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"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keragaman spesies khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah madu Apis cerana di apiari Desa Ciburial, Bandung. Sebanyak 48 isolat khamir dari saluran pencernaan Pollen-collecting bee (PCB) (27 isolat) dan Nectarcollecting bee (NCB) (21 isolat) diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA dan dikarakterisasi secara morfologi untuk melengkapi hasil identifikasi. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa 48 isolat khamir tersebut terdiri atas delapan genus dan 16 spesies. Sebanyak 12 spesies khamir ditemukan pada PCB dan sembilan spesies khamir ditemukan pada NCB. Candida cf. apicola, C. etchellsii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa dan Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ditemukan pada PCB maupun NCB. Spesies-spesies khamir yang diperoleh secara taksonomi heterogen, yaitu termasuk ke dalam class Hemiascomycetes dari phylum Ascomycota (13 spesies) dan class Urediniomycetes dari phylum Basidiomycota (3 spesies).

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The aim of this study was to study the diversity of yeast species isolated from the digestive tract of honey bee Apis cerana in apiary in Ciburial, Bandung. A total of 48 yeast isolates from the digestive tract of pollen-collecting bees (27 isolates) and Nectar-collecting bee (21 isolates) were identified based on sequence data of internal transcribed spacers regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). In addition of their sequence data, yeasts were also characterized morphologically. The results showed that those yeasts comprised of eight genera and 16 species. Twelve yeast species were found from PCB and nine yeast species were found from NCB. Candida cf. apicola, C. cf. azyma, C. etchellsii, C. naeodendra, C. orthopsilosis, Cryptococcus heveanensis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii were found both in PCB and NCB. Our molecular analysis showed that A. cerana harbors taxonomically diverse yeasts. They consisted of species belong to the class Hemiascomycetes of the phylum Ascomycota (13 species) and class Urediniomycetes of the phylum Basidiomycota (3 species)."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keanekaragaman khamir daribunga Jatropha integerrima Jacq. di kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok.Khamir diisolasi dari 30 bunga (15 bunga jantan dan 15 bunga betina). Hasilelektroforesis menunjukkan terdapat polimorfisme panjang (300--700 pb) daerahITS rDNA 26 isolat khamir representatif yang mengindikasikan adanyakeragaman genetik di antara isolat tersebut. Berdasarkan data sequence, 26 isolatkhamir representatif tersebut secara taksonomi beragam, yaitu terdiri dari 13species yang berasal dari phylum Ascomycota (class Hemiascomycetes(Candida)) dan dari phylum Basidiomycota (class Urediniomycetes(Sporidiobolus), Ustilaginomycetes (Pseudozyma & Ustilago), danHymenomycetes (Bullera & Cryptococcus))."

"Pada penelitian sebelumnya, diperoleh 18 strain Candida spp. dari Apis cerana dan bunga-bunga yang dikunjunginya di Ciburial, Jawa Barat. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah ITS rDNA menggunakan primer reverse ITS4, menunjukkan bahwa 18 strain tersebut memiliki homologi rendah (85--98%) terhadap spesies terdekatnya Candida spp. Dengan demikian belum diperoleh identitas yang akurat dari 18 strain Candida spp. tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh identitas yang akurat dari 18 strain tersebut melalui identifikasi molekuler, analisis filogenetik, dan pengamatan karakter fenotipik (morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia). Identifikasi dilakukan melalui sequencing pada daerah ITS rDNA dan D1/D2 LSU rDNA. Analisis filogenetik dilakukan berdasarkan data sequence daerah ITS rDNA dan D1/D2 LSU rDNA, menggunakan metode neighbor-joining. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi molekuler, analisis filogenetik, dan pengamatan karakter fenotipik, 10 strain diidentifikasi ke dalam 5 spesies, yaitu C. parapsilosis (Candida sp. CR033, CR034, dan CR038), C. orthopsilosis (Candida sp. CR015 dan CR151), C. metapsilosis (Candida sp. CR047 dan CR053), Debaryomyces hansenii (Candida sp. CR065), dan Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Candida sp. CR070 dan CR105). Sebanyak 8 strain (Candida sp. CR004, CR007, CR013, CR014, CR018, CR023, CR027, dan CR035) belum dapat ditentukan nama penunjuk (epithet) spesiesnya. Berdasarkan sequence ITS rDNA 8 strain tersebut memiliki homologi yang rendah (97%) terhadap kerabat terdekatnya C. hawaiiana. Pohon filogenetik berdasarkan sequence ITS rDNA menunjukkan 8 strain tersebut berada pada clade yang terpisah dengan C. hawaiiana dengan dukungan nilai bootstrap yang sangat tinggi, 99%. Delapan strain Candida tersebut termasuk dalam satu spesies yang memiliki perbedaan sequence ≤1% antara satu strain Candida dengan strain Candida lainnya atau disebut conspecific. Karakter fisiologi dan biokimia menunjukkan 8 strain tersebut memiliki perbedaan dengan C. hawaiiana CBS 9146T pada kemampuannya mengasimilasi sumber karbon α- methyl -D-glucoside, dan ketidakmampuannya mengasimilasi ribosa. Hasil identifikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 8 strain Candida tersebut merupakan spesies yang berbeda dengan C. hawaiiana.

