Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Dewasa ini telah banyak dilaporkan penelitian tentang pengujian bahan lignoselulosa sebagai sorben penyerap minyak serta modifikasinya untuk meningkatkan kapasitas penyerapannya terhadap minyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh perlakuan pendahuluan pada coir kelapa (Cocos nucifera) terhadap kapasitas penyerapan minyak. Perlakuan pendahuluan yang dilakukan adalah perlakuan ektraksi pelarut, perlakuan ekstraksi air, perlakuan pemanasan pada suhu 150 oC dan perlakuan asetilasi.Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan FTIR, perlakuan ekstraksi pelarut, perlakuan ekstraksi air dan perlakuan pemanasan pada suhu 150 oC selama 17 menit tidak menunjukkan perubahan pada struktur kimia lignoselulosa coir kelapa. Keberhasilan reaksi asetilasi dibuktikan dengan munculnya pita serapan dari vibrasi ulur ikatan C=O ester pada 1753,29 cm-1, vibrasi ulur ikatan ?CO? pada 1224,80 cm-1, dan vibrasi tekuk ikatan CH3 pada 1369,46 cm-1.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstraksi pelarut atau ekstraksi air pada coir kelapa dapat meningkatkan kapasitas penyerapan minyak, sedangkan perlakuan pemanasan pada 150 oC selama 17 menit menurunkan kecenderungan penyerapan sorben terhadap air. Dengan demikian, sorben dengan perlakuan ekstraksi pelarut atau ekstraksi air dapat diaplikasikan secara langsung pada sistem minyak saja, sedangkan pada sistem minyak ? air, diperlukan perlakuan tambahan (pemanasan)."

"This research analyses about how and how far the transformation of agricultural production system and agrarian structure within cacao-base peasant community imply to social differentiation. The research uses a "multiple case study" approach in four cocoa peasant communities, i.e.:two communities in Central Sulawesi and the other two in Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD). The result shows that capitalism enters the communities by permeating (not eliminating) through various new activities, and than produced a transitional agricultural production (particularly takes form as temporary holding), has resulted in a social differentiation in peasant community called as unequal stratification of cocial structure of peasant community. This social is differentiated in many layers from a single status layer (land owners, tillers and labor) to combination of layers (of those three statuses). Moreover, this emerging social structure is also accompanied by a further inequality in agrarian resource ownership."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak pengenaan tarif bea keluar biji kakao Indonesia terhadap ekspor produk kakao olahan dari Indonesia dan Malaysia di jangka panjang. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah volume ekspor produk kakao olahan di Indonesia dan Malaysia, harga biji kakao Indonesia, harga biji kakao internasional, harga rata-rata ekspor kakao olahan di 5 negara kompetitor Indonesia dan Malaysia, volume impor kakao olahan di dunia dan dummy penerapan tarif bea keluar biji kakao Indonesia. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian maka digunakan metode Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) dan menggunakan bound testing cointegration untuk melihat hubungan kointegrasi dari variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pengenaan tarif bea keluar biji kakao di Indonesia berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap meningkatnya volume ekspor kakao olahan Indonesia di jangka panjang. Sedangkan bagi Malaysia, pengenaan tarif bea keluar biji kakao di Indonesia, berpengaruh tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap menurunnya volume ekspor kakao olahan Malaysia di jangka panjang.

---

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of Indonesian cocoa beans export tax policy on Indonesia and Malaysia processed cocoa exports in the long term. The research variables are export volume of processed cocoa products in Indonesia and Malaysia, Indonesia price of cocoa beans, world price of cocoa beans, average price of exports of processed cocoa in 5 Indonesia and Malaysia competitor countries, import volume of cocoa in the world and the dummy tariff Export duty of Indonesian cocoa beans. To answer the research objectives method is used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL To answer the research objective, we use Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and using bound testing cointegration for testing the cointegration relationship between the research variables. The results show that in the long run, that the imposition of tariff on cocoa beans in Indonesia has a significant effect on the increase of export volume  of Indonesia processed cocoa but for Malaysia, the imposition of tariffs out of cocoa beans in Indonesia, no significant effect on the declining vol of Malaysias exports of processed cocoa."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat kemampuan bertahan perusahaan pada industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia pada periode 2002-2006, yang merupakan periode dimana kebijakan PPN diterapkan terhadap komoditas kakao. Kebijakan ini diduga merupakan penyebab dari banyaknya perusahaan pengolahan kakao mati, padahal Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kakao terbesar ketiga di dunia. Selain itu penelitian ini juga melihat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi probabilita perusahaan bertahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Survival Model, penulis menggunakan analisa jangka waktu pendek dan panjang dalam kurun waktu 2002-2006 untuk melihat konsistensi model dalam periode waktu yang berbeda. Penelitian ini secara umum sejalan dengan temuan Evans (1987), dan mendukung hipotesa bahwa PPN berpengaruh terhadap banyaknya perusahaan pengolahan kakao yang mati.

