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"ABSTRACTCimanuk Watershed is one of the important water sources in West Java Province. The damage that occurred in Cimanuk watershed affected the sustainability of water supply in West Java. The administrative area of ​​Cimanuk watershed extends to 4 regencies, namely Garut Regency, Sumedang Regency, Majalengka Regency, and Indramayu Regency. The Cimanuk River itself has a length of ± 338 km which can supply water needs of 2.2 billion m3 every year with the main utilization for irrigation in agricultural areas. Forest areas in the upper Cimanuk watershed affect the continuity of the hydrological, erosion and sedimentation process. Changes in the upstream area in terms of land use and forest exploitation that do not consider environmental aspects can damage the entire watershed ecosystem, causing fluctuations in water flow, sediment transport, and material dissolved in the water flow system. Given the reciprocal relationship in the concept of watershed management, the implementation of the Payment Environmental Services or PES mechanism is important, where water is one of components that deserves be consideration. The economic valuation of water quantified as water prices is also a fundamental reason for the importance of PES studies. Water prices based on scientific calculations, both qualitative and quantitative, determine the feasibility value that will be given from the downstream community upstream as conservation actors to support the concept of fair environmental services. Quantitative analysis is carried out in the form of valuations involving several methods, namely the Contingent Valuation Method, Value of Marginal Product Water, and Full Cost Pricing. The price of water can be used as an indicator of the cost of forest environmental services as a water provider as well as improving market mechanisms. This paper concludes the mechanism of payment for environmental services (PES) through water pricing policies can be an alternative source of funding to improve the condition of a watershed"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh distribusi curah hujan dan karakteristik fisik setiap sub-DAS Ci Liwung Hulu yang terdiri dari topografi, jenis tanah dan penggunaan tanah terhadap debit aliran Daerah Aliran Ci Liwung Hulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah Soil Conservation Service (SCS) yang disimulasikan menggunakan model hujan-debit HEC-HMS yang di validasi menggunakan metode RMSE dan Nash. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan bahwa karakteristik dan distribusi hujan setiap sub-DAS mempengaruhi besar kecilnya debit yang dihasilkan. Sub-DAS Ci Liwung (Tugu) merupakan sub-DAS yang menghasilkan sumbangan debit terbesar pada DA Ci Liwung Hulu pada kejadian banjir Tahun 2002 dan 2007. Berdasarkan hasil validasi, simulasi, data curah hujan radar cuaca memiliki nilai simpangan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan data curah hujan observasi. Penggunaan data radar cuaca memberikan gambaran distribusi hujan spasial dengan resolusi tinggi dan dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi debit aliran yang dihasilkan oleh suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS).

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This study aims to determine impact of rainfall distribution and physical characteristics in each sub-watershed towards run-off in the Upper Ci Liwung Watershed. It consist of topography , soil type and land use. The method utilizing Soil Conservation Service (SCS ) applied on HEC - HMS rainfallrunoff model and was validated using the RMSE and Nash.

The results show that the physical characteristics and rainfall distribution of each sub-watershed has significant impact on the run-off in Upper Ci Liwung Watershed especially sub-watershed Ci Liwung ( Tugu) on the flood events of 2002 and 2007.

Based on the simulation validation result, weather radar rainfall data has a deviation value smaller than rainfall data of observation . Weather radar data provide accurate rainfall measurements at high resolution and can be applied to predict run-off in watershed."

"Peningkatan pembangunan di wilayah kampus Universitas Indonesia berakibat pada semakin meningkatnya permukaan kedap air. Dengan demikian maka perlu diketahui klasifikasi kerentanan wilayah Universitas Indonesia terhadap perubahan tutupan lahan kedap air melalui analisis tertentu. Salah satu metode yang memberikan panduan dalam melakukan proses analisis tersebut adalah The Watershed Vulnerability Analysis. Metode ini merupakan metode cepat yang digagas oleh Center for Watershed Protection dan diterbitkan pada tahun 2002. Metode ini membagi wilayah yang dianalisis menjadi tiga klasifikasi yaitu sensitive, impacted dan non-supporting. Dengan demikian maka kondisi daerah yang dilakukan analisis menjadi mudah dikenali dan dapat dijadikan acuan dalam rencana pembangunan wilayah kampus Universitas Indonesia.