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In the previous study, 18 strains of Candida spp. were obtained from Apis cerana and their visiting flowers in Ciburial, West Java. Based on sequence data of ITS rDNA using ITS4 reverse primer, these strains showed low homology (85--98%) to their closest relatives Candida spp. Therefore, the identity of these 18 strains were not established yet.

The purpose of this study was to establish the identities of the 18 strains of Candida spp. by conducting molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic characterization (morphological, physiological, and biochemical characters). Identification and phylogenetic analysis was carried out by sequencing the ITS rDNA and D1/D2 of LSU rDNA. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor-joining method.

Based on molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic characterization, 10 strains were identified into 5 species. Those 10 strains were identified as C. parapsilosis (Candida sp. CR033, CR034, and CR038), C. orthopsilosis (Candida sp. CR015 and CR151), C. metapsilosis (Candida sp. CR047 and CR053), Debaryomyces hansenii (Candida sp. CR065), and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Candida sp. CR070 and CR105). The identities of eight strains (Candida sp. CR004, CR007, CR013, CR014, CR018, CR023, CR027, and CR035) were not established yet. Based on sequence data of ITS rDNA they have low degree of homology (97%) to their closest related species, C. hawaiiana.

Phylogenetic tree based on sequence data of ITS rDNA showed they were separated from C. hawaiiana by 99% bootstrap value. Multiple alignment of their sequences of ITS and D1/D2 showed that they have ≤1% differences, which indicate that these strains are conspecific (same species). Their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that these strains differed from C. hawaiiana CBS 9146T by their ability to assimilate α-methyl-D-glucoside and their inability to assimilate ribose as carbon sources. Our data suggest that these strains were distinct species from C. hawaiiana."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui identitas khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah madu Apis mellifera L. yang mengunjungi bunga kapuk (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) di Jepara. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir yang terdiri atas 3 isolat dari saluran pencernaan lebah pejantan (drone) dan 9 isolat dari lebah pekerja pengumpul polen (pollen collecting bees, PCB) diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. Primer yang digunakan untuk amplifikasi daerah ITS adalah primer forward ITS1 atau primer reverse ITS4. Hasil elektroforesis produk PCR menunjukkan daerah ITS rDNA khamirkhamir tersebut bervariasi antara 400 pb hingga 750 pb. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian homologi sequence daerah ITS rDNA melalui program basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), analisis filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor Joining, dan pengamatan karakter morfologi, 12 isolat tersebut diidentifikasi ke dalam empat genus dan tujuh spesies. Berdasarkan taksonomi, khamir-khamir tersebut termasuk kedalam family Candidaceae dan Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes dari phylum Ascomycota. Isolat-isolat tersebut diidentifikasi ke dalam spesies Candida magnoliae (isolat JZ078), C. orthopsilosis (isolat JZ068 dan JZ069), C. parapsilosis (isolat JZ067 dan JZ095), Debaryomyces hansenii (isolat JZ083 dan JZ096), Meyerozyma caribbica (isolat JZ094), Zygosaccharomyces mellis (isolat JZ075), dan Z. siamensis (isolat JZ054,JZ055, dan JZ056).

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The aim of this research was to determine the identity of the yeasts isolated from the digestive tract of honey bee Apis mellifera that visit flowers of kapok (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) in Jepara. A total of 12 yeast isolates consist of 3 isolates from digestive tract of drones and 9 isolates from digestive tract of pollen collecting bees (PCB) were identified based on sequence data of internal transcribed spacers regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify the ITS rDNA of yeasts. The results of electrophoresis of PCR products showed ITS region rDNA of yeast isolates varied between 400bp--750 bp. Based on sequence homology search results by basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) program, phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and morphological characterization, those 12 isolates were identified into four genera and seven species. Taxonomically, 11 isolates belong to family Candidaceae and Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes of the phylum Ascomycota. Those isolates were identified as species Candida magnoliae (isolat JZ078), C. orthopsilosis (isolat JZ068 and JZ069), C. parapsilosis (isolat JZ067 and JZ095), Debaryomyces hansenii (isolat JZ083 and JZ096), Meyerozyma caribbica (isolat JZ094), Zygosaccharomyces mellis (isolat JZ075), and Z. siamensis (isolat JZ054, JZ055, and JZ056)."