---

The focus of this study is to observe firm survival in Indonesian cocoa processing industry in 2002-2006, which is the period when tax policy imposed to cocoa commodities. It is hypothesized that the policy lead to the extinct of the cocoa?s processing firm while the fact Indonesia is the 3rd biggest cocoa producing country of the world. Moreover this research is also focusing on the other factors that have impacts on the probability of firm?s survival. This research is using a survival model, the author is using short run period and long run period in 2002-2006 to support model consistency in different time period. Generally, the research agrees Evans (1987) findings and supports the hypothesis that tax policy has impacts on the extinction of numerous cocoa processing firms."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui masalah - masalah dalam pengembangan kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman serta menentukan masalah utama yang perlu mendapatkan prioritas penanganan. Disamping itu juga diteliti dampak pengembangan kakao ini terhadap perekonomian daerah. Data utama yang digunakan adalah data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan data sekunder yaitu Tabel Input Output Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Tahun 2007 Transaksi Domestik Atas Dasar Harga Produsen.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah utama yang perlu mendapatkan prioritas penanganan adalah permodalan. Dampak pengembangan kakao terhadap perekonomian daerah untuk saat ini masih rendah. Namun simulasi kebijakan menunjukkan bahwa investasi yang dilakukan di sektor kakao akan mampu meningkatkan output, Nilai Tambah Bruto (PDRB) dan pendapatan masyarakat Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Untuk itu disarankan kepada stake holder terkait agar melakukan terobosan untuk mengatasi permodalan, meningkatkan kegiatan pembinaan dan penyuluhan serta pengembangan industri pengolahan kakao.

---

The objective of the research was to understand both of problems of cocoa development on padang pariaman regency and its priority treatment to solve. Despitefully, this research is also attributed to understand the cocoa development impact on regional economy of padang pariaman regency. The research utilizes the prominent data which consist of primary data and secondary data. The primary data was collected by analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) quisioner whereas the secondary data was provided by domestic input-output tabel transaction base on producer price of Padang Pariaman regency on year 2007.

The observational result indicates that the capital is the priority treatment which must be performed. Nowadays, the cocoa development impact on regional economy is still contemning. However, the policy simulation shows that the investment which done on the cocoa sector will increase the output, Gross District Product (GDP), and society income of Padang Pariaman Regency. There is several recommendations for relevant stakeholder to increase attainment of cocoa development impact on regional economy such as breakthrough the overcame capital, improving guidance and counseling activities, and development of cocoa processing industry."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan salah satu produsen terbesar komoditas kakao biji di dunia.Hal ini menandakan bahwa kakao biji merupakan salah satu komoditas terpentingbagi Indonesia. Karenanya, pemerintah perlu menjaga stabilitas produksi darikomoditas terserbut. Selanjutnya, peran penting dari komoditas kakao biji ditandaidengan besarnya share ekspor dari komoditas tersebut terhadap total ekspor sektorpertanian Indonesia dan juga peran penting dari komoditas kakao biji terhadapmata pencaharian utama petani kecil di pedesaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji determinan dari produksi komoditas kakaobiji Indonesia. Secara lebih khusus, penelitian ini mendiskusikan bagaimanafaktor-faktor agronomis, karakteristik petani, dan proses rantai nilai dapatmempengaruhi produksi kakao biji di Indonesia yang dijelaskan melalui metodekualitatif. Selain itu, penilitian ini juga menguji bagaimana pengaruh dari hargaprodusen dan perubahannya, harga dunia, curah hujan, dan inflasi terhadapproduksi komoditas kakao biji Indonesia dengan menggunakan model randomeffect.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor agronomis dapatmempengaruhi produksi kakao biji melalui tingkat curah hujan dan tingkatkelembaban yang memngaruhi pohon kakao. Selanjutnya, karakteristik petani,seperti motif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehar-hari, dapat memengaruhikeputusan petani dalam membudidayakan komoditas kakao biji. Proses rantai nilaimenjelaskan bahwa harga produsen secara langsung mempengaruhi kapasitasproduksi domestic, sedangkan harga internasional secara tidak langsungmempengaruhi kapasitas produksi. Sementara itu, model random effectmenunjukkan bahwa harga produsen, perubahan harga produsen, harga dunia, daninflasi secara signifikan memberikan pengaruh terhadap produksi kakao bijidomestik.