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Development growth in campus Universitas Indonesia can impact to the increasing of impervious cover. Thus, it?s necessary to know Universitas Indonesia campus soil vulnerability classification in regards to the impervious cover alteration through a specific analysis. One method that provides guidance in conducting the analysis process is The Watershed Vulnerability Analysis. This method is a rapid method initiated by the Center for Watershed Protection and published in 2002. These rapid, dividing the analysis region?s to one of three classifications which are sensitive, impacted and non supporting. Thus, the conditions in the area of analysis to be easily recognizable and can be used as a reference in the development plan campus Universitas Indonesia."

"Gosong merupakan merupakan salah satu bentukan morfologi pada sungai yang merupakan akumulasi dari sedimen yang dibentuk dari batu, kerikil, pasir, atau lumpur, yang membentuk seperti pulau ditengah/tepi sungai (Charlton, 2008). Dinamika morfologi gosong dapat menjadi indikator perubahan lingkungan pada daerah sungai. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk meneliti perubahan bentuk dari morfologi gosong pada alur Ci Herang, yang merupakan salah satu sub dari aliran Ci Leungsi Hulu. Metode penelitian ini didasari pada interpretasi melalui citra google earth pada tahun 2009, 2012, 2013, dan 2015 dan melalui survei pengukuran di lapangan. Variabel lain yang berpengaruh terhadap gosong, seperti debit aliran, penggunaan tanah, kemiringan sungai, dan tipe alur sungai, diperoleh melalui pengolahan data sekunder peta RBI, dan data curah hujan dari instansi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa morfologi gosong sangat dinamis, baik dalam jangka waktu panjang maupun pada jangka waktu pendek. Gosong pada tipe alur sungai lurus, terutama pada yang tipe alurnya mengalami perubahan menjadi teranyam, cenderung lebih dinamis dibandingkan pada tipe alur lainnya. Debit aliran pada 1 hari sebelum pengamatan sangat berpengaruh terhadap dinamika gosong tersebut.

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Bars is one of morphological formations in the river which is an accumulation of sediment formed of stone, gravel, sand, or mud, which is formed like islands on the center or side of river channel (Charlton, 2008). Dynamics of morphology bars can be an indicator of environmental change in that watershed. This study aimed to examine the changes of bars?s shape in the Ci Herang river, which is one of nine watershed on Ci Leungsi Hulu watershed.

This research method is based on interpretation google earth?s image in 2009, 2012, 2013, and 2015 and also survey in the field. Another variable affecting the bars, such as flow rate, landuse, slope of the river, and the river channel type, obtained through secondary data processing RBI maps, and rainfall data from the agency.

The results showed that the morphological bars very dynamic, both in the long term and the short term. Bars in straight river channel types tend to be more dynamic than the other type. The flow rate at 1 day before observation its most affects the dynamics of the sandbar."

"Kesehatan DAS (KesDAS) adalah ukuran struktur dan fungsi ekosistem yang ditandai dengan kelimpahan dan keragaman spesies, sumber anorganik dan organik, serta atribut fisik (termasuk kompleksitas habitat). Beberapa negara mulai mengembangkan instrumen penilaian kesehatan DAS, sebagai dasar untuk menentukan langkah pengelolaan DAS yang menjadi prioritas. Pendekatan sistem untuk penilaian dan perlindungan DAS yang sehat didasarkan pada evaluasi terpadu menurut US-EPA (2012) adalah kondisi lanskap, habitat, hidrologi, geomorfologi, kualitas air, dan kondisi biologis. Dan di Indonesia berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan RI No. 60 tahun 2014, klasifikasi DAS dihitung dengan kriteria kondisi lahan, kualitas, kuantitas, dan kontinuitas air, sosial ekonomi dan kelembagaan, investasi bangunan air, pemanfaatan ruang wilayah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung kesehatan DAS di Provinsi Lampung, mengembangkan model penilaian kesehatan DAS dengan gabungan variabel Permnehut 60/2014 dan US-EPA 2012, serta membuat aplikasi untuk menghitung kesehatan DAS berdasarkan persamaan hasil pemodelan. Penelitian dilakukan di 28 lokasi yang tersebar di 5 DAS Provinsi Lampung. Data primer yang digunakan yaitu data kualitas air, data kondisi habitat, dan kondisi biotilik. Pembobotan dan skor variabel yang digunakan mengikuti aturan Permenhut 60/ 2014, untuk kualitas air memakai standar WQI, untuk habitat dan biotilik sesuai dengan panduan dari Ecoton 2011.Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 18% (3 sub- DAS) dalam kondisi dipulihkan daya dukungnya berdasarkan perhitungan Klasifikasi Permenhut 60/2014. Penilaian kesehatan DAS dengan variabel US-EPA 2012 memiliki nilai bervariasi sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditinjau. Berdasarkan kondisi lanskap, hanya 5,8% (1 sub-DAS) yang dikategorikan sehat, dan berdasarkan kondisi geomorfologinya ada 2 sub-DAS dikategorikan tidak sehat. Hasil pemodelan diperoleh persamaan KesDAS dan biotilik dengan nilai R2 masing-masing sebesar 0,998 dan 0,946.Untuk memudahkan dalam menghitung nilai kesehatan DAS dan menentukan upaya pengelolaan DAS berdasarkan skala prioritas, maka berdasarkan persamaan model yang diperoleh dibuatlah aplikasi perhitungan yang diberi nama DYTERasDAS (Dwita, Yasman, Titin, Eva, Retno, assesmen Daerah Aliran Sungai) menggunakan bahasa program PHP, jQuery, bootstrap, dan css yang berbasis web.