"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui identitas khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah pekerja pengumpul polen (pollen collecting bees, PCB) Apis mellifera. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir dari saluran pencernaan PCB yang mengunjungi bunga kapuk Ceiba pentandra di Jepara, Jawa Tengah, diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. Amplifikasi daerah ITS rDNA menggunakan primer forward ITS1 dan primer reverse ITS4. Elektroforesis produk PCR menunjukkan bahwa daerah ITS rDNA khamir-khamir tersebut berukuran antara 400--900 pb. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian homologi sequence menggunakan program basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), analisis filogenetik menggunakan metode Neighbor Joining (NJ), dan karakterisasi morfologi, 12 isolat khamir tersebut terdiri dari tujuh spesies yang termasuk dalam lima genus. Secara taksonomi, seluruh khamir tersebut termasuk phylum Ascomycota, class Hemiascomycetes, dan order Saccharomycetales. Isolat-isolat tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Candida magnoliae (isolat JZ002), Candida orthopsilosis (isolat JZ003, JZ008, JZ011, dan JZ034), Candida rugosa (isolat JZ010); Debaryomyces hansenii (isolat JZ001); Meyerozyma caribbica (isolat JZ013 dan JZ014), Pichia guilliermondii (isolat JZ015), dan Zygosaccharomyces siamensis (isolat JZ005 dan JZ006).

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The aim of this study was to obtain the identity of yeasts from digestive tracts of pollen collecting bees (PCB) Apis mellifera. A total of 12 yeast isolates obtained from digestive tract of PCB foraging on flowers Ceiba pentandra in Jepara, Central Java, were identified based on sequence data of internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify the ITS region rDNA. Gel electrophoresis result showed that the size of ITS rDNA of those yeast were varied between 400--900 base pairs. Based on sequence homology search using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) program, phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and morphological characterization, those 12 isolates belong to five genera and seven species. Taxonomically, all of those isolates belong to order Saccharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes from the phylum Ascomycota. Those 12 isolates were identified as species Candida magnoliae (isolate JZ002); Candida orthopsilosis (isolates JZ003, JZ008, JZ011, and JZ034); Candida rugosa (isolate JZ010); Debaryomyces hansenii (isolate JZ001); Meyerozyma caribbica (isolates JZ013 and JZ014); Pichia guilliermondii (isolate JZ015); and Zygosaccharomyces siamensis (isolates JZ005 and JZ006)."

"Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui identitas khamir dari saluran pencernaan lebah pekerja pengumpul nektar (nectar collecting bee, NCB) Apis mellifera yang mengunjungi bunga kapuk (Ceiba pentandra) di Jepara. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir diidentifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) rDNA. Primer forward ITS1 dan primer reverse ITS4 digunakan untuk amplifikasi daerah ITS rDNA. Hasil elektroforesis produk PCR menunjukkan ukuran daerah ITS rDNA isolat khamir-khamir tersebut bervariasi antara 400 pb hingga 800 pb. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian homologi sequence daerah ITS rDNA m2elalui program Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), analisis filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor Joining, dan pengamatan karakter morfologi, 12 isolat khamir tersebut diidentifikasi ke dalam empat genus dan lima spesies. Berdasarkan taksonomi, 11 isolat khamir termasuk ke dalam anggota order Sacharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes dari phylum Ascomycota dan satu isolat termasuk ke dalam anggota order Ustilaginales, class Ustilaginomycetes dari phylum Basidiomycota. Isolat-isolat tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Candida parapsilosis (JZ102, JZ105, JZ116, dan JZ121), Candida rugosa (JZ117, JZ121), Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ100, JZ113, JZ118), Meyerozyma caribbica (JZ124, JZ125), dan Pseudozyma sp. (JZ104).