---

ABSTRACTCurrently, Indonesia has become one of the major producers of cocoa bean in theworld. Then, it makes cocoa bean as one of the important commodities forIndonesia. Since the crop has become one of the important commodities forIndonesian economy, the government needs to maintain the stability of cocoabean production. The important role of cocoa bean can be shown by the share ofcocoa bean export on Indonesian agricultural export and the livelihood ofsmallholder farmers.This research aims to examine the determinants of Indonesian cocoa beanproduction. Particularly, this research discusses how the agronomics factors,farmers? characteristics, and value chain process can affect the cocoa beanproduction in Indonesia. Qualitative analysis is used to discuss these factors.Furthermore, this research also examines the affect of producer price, change inproducer price, world price, rainfall, and inflation on the cocoa bean production.Random effect model is used to examine the affect of those variables.The result reveals that agronomics factors can affect the production through theimpact of rainfall and humidity on cocoa tree. The farmers? characteristics, i.e. themotive to survive can affect the decision of farmers in cultivating cocoa bean. Thevalue chain process can explain that producer price of cocoa bean can directlyaffect the domestic production, whereas the world price indirectly affects thedomestic production. Meanwhile, the random effect model reveals that change inprice of cocoa bean, producer price of cocoa bean, the world price, and inflationsignificantly affect the domestic production.;Currently, Indonesia has become one of the major producers of cocoa bean in theworld. Then, it makes cocoa bean as one of the important commodities forIndonesia. Since the crop has become one of the important commodities forIndonesian economy, the government needs to maintain the stability of cocoabean production. The important role of cocoa bean can be shown by the share ofcocoa bean export on Indonesian agricultural export and the livelihood ofsmallholder farmers.This research aims to examine the determinants of Indonesian cocoa beanproduction. Particularly, this research discusses how the agronomics factors,farmers’ characteristics, and value chain process can affect the cocoa beanproduction in Indonesia. Qualitative analysis is used to discuss these factors.Furthermore, this research also examines the affect of producer price, change inproducer price, world price, rainfall, and inflation on the cocoa bean production.Random effect model is used to examine the affect of those variables.The result reveals that agronomics factors can affect the production through theimpact of rainfall and humidity on cocoa tree. The farmers’ characteristics, i.e. themotive to survive can affect the decision of farmers in cultivating cocoa bean. Thevalue chain process can explain that producer price of cocoa bean can directlyaffect the domestic production, whereas the world price indirectly affects thedomestic production. Meanwhile, the random effect model reveals that change inprice of cocoa bean, producer price of cocoa bean, the world price, and inflationsignificantly affect the domestic production., Currently, Indonesia has become one of the major producers of cocoa bean in theworld. Then, it makes cocoa bean as one of the important commodities forIndonesia. Since the crop has become one of the important commodities forIndonesian economy, the government needs to maintain the stability of cocoabean production. The important role of cocoa bean can be shown by the share ofcocoa bean export on Indonesian agricultural export and the livelihood ofsmallholder farmers.This research aims to examine the determinants of Indonesian cocoa beanproduction. Particularly, this research discusses how the agronomics factors,farmers’ characteristics, and value chain process can affect the cocoa beanproduction in Indonesia. Qualitative analysis is used to discuss these factors.Furthermore, this research also examines the affect of producer price, change inproducer price, world price, rainfall, and inflation on the cocoa bean production.Random effect model is used to examine the affect of those variables.The result reveals that agronomics factors can affect the production through theimpact of rainfall and humidity on cocoa tree. The farmers’ characteristics, i.e. themotive to survive can affect the decision of farmers in cultivating cocoa bean. Thevalue chain process can explain that producer price of cocoa bean can directlyaffect the domestic production, whereas the world price indirectly affects thedomestic production. Meanwhile, the random effect model reveals that change inprice of cocoa bean, producer price of cocoa bean, the world price, and inflationsignificantly affect the domestic production.]"