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The watershed health (KesDAS) is a measure of the ecosystem structure and function characterized by the abundance of species diversities, organic and inorganic resources, and physical attributes (including the habitat complexity). Several countries have been established to develop the instrument for the assessment of the watershed health as the basis to justify procedures to set a priority in the watershed management. The system approach to the assessment and protection of a healthy watershed is based on the integrated evaluation by the United States-Environmental Protection Agency/US-EPA (2012) namely landscape condition, habitat, geomorphology, water quality, and biological condition. Furthermore, in Indonesia, the assessment refers to the regulation of the Ministry of Forestry Number 60 in 2014 (Permenhut 60/2014). In this standard, the watershed classification is justified by the criteria of the land condition, the water quantity, quality, and continuity, the socioeconomic and institutions, the investment on the water infrastructures, and the spatial utilization.

This research aims to estimate the watershed health in Lampung Province and to develop the assessment modelling of the estimation. The model combines the variables coming from the Permenhut 60/2014 as well as the US-EPA 2012. Besides, the application based on the results of the assessment modelling is also developed in this study. Furthermore, the data collection was conducted in 28 locations that are scattered in Lampung Province. The primary data used in this research includes the water quality, the habitat condition, and the macro invertebrate living on the riverbed. The variable scoring and weighing method applied in this study follows the Permenhut 60/2014 while the Water Quality Index (WQI) is used to justify the water quality. In the case of the habitat condition and the existence of the macro invertebrate, the analysis refers to the guidance of the Ecoton 2011.

The estimation based on the Permenhut 60/2014 shows that 18% (3 sub-watersheds) are categorized as ‘to be recovered’. Meanwhile, the calculation based on the US-EPA resulted in various categorizations in accordance with the assessed criteria. According to the criteria of the landscape condition, only 5.8% (1 sub-watershed) can be categorized as the healthy watershed. On the other hand, 2 sub-watersheds are categorized as unhealthy watersheds based on the criteria of the geomorphology. Besides, the value of the R2 resulted from the watershed health equation and bio-monitoring on the macro invertebrate are respectively 0.998 and 0.946.

Eventually, the results gained from the assessment modelling are continued with the development of the computational application that is called as DYTERasDAS. The DYTERasDAS stands for Dwita, Yasman, Titin, Eva, Retno, asesmen Daerah Aliran Sungai). This application uses the computer programming languages such as PHP, jQuery, bootstrap, and css that are on the web basis."

"Pendahuluan: Air bersih merupakan komponen penting yang diperlukan manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sebagian besar penduduk wilayah Jawa Barat memanfaatkan sungai Citarum sebagai sumber daya air, khususnya pada warga Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum. Sungai Citarum memiliki tingkat pencemaran yang tinggi akibat berbagai kegiatan pemanfaatan air sehingga tidak layak digunakan sebagai air baku minum. Air yang tercemar dapat menyebabkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan. Di samping itu, pengetahuan memiliki kaitan dengan sikap dan perilaku seseorang yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menilai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan, khususnya tentang pemanfaatan air sungai Citarum.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status ekonomi dan status pendidikan terhadap nilai pengetahuan warga DAS Citarum tentang pemanfaatan air sungai Citarum.Metode: Sampel penelitian untuk studi potong lintang ini merupakan warga DAS Citarum berusia produktif yang bertempat tinggal di Kelurahan Andir dan Desa Gajahmekar, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Seratus lima puluh lima responden dipilih secara acak dengan teknik clustered random sampling. Data terkait profil sosiodemografi dan pengetahuan pemanfaatan air warga DAS Citarum diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner melalui wawancara terpimpin.Hasil: Mayoritas responden memiliki status ekonomi di bawah UMR Kabupaten Jawa Barat (81,6%) dan memiliki status pendidikan rendah (74,2%). Median nilai pengetahuan adalah 54,55 dengan nilai minimum 0 dan nilai maksimum 100 Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status ekonomi dan status pendidikan dengan nilai pengetahuan (p=0,027 dan p=<0,001). Nilai pengetahuan yang tinggi berhubungan dengan penghasilan dan jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi.Kesimpulan: Status sosioekonomi dan nilai pengetahuan warga DAS Citarum masih tergolong rendah. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status ekonomi dan status pendidikan dengan nilai pengetahuan pemanfaaran air. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan perlu ditingkatkan melalui edukasi yang dilakukan sejak masa pendidikan dasar serta perlu memprioritaskan warga dengan status ekonomi rendah sebagai target edukasi kesehatan

