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"The intellectual property right (IPR) is a sub-system of legal system which has been created to protect intellectual property in a wide range from ordinary human instruments used in daily activities such as agriculture, folklore, bio-diversity, traditional medicine, music, till highly complicated computer program viz. CAD/CAM, Animation, Robotic, etc...."

"Indonesia is often referred as the fifth largest country that having Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) infringements, it does however not necessarily make Indonesia as a state that does not protect IPR., since Indonesia does have several major laws on IPR protections. The fact has shown on the other hands that the developed nations are not sterile from misappropriation of those IPRs that are primarily corresponded to the interest of developing countries such as ?Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore". The conventional concept of IPR is considered unable to deliver the protection for Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore (GRTKF) because of its individualist nature. Therefore, it is highly expected there could be a better protection toward GRTFK. This paper will extract the IPR concept related to GRTKF, especially the condition in Indonesia as one of the developing country that has many interests in having proctection on GRTKF."

"[Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (EBT) adalah kekayaan warisan budaya yangmenceminkan nilai-nilai, tradisi, dan kepercayaan suatu bangsa dan masyarakatadat. Setiap bangsa memiliki kekayaan EBT masing-masing, terutama negaranegaraberkembang, dimana Indonesia termasuk ke dalam salah satu negara yangkaya akan keanekaragaman hayati luar biasa (mega biodiversity). EBT rentanterhadap penyalahguaan (misappropriation dan misuse) terutama dari negaranegaramaju karena memiliki potensi ekonomi, sehingga penting agar dapatsegera terbentuk suatu sistem perlindungan EBT di Indonesia. Pendekatan yangumum diaplikasikan untuk perlindugnan EBT adalah melalui rezim hukum HKIkonvensional yang bersifat individualistis sehingga tidak sesuai untukdiaplikasikan pada EBT. Penulisan ini akan mengkaji efektifitas praktikperlindungan EBT di Indonesia;Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCE) is a form of cultural heritage that reflectsupon the values, traditions, and beliefs of a nation and its indigenous peoples.Every nation has its own TCE with its unique characterizations, especiallydeveloping countries, in which Indonesia is included as one of the countries withmega biodiversity. TCE is prone to misuse and misappropriation by developedcountries due to its economical potential. Therefore, it is imperative that Indonesiaadopts a set of rules regulating the protection of TCE. The common practices forTCE protection is through the intellectual property law regime with individualisticcharacteristics that is not suitable for the protection of TCE. This writing willanalyze the affectivity of the protection of TCE in Indonesia;Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCE) is a form of cultural heritage that reflectsupon the values, traditions, and beliefs of a nation and its indigenous peoples.Every nation has its own TCE with its unique characterizations, especiallydeveloping countries, in which Indonesia is included as one of the countries withmega biodiversity. TCE is prone to misuse and misappropriation by developedcountries due to its economical potential. Therefore, it is imperative that Indonesiaadopts a set of rules regulating the protection of TCE. The common practices forTCE protection is through the intellectual property law regime with individualisticcharacteristics that is not suitable for the protection of TCE. This writing willanalyze the affectivity of the protection of TCE in Indonesia, Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCE) is a form of cultural heritage that reflectsupon the values, traditions, and beliefs of a nation and its indigenous peoples.Every nation has its own TCE with its unique characterizations, especiallydeveloping countries, in which Indonesia is included as one of the countries withmega biodiversity. TCE is prone to misuse and misappropriation by developedcountries due to its economical potential. Therefore, it is imperative that Indonesiaadopts a set of rules regulating the protection of TCE. The common practices forTCE protection is through the intellectual property law regime with individualisticcharacteristics that is not suitable for the protection of TCE. This writing willanalyze the affectivity of the protection of TCE in Indonesia]"

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pembentukan database sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional (SDGPT), penunjukan pihak/instansi yang akan melakukan integrasi database yang saat ini masih tersebar, serta proses pelaksanaan integrasi dan validasi database SDGPT. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, bahwa: pertama, terdapat pendapat atau wacana yang berkembang mengenai pihak/instansi yang akan melakukan integrasi database SDGPT, yaitu: bentuk konsorsium, membentuk lembaga/instansi baru, dan mengoptimalkan instansi yang sudah ada. Namun, permasalahan utama yang timbul dari penunjukan pihak/instansi tersebut adalah pendanaan. Kedua, data SDGPT sering disampaikan dalam bentuk yang ringkas dan tidak disertakan data lengkap atau data pendukung dari lapangan. Hal ini berarti bahwa temuan data SDGPT tersebut, banyak yang belum divalidasi. Oleh sebab itu, proses validasi data SDGPT yang berada di database-database saat ini perlu dilakukan validasi oleh pihak yang berkompeten secara obyektif. Mengingat banyaknya database terkait SDGPT yang tersebar di berbagai lembaga litbang dan perguruan tinggi, maka konsep berbagi pengetahuan melalui suatu sistem manajemen pengetahuan (knowledge management system/KMS) bisa dijadikan salah satu cara untuk dapat melakukan integrasi database SDGPT yang saat ini masih tersebar.