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang praktik collaborative governance serta faktor yang mempengaruhinya dalam Program Planet Kakao.Planet Kakao adalah program yang diinisiasi oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur melalui Dinas Perkebunan guna mengelola perkebunan kakao dari hulu ke hilir melalui perkebunan rakyat. Program ini tidak hanya menggandeng petani, namun juga pihak swasta, Bidang Perkebunan di pemerintah daerah kabupaten, Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao serta Asosiasi Petani Kakao Indonesia. Penelitian dibatasi di dua daerah, yakni Blitar dan Mojokerto.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan post-positivism dengan wawancara dan studi literatur sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Model collaborative governance yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah model Ansell dan Gash. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, ditemukan adanya proses kolaboratif dalam pelaksanaan program. Meskipun dilaksanakan dalam lingkup satu provinsi, nyatanya terdapat perbedaan antara kedua daerah.Salah satunya adalah adanya indikasi distrust di salah satu daerah. Selain itu, faktor kepemimpinan menjadi faktor yang paling mendeterminasi program sejak awal di kedua daerah, namun informal leader di satu daerah lebih kuat sehingga memberikan pengaruh lebih dalam forum kolaborasi.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the practice of collaborative governance and the factors that influence it in the Planet Kakao Program. Planet Kakao is a program initiated by the East Java Provincial Government through the Plantation Office to manage cocoa plantations from upstream to downstream through smallholder plantations. This program not only collaborates with farmers, but also the private sector, Plantation in the district government, the Coffee and Cocoa Research Center and the Indonesian Cocoa Farmers Association. Research is limited to two regions, namely Blitar and Mojokerto. The study used a post-positivist approach with interviews and literature studies as a method of data collection. The collaborative governance model used in the study is the Ansell and Gash models. Based on the results of data analysis, a collaborative process was found in the implementation of the program. Although carried out within the scope of one province, in fact there are differences between the two regions. One of them is the indication of distrust in one area. In addition, leadership factor have been the most determinant factor in the program since the beginning in both regions, but informal leaders in one region are stronger so that they have more influence in the collaboration forum."

"Kakao adalah komoditi yang sangat penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Kesuksesan perluasan area kebun kakao dan peningkatan produk dalam dua decade telah meningkatkan pangsa pasar Indonesia di dunia. Tujuan tesis ini adalah untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempngaruhi ekspor biii kakao Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat dalam periodc 1976-2006. Tesis ini mengunakan model persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari dua persamaan, yaitu penawaran dan permintaan ekspor bUi kakao Indonesia. Hasil estimasi model persamaan simultan secara umum mempunyai tanda dan koeiisien yang sesuai dengan teori ekonomi dan penelitian terdahulu.Hasil estimasi model penawaran ekspor biji kakao Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa dua variable penjelas yaitu produksi biii kakao dan ekspor biii kakao tahun sebelumnya secara statistik signifikan pada 5 persen tingkat keyakinan. Disisi lain dua variable tidak signilikan berdasarkan kriteria statistik yaitu harga relative dari harga ekspor dengan harga domestic dan dummy penahanan otomatis. Hasil estimasi model permintaan ekspor biii kakao Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa dua variabel penjelas yaitu Pmduk Domestic Bruto Amerika Serikat dan harga ekspor tahun sebelumnya signilikan pada level 5 pereen. Di lain pihak dua variabel tidak signifikan berdasarkan criteria statistic, yaitu harga relative dari harga ekspor biji kakao Indonesia dengan harga ekspor Pantai Gading serta variabel volume ekspor Pantai Gading ke Amerika Serikat

---

Cocoa is a commodity which plays a very important role in Indonesian economy. The successful cocoa area expansion and product increase in two decades have improved Indonesian cocoa market share in the world. The objective of this thesis is to analyze determinant factors which influence Indonesia?s cocoa beans export to the United States of America in the period ot' 1976-2006. This thesis uses simultaneous equation model which consists of two equations, they are supply and demand for export of lndonesia?s cocoa beans.

The result of simultaneous equation model estimation in general has the magnitude and eoeliicient which are suitable with economic theory and previous research. The result of the supply of export for Indonesia?s cocoa beans model estimation shows that two explanatory variables that are cocoa beans production and cocoa beans export on lagged one year are statistically significant at 5 per cent level of confidence. On the other hand two variables are not significant based on statistical criteria; they are relative price of export price with domwtic price and dummy automatic detention. The result of the demand for export estimation for lndonesia?s cocoa bears model shows that two explanatory variabl namely Gross Domestic Product of USA and export price of cocoa beans on one year lag are statistically signilicant at 5 per cent level of confidence. On the contrary two variables are not significant based on statistical criteria; they are relative price of Indonesia?s export price with lvory Coast?s export price and export volume of Ivory Coast to USA."