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Introduction: Clean water is an important component needed by humans in everyday life. Most of the inhabitants of the West Java region use the Citarum river as a water resource, especially for the residents in the Citarum Watershed. Citarum River is highly polluted due to various water utilization activities which makes it as not suitable for usage on water drinking-purpose. Contaminated water can cause numerous health problems. On the other hand, knowledge is known to have an association with attitude and behavior related to health status. Therefore, this study aims to assess factors associated to knowledge, especially on Citarum water utilization.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to identify the relationship between economic status and educational level of residents in Citarum Watershed with knowledge score of Citarum water utilization.

Method(s): Data for this cross-sectional study were retrieved from residents of productive age who live in Citarum watershed area, specifically in Andir sub-district and Gajahmekar village, Bandung Regency, West Java. One hundred and fifty five respondents were randomly selected by using clustered random sampling technique. Data related to the sociodemographic profile and knowledge of water utilization were obtained using a questionnaire through interview.

Result(s): The majority of respondents have an economic status below the regional minimum wage of West Java Regency (81.6%) and have low educational level (74.2%). The median score for knowledge is 54.55 with minimum and maximum score of 0 and 100 respectively. Most of the respondents have knowledge scores below the median (47.3%). There is a significant relationship between economic status and educational level with the knowledge score (p=0.027 and p=<0,001). High knowledge scores are associated with higher income and higher education level.

Conclusion: The socioeconomic status and knowledge score of residents in Citarum watershed are low. In addition, there is a significant relationship between economic status and educational level with the knowledge score. Therefore, knowledge needs to be improved through education carried out since the elementary education period and health promotion should be prioritized in low economic status population"

"ABSTRAKPerubahan penggunaan lahan baik di daerah hulu dan juga hilir DAS Ciliwung telah menurunkan kapasitas penyerapan air karena diperbesarnya daerah penutup yang tahan air yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan infrastruktur di sepanjang daerah tersebut dan juga memburuknya kualitas air dan kesehatan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan rencana pengelolaan DAS berdasarkan penilaian sub-DAS di sepanjang DAS Ciliwung, terdiri dari 27 DAS. Dengan menggunakan metode penilaian sub-DAS, berdasarkan analisis kerentanan DAS yang diusulkan oleh Zielinski (2002), DAS dapat dikategorikan berdasarkan kondisi hidrologisnya untuk mengetahui karakteristik masing-masing daerah dan untuk menentukan perlakuan efektif. Metode Low Impact Development (LID) yang diperlukan untuk memulihkan atau meningkatkan kondisi lingkungan dari setiap jenis aliran sub-DAS yang terkena dampak dengan menerapkan 8 alat perlindungan DAS. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dikategorikan menggunakan kualitas aliran sub-DAS. Dengan menggunakan metode ini, rencana pengelolaan DAS menyeluruh beserta rencana siklusnya yang sesuai dengan kondisi dan peraturan setempat dapat dibuat dengan baik.

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ABSTRACT

The changes in land use on both at the upstream and downstream area of Ciliwung watersheds has been degrading the capacity of water absorption due to the enlargement of impervious cover area that caused by economic and infrastructure growth along the area and also deteriorating the water quality and environment health. This research aims to propose a watershed management plan based on its sub-watershed assessment along Ciliwung watersheds, it consists of 27 sub-watersheds. By using sub-watershed assessment method, based on watershed vulnerability analysis that proposed by Zielinski (2002), the watershed can be categorized based on its hydrological condition to know the characteristics of each area and determined the effective treatment of Low Impact Development (LID) methods that is needed to restore or enhance the environment condition of each type of subjected sub-watershed streams by implementing 8 tools of watershed protection. The implementation of this research is categorized in stream quality of the sub-watersheds. By using this method, a thorough watershed management plan along with its cycle plan that corresponds with the local condition and regulation is created."