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"Pada akhir periode pemerintahan Dinasti Qing, terdapat dua buah peristiwa besar yang memiliki peran penting terhadap runtuhnya sistem kekaisaran Cina selama berabad-abad lamanya. Kedua peristiwa tersebut antara lain Pemberontakan Taiping (1850-1864) dan Revolusi Xinhai (1911) yang merupakan respon terhadap perubahan sosial dan ekonomi dan ideologi di Cina saat itu. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis keterkaitan antar kedua peristiwa ini terhadap revolusi modern Cina 1911 dengan melihat dari kondisi politik dan ideologi Cina di akhir periode kekaisaran Manchu. Melalui pengamatan dari aspek-aspek tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua peristiwa ini memiliki keterkaitan berupa pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap terjadinya revolusi modern Cina. Pengaruh langsung dapat dilihat dari ideologi “Tiga Prinsip Rakyat” yang dicetuskan oleh Sun Yat-sen sebagai dasar awal berdirinya Cina sebagai negara republik. Sedangkan pengaruh tidak langsung dapat dilihat dari menurunnya pengaruh pemerintah pusat (sentralisasi) Dinasti Qing dan menguatnya kekuatan lokal (desentralisasi). Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teknik deskriptif serta pendekatan sejarah.

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At the end reign of the Qing dynasty, there were two major events which played an important role in the collapse of the Chinese imperial system over the centuries. The two events included Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) and Xinhai Revolution (1911) which were a response to social economic changes and ideology in China at that time. This study will analyze the relationship between these two events to the Chinese modern revolution in 1911 by looking at the political and ideological conditions of China at the end of Manchu Empire. Through observations of these aspects, it can be concluded that these two events were related in the form of a direct and indirect influence on the occurrence of the modern Chinese revolution. The direct influence can be seen from the ideology of the "Three Principles of the People" which was initiated by Sun Yat-sen as the initial basis for the establishment of China as a republic. Meanwhile, the indirect effect can be seen from the decline in the influence of central government of Qing Dynasty (centralization) and the strengthening of local power (decentralization). The author uses qualitative methods with descriptive techniques and historical approaches."

"ABSTRAKRevolusi Xinhai tahun 1911 telah mengubah sistem negara Tiongkok menjadi sistem Republik. Tokoh yang berperan besar dalam revolusi ini yaitu Huang Xing. Dia adalah seorang pelajar Tionghoa yang belajar di Jepang dan pendiri partai Hu x ng hu . Partainya bergabung dengan partai milik Sun sehingga menjadi partai revolusioner besar yang bernama T ngm nghu . Sun menjadi ketua dan Huang menjadi wakil ketua. Huang memiliki kemampuan militer yang baik sehingga mampu merencanakan serta memimpin berbagai pemberontakan di Tiongkok dan secara aktif merekrut anggota baru. Semua hal yang dilakukan oleh Huang telah membuatnya menjadi orang terpenting kedua setelah Sun di Revolusi Xinhai.

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ABSTRACTThe Xinhai Revolution of 1911 has succeded in transforming the Chinese system to be Republic. Figure who played big role in this revolution, named Huang Xing. He was a Chinese student who studied in Japan and a founder of the Hu x ng hu party. His party incorporated with Sun rsquo s party became big revolutionary party called T ngm nghu in which Sun was the chairman, Huang was the vice chairman. He had a great military ability which made capable in organizing and leading various uprising in China and actively recruiting new members. All the things that Huang did made him the second most important person after Sun in the Xinhai Revolution. "

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