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"Flood is indeed a big problem in Jakarta as a metropolitan city. From the colonial era to present day, flood has not yet been resolved adequately. Fisiography cycles, space competition, and the management of flood seem to be significant factors affected the continuous problem of flood in Jakarta. Seeing from the perspective of fisiography which is related to geomorphology, geology, and hydrology, lowland of Jakarta formed from rivers' sedimentation thousand years ago. This in fact has formed areas below the sea level like swamp and lake areas. Sedimentation process was accelerated after the eruption of the Mount Salak in 1699, in which newly lowland has been increasing each year around 15-50 metres depending on flood and wind direction. Due to this sedimentation, Jakarta topography is flat where water could not flow smoothly. The emergence of Jakarta as settlement areas originated from the Sunda Kelapa Kingdom that developed in the Jakarta coastal area. This process of settlement has developed rapidly along with the VOC conquered Jakarta. Being a central of the colonial trading, population has increased dramatically that also extended the size of Jakarta. In 1830, the city extended toward southern part, well-know as Weltevreden. Menteng was built in 1918 after the development of Jakarta itself. The increasing number of population from 1948 _ 1950 was occurred when the capital of the country moved from Yogyakarta to Jakarta. After 1970s population booming has happened in Jakarta which consequently increasing number of buildings could not be avoided. The construction of housing complexes, trading centres, and industries have even conducted in the restricted areas for any buildings, including the environmental geology area of 1,2 and 3. The impact of these constructions could be clearly seen through the decreasing of absorbing water areas. Therefore, flooding areas have increased rapidly. From 1892 to 1930 flood had been around Weltevreden area, but in 1985 floods have reached the outskirts of Jakarta, including Bintaro, Ciputat, and Pasar Minggu. To solve the flood, structural approach has been applied since 1911. During colonial period flood, especially in 1919, the canal of Kali Malang and Manggarai water control were built. After the independence, 1970 _ 1985, floods have been managed by constructing Cengkareng drain, Cakung drain and so forth. Though government has spent a lot of funding, flood could not be stopped it. Flood is indeed a difficult homework for government of Jakarta."

"Ci Sadane merupakan salah satu sungai yang melalui Kota dan Kabupaten Tangerang, Provinsi Banten. Pada tahun 2014 bencana banjir terjadi di wilayah Kota Tangerang mengakibatkan 1270 rumah terendam banjir. Besarnya dampak kerugian banjir bagi manusia membuat informasi wilayah rawan banjir sangat diperlukan untuk meminimalisir dampak kerugiannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran wilayah rawan banjir di wilayah penelitian Daerah Aliran DA Ci Sadane. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui Wilayah Rawan Banjir ialah metode overlay. Dengan cara meng overlay wilayah potensi banjir dan wilayah kejadian banjir aktual. Potensi banjir diketahui dengan metode overlay tumpangsusun variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap banjir, yaitu 1 Curah Hujan, 2 Kelerengan, 3 Ketinggian, 4 Tekstur Tanah, dan 5 Penggunaan Tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran kelas curah hujan, kelerengan, wilayah ketinggian, tekstur tanah, penggunaan tanah, wilayah potensi banjir, wilayah banjir, dan wilayah rawan banjir. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Daerah Administrasi Kota dan Kabupaten Tengerang yang berada dalam Daerah Aliran Ci Sadane dengan ketinggian 0 25 m dpl memiliki wilayah rawan banjir sangat rendah 5,72 , rendah 81,60 , sedang 7,55 , dan tinggi 5,13 . Wilayah rawan banjir rendah memiliki tingkat dominasi yang tinggi di 19 Kecamatan, yaitu Batuceper, Benda, Cibodas, Cipondoh, Jatiuwung, Karawaci, Neglasari, Periuk, Pinang, Tangerang, Curug, Kelapa Dua, Kosambi, Pagedangan, Pakuhaji, Sepatan, Sepatan Timur, Sukadiri, dan Teluknaga.

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Ci Sadane is one of the rivers crossing of the City and Regency of Tangerang, Banten Province. In 2014, floods occurred in the Tangerang City. This flood caused 1270 house of residents submerged. The magnitude of losses for humans affected by floods, making information flood-hazard areas is needed to minimize the loss of the impact. This study aims to observe the distribution of flood-hazard areas in the Sadane watershed. The method used to find out the distribution of flood-hazard areas is the overlay method. The flood hazard areas are known from the overlay between potential areas and actual flood areas. The potential areas known by overlay inter variables method, such as 1 Rainfall, 2 Slope, 3 Elevation, 4 Soil Texture, and 5 Land Use. Flood Hazard is known by overlay flood potential levels and actual flood events. The results showed the distribution of rainfall, slope, elevation areas, soil texture, land use, flood potential areas, flood areas, and flood hazard areas. The conclusion of the research shows that the City Administration Area and Regency of Tangerang located Sadane watershed with height of 0-25 m asl have very low hazard flood areas 5,72, low 81,60, medium 7,55, and high 5,13. The flood hazard areas with low levels area in 19 location including Batuceper, Benda, Cibodas, Cipondoh."