT scan. Disc summation technique was applied for the measurement. Correlation with Pearson test was made to assesst the correlation between estimated glomerulus filtration rate and kidneys parenchyme volume.

Result : Group of CKD stage 1 had an average kidneys parenchyme volume 134,71 cc (left), 132,04 cc (right), and 266,75 cc (total). Group of CKD stage 2 had an average kidneys’ parenchyme volume 112,83 cc (left), 110,44 cc (right), and 223,28 cc (total). Group of CKD stage 3 had an average kidney's parenchyme volume 100,21 cc (left), 101,4 cc (right), 201,61 cc (total). Pearson test shows a significant correlation (p < 0,001) and moderate strength (r = 0,554) with the equation y = 0,326x + 16,13.

Conclusion : Correlation between estimated glomerulus filtration rate in CKD stage 1, 2, and 3 showed strong significancy and moderate correlation with the equation y = 0,326x + 16,13. This equation can be useful to estimate glomerulus filtration rate and total kidneys’ parenchyme volume if one of the number is known."

"Sejak pertama kali ditemukannya fenomena pengurangan hambatan gesek oleh B.A Toms tahun 1948 yang terjadi pada larutan polimer, banyak studi yang dilakukan oleh para peneliti untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dalam penggunaan energi. Pengurangan hambatan atau Drag Reduction (DR) biasa terjadi pada aliran turbulen dan aliran transisi.Efek Drag Reduction dengan penambahan aditif berupa polymer dapat menimbulkan peredaman turbulensi yang disebabkan oleh karakteristik dan gerakan fluida itu sendiri. Kerugian tekanan dalam pipa segi empat diukur dengan variasi konsentrai guar gum dalam air untuk mengetahui efek bertambahnya drag reduction sebagai tujuan dari penelitian ini.Pengukuran tekanan dilakukan dalam pipa segi empat berukuran 3 x 3 mm dan 4 x 4 mm pada bilangan Reynolds 500 - 50000 dengan konsentrasi guar gum 250 dan 500 ppm. Diketahui bahwa larutan guar gum mengurangi faktor gesekan pada aliran turbulen.

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Since drag reduction phenomenon in polymer additives was found by Toms, B.A., in 1948, much of the work increasing efficiently to economizing energy by investigators. The drag reduction occurs in turbulent flow and transition.The drag reduction effect in polymer additives due to wall turbulens caused by the characterstic of moving the fluid owners. The pressure loss in rectangular duct was measured for various concentration of guar gum in water to study the effect of the additives on drag reduction as the objective of this paper.The pressure measurement were carried out in rectangular ducts are of approximately 3 x 3 mm and 4 x 4 mm within a range of Re from about 500 to 50000 to various concentration of guar gum in water 250 and 500 ppm. It is found that guar gum reduced the friction factor in turbulent flow."

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