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"First survey, 1953, by the Survey of Medical Education, Subcommittee on Preprofessional Education, was published under title: Preparation for medical education in the liberal arts college. "

"ABSTRAKThe internationalization of higher education over the last two decades has transformed the education sector into a globalized, interconnected knowledge based society. Higher education institutions and national governments have been compelled to pay more attention to academic relations and knowledge exchange opportunities with partners in other countries, particularly in the same region. The current study aims to investigate the role of higher education internationalization in Southeast Asian nations ASEAN for the development of a more harmonized region. Previous research has revealed that less developed countries in the ASEAN region are far behind in the race to globalization and transformation of the education industry. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the policies and strategies enacted by the ASEAN administration and determine what it lacks to achieve this goal. An exploratory comparative approach has been used to identify and investigate recent internationalization trends in ASEAN member countries. The internationalization of higher education is a compelling and logical approach to increasing harmonization at the intra regional and interregional levels."

"Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai hibridasi nilai liberal dan nilai komunitariandalam penerapan konsep Knowledge Economy Bank Dunia melalui proyekreformasi pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia. Globalisasi mendukung terciptanyapemahaman akan kian pentingnya pengetahuan untuk mendukung perekonomiansuatu negara. Melalui konsep Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE), institusiinternasional seperti Bank Dunia menangkap peluang berinvestasi dalam sektoryang penting dalam produksi ilmu pengetahuan, yakni pendidikan tinggi. BankDunia merancang strategi reformasi pendidikan tinggi untuk kemudian diterapkandi sejumlah negara berkembang seperti Argentina, Guinea, Romania, Chile,Tunisia, Vietnam, Yordania, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, dan Indonesia.Meski dikatakan sebagai bentuk new economy yang menjanjikan terbukanyapeluang bagi negara-negara miskin dan berkembang untuk mencapai kemajuanmelalui produksi pengetahuan, KBE tak ubahnya sebagai bentuk baru kapitalismeekonomi di abad 21. Strategi reformasi pendidikan tinggi merupakan bentukneoliberalisme ekonomi yang mendorong pemerintah untuk melakukandesentralisasi, privatisasi, dan komersialisasi sektor pendidikan tinggi di negaranya.Melalui liberalisasi pendidikan tinggi, status pendidikan tinggi sebagai barangpublik berubah menjadi barang ekonomi. Meski di negara yang landasannyabertentangan dengan nilai liberal, seperti Indonesia, penerapan konsep KnowledgeEconomy Bank Dunia tetap menyebabkan terjadinya liberalisasi pendidikan tinggidalam batas toleransi tertentu melalui kebijakan yang merupakan hasil kompromiatas tarikan kepentingan global yang membawa nilai liberal dan kepentingan lokalyang menganut nilai komunitarian

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This paper will discuss about the hybridization of liberal and communitarian valuein the implementation of World Banks Knowledge-Economy concept throughhigher education reform projects in Indonesia. Globalization supports theunderstanding of the importance of knowledge for the economic growth. ByKnowledge-Based Economy (KBE) concept, the international institutions like theWorld Bank catches investment chances in an important sector to produceknowledge, known as higher education. The World Bank in advance composeshigher education reforms project in several developing countries like Argentina,Guinea, Romania, Chile, Tunisia, Vietnam, Jordan, Mozambique, Sri Lanka,Ethiopia, and Indonesia. Although it is said as a New Economy which is promisedto open more chances for poor and developing countries to achieve development byproducing knowledge, KBE even appears as a new face of capitalism in 21stcentury. Higher Education Reform Strategy is a form of neoliberalism economicswhich makes the government pursue decentralization, privatization and highereducation commercialization in its country. Higher education liberalization makesthe change of the status of higher education from public to economic goods.Although there are countries that principally not a liberal country, like Indonesia,World Bank Knowledge Economy concept implementation still succeed toliberalize higher education sector in that country within certain tolerance limitsthrough policies that are the result of compromises on the push-pull of the globalinterest (that bring liberal values) and local interest (that adhere to communitarianvalues)."