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The aim of this study was to identify the yeast isolates from the digestive tracts of nectar collecting bees (NCB) of Apis mellifera. A total of 12 yeast isolates from the digestive tracts of NCB foraging on flowers of Ceiba pentandra in Jepara, Central Java, were identified based on sequence data of Internal Transcribed Spacers Regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA). The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify the ITS rDNA of the isolates. Gel electrophoresis results showed that the size of ITS region rDNA of the isolates were varied on the range of 400 bp -- 800 bp. Based on sequence homology search results by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program, phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and morphological characterization, those 12 isolates were identified into four genera and five species. Taxonomically, 11 isolates belong to order Sacharomycetales, class Hemiascomycetes from the phylum Ascomycota and 1 isolate belongs to order Ustilaginales, class Ustilaginomycetes from the phylum Basidiomycota. Those isolates were identified as Candida parapsilosis (JZ102, JZ105, JZ116, and JZ121), Candida rugosa (JZ117, JZ121), Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ100, JZ113, JZ118), Meyerozyma caribbica (JZ124, JZ125), and Pseudozyma sp. (JZ104). "

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui identitas khamir yang hidup pada putik bunga Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn dan saluran pencernaan Apis mellifera L., lebah pengumpul polen yang mengunjungi bunga Ceiba pentandra. Sebanyak 12 isolat khamir yang terdiri dari tiga isolat dari putik bunga Ceiba pentandra dan sembilan isolat dari saluran pencernaan Apis mellifera digunakan pada penelitian. Isolat-isolat khamir diidentifikasi berdasarkan hasil Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST) data sequence daerah ITS rDNA, analisis filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor Joining, dan pengamatan alat reproduksi seksual dan aseksual. Primer forward ITS1 dan primer reverse ITS4 digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi daerah ITS rDNA. Hasil elektroforesis gel produk PCR menunjukkan ukuran daerah ITS rDNA isolat khamir tersebut bervariasi antara 400 hingga 800 pb. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 12 isolat khamir terdiri dari enam species. Lima species khamir termasuk ke dalam phylum Ascomycota, order Saccharomycetales, class Saccharomycetes dan satu species khamir termasuk ke dalam phylum Basidiomycota, order Tremellales,dan class Tremellomycetes. Tiga isolat khamir dari putik bunga C. pentandra diidentifikasi sebagai Bullera coprosmaensis (JZ137), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ053), dan Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ051). Sembilan isolat khamir dari saluran pencernaan A. mellifera diidentifikasi sebagai Candida fermentatii (JZ059 dan JZ060), Candida mesorugosa (JZ057, JZ058, dan JZ063), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ064 dan JZ065), Candida parapsilosis (JZ066), dan Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ061). Dua species khamir yaitu Candida orthopsilosis dan Debaryomces hansenii ditemukan pada putik C. pentandra dan saluran pencernaan A. mellifera.

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The aim of this study was to identify yeasts from the pistils of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn and digestive tracts of pollen collecting bee, Apis mellifera L. Twelve yeast isolates were identified which were consisted of three isolates from the pistils of C. pentandra and nine isolates from digestive tracts of A. mellifera. Identification was based on homology sequences analysis using Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST), phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining method, and observation of sexual and asexual reproduction. The primer set of ITS1 (forward primer) and ITS4 (reverse primer) were used to amplify ITS region rDNA of the isolates. Gel electrophoresis results showed that the size of ITS region of the isolates were varied on the range of 400--800 bp.

The results showed that twelve yeast isolates were identified as six species. Taxonomically, five species belong to phylum Ascomycota, order Saccharomycetales, class Saccharomycetes and one species belong to phylum Basidiomycota order Tremellales, class Tremellomycetes. Three yeast isolates from the pistils of C. pentandra were identified as Bullera coprosmaensis (JZ137), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ053), and Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ051). Nine yeast isolates from digestive tracts of pollen collecting A. mellifera were identified as Candida fermentatii (JZ059 & JZ060), Candida mesorugosa (JZ057, JZ058, dan JZ063), Candida orthopsilosis (JZ064 & JZ065), Candida parapsilosis (JZ066), and Debaryomyces hansenii (JZ061). Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida orthopsilosis were found on the pistils of C. pentandra and digestive tracts of A. mellifera."

"ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian jenis-jenis cacing endoparasit pada saluran pencernaan Bufo melanostictus Schneider dan Bufo biporcatus Gravenhorst yang tertangkap di 3 lokasi dalam wilayah kampus UI Depok, yaitu kampus FMIPA-UI, danau Rektorat dan persawahan di belakang kampus FE-UI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 50ekor bangkong yang tertangkai, 45 ekor di antaranya adalah Bufo melanostictus (terinfeksi 44 ekor) dan 5 ekor lainnya adalah Bufo biporcatus (terinfeksi 4 ekor). Sedangkan cacing endoparasit yang diperoleh terdiri dan 484 ekor Raillietnema sp., 155 ekor Neyraplectana sp. dan 44 ekor Acanthocephalus sp."