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This research discusses the establishment of genetic resources and traditional knowledge (GRTK) database, the appointment/agencies that will carry out the integration of databases that are still scattered, and the implementation process of GRTK database integration and validation. From the results of this study concluded that: first, there is a growing opinion or discourse about the party/agency will conduct GRTK database integration, namely: form a consortium, formed new institution, and optimize existing agencies. However, the main issues arising from the designation of parties/agencies are funding. Secondly, GRTK data is often presented in the form of concise and do not include complete data or supporting data from the field. This means that the GRTK data findings, many of which have not been validated. Therefore, the GRTK validation data process residing in databases today is necessary to validation by the competent authorities objectively. Considering the number of databases related GRTK scattered in various research and development institutions and universities, the concept of knowledge sharing through a knowledge management system/KMS could be one way to be able to perform database integration GRTK which is still scattered."

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi proses pelestarian pengetahuan lokal dalam bentuk minuman kesehatan herbal berdasarkan arsip yang tercipta dengan menggunakanenam langkah proses preservasi pengetahuan lokal dari World Bank. Metode dalam penelitian iniadalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Metodepengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancaramendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salah satu pengetahuanlokal masyarakat kabupaten Kebumen adalah minuman kesehatan herbal. Pemerintah, bersamadengan masyarakat melakukan preservasi pengetahuan lokal menggunakan enam proses langkahpreservasi pengetahuan lokal dari World Bank. Berdasarkan fakta di lapangan dari keenamlangkah proses preservasi pengetahuan yang berjalan di kabupaten Kebumen hanya lima langkahmeliputi: pengakuan dan identifikasi, validasi, pencatatan dan dokumentasi, penyimpanan, danpenyebaran. Dari keenam tahapan langkah prservasi pengetahuan lokal yang paling dominanadalah pencatatan dan dokumentasi. Dari pencatatan dan dokumentasi dihasilkan arsip yangmerupakan kategori arsip vital. Arsip ini dijadikan sebagai transaksi bisnis oleh masyarakatpemilik pengetahuan. Transaksi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat pemilik pengetahuan adalahmenjalankan usaha dalam bentuk minuman kesehatan herbal berbasis pengetahuan lokal. Arsiparsipyang tercipta mencerminkan produk pengetahuan lokal masyarakat kabupaten Kebumen.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to identify the process of preservation of indigenous knowledge inthe form of Traditional health drinks based on the archives created by using the six steps of thepreservation process of the World Bank. The method in this research is descriptive qualitativemethod by using case study approach. Data collection methods used in this study usingobservation, in depth interviews and documentation studies. The results of the study showed thatone of the indigenous knowledge of Kebumen district community is traditional health drink. Thistraditional health drink is often referred to as herbal medicine. The government, together with thecommunity, preserves this indigenous knowledge until an archive is created. The archives fallinto the vital archive category because it is used by the knowledge owner community forbusiness transactions. Business conducted by local knowledge based communities which thenbecame a business in order improve family economy. Archives are created because of a processor activity. The process of preservation activities in the district begins with the recognition andidentification, validation, recording and documentation, storage, and dissemination. Of the sixpreservation measures of the World Bank, the preservation of indigenous knowledge inKebumen district with traditional health drinks only meets five aspects. "

"This paper discuss the paradigm shift of Australian Indigenous cultural heritage management and its inspiration to the Taiwanese society. In Australian settings, the notion of “landscape” is critical in cultural heritage-identity-history matrix. This paper argues that the paradigm shift of “landscape” narratives in the Australian history can be categorized into three phases: wildness, bush and country. In each periods, the predominant “landscape” narrative represents ethnic relations at that certain period of time. Furthermore, ethnic relations was institutionalized into regulations of Indigenous cultural heritage management. Through discussions, this paper argues (1) the dichotomy of tangible/intangible cultural heritage does not reflect the Indigenous peoples’ ontological understandings of heritage; (2) acknowledgement of the importance of contemporary history in Indigenous cultural heritage management instead of fossilization of Indigenous culture; (3) Indigenous peoples’ participation is critical in sustainable Indigenous cultural heritage management."

"Peruta examines emerging pervasive models of innovation and how their nature, effects, and origins are characterized. The book starts with the definition of markets for knowledge resources and analyses the integration of market players (e.g. suppliers, customers, competitors, laboratories and research institute) such as the fundamental prerequisite for promoting the development of the new era of open innovation. By focusing on different organizational models and considering both mechanisms pecuniary and non-pecuniary, the book aims to compare the theoretical assumptions and the managerial implications of the emerging open business models with the traditional closed innovation ones. The open business models are characterized essentially by the fact of encouraging innovation as part of the interactive co-creation process outside the boundaries of the firm. "