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"Latar Belakang: Penyakit periodontal tidak hanya mempengaruhi kesehatan mulut, tetapi juga berkontribusi pada berbagai gangguan sistemik termasuk hiperlipidemia yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama dari penyakit kardiovaskular. Mekanisme inflamasi yang mendasari penyakit periodontal diyakini dapat memengaruhi metabolisme lipid, sehingga memperburuk profil lipid pasien. Perawatan periodontal non-bedah telah diusulkan sebagai intervensi potensial untuk dapat mengurangi peradangan sistemik dan memperbaiki profil lipid pada beberbagai studi, tetepi hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan temuan yang tidak konsisten. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh perawatan periodontal non-bedah pada pasien dengan hiperlipidemia dan periodontitis terhadap kadar biomarker pro-inflamasi TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, dan CRP serta profil lipid. Metode: Pencarian studi melalui basis data elektronik menggunakan pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA). Studi yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi, kemudian dinilai risiko biasnya. Selanjutnya, dilakukan meta-analisis. Hasil: Sintesis kualitatif menunjukkan adanya hasil yang signifikan terhadap pengaruh perawatan periodontal non-bedah pada penurunan kadar TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6 pasca perawatan, tetapi tidak ditemukan adanya penurunan kadar yang signifikan pada biomarker CRP dan profil lipid pasca perawatan. Meta-analisis sebelum dan sesudah perawatan periodontal non-bedah menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan secara statistik pada kadar IL-6 dengan perbedaan rerata -0,74 pg/mL (95% CI:[-0.90;-0.57], p<0,00001) dan kadar TC dengan perbedaan rerata -36,19 (95% CI: [-61,00; - 11,38], p = 0,004) serta tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar HDL dengan perbedaan rerata 0,12 (95% CI: [-2,28; 2,52], p = 0,92). Kesimpulan: Perawatan periodontal non-bedah pada pasien dengan hiperlipidemia dan periodontitis menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kadar TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6, tetapi kadar CRP dan profil lipid tidak menunjukkan padanya pengaruh yang signifikan pasca perawatan pada pasien dengan hipelipidemia dan periodontitis.

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Background: Periodontal disease not only affects oral health but also contributes to a variety of systemic disorders including hyperlipidemia which is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The inflammatory mechanisms underlying periodontal disease are believed to affect lipid metabolism, thereby worsening the lipid profile of patients. Non-surgical periodontal treatment has been proposed as a potential intervention to reduce systemic inflammation and improve lipid profiles in various studies, despite previous findings showing inconsistent findings. Objective: To determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with hyperlipidemia and periodontitis on the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP as well as lipid profile. Methods: Study searches were conducted through electronic databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria are then assessed for bias risk. Next, a meta-analysis was carried out. Results: Qualitative synthesis showed significant results on the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels after treatment, but no significant reduction in CRP and lipid profile was found after treatment. Meta-analyses before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment showed a statistically significant effect on IL-6 levels with a mean difference of -0.74 pg/mL (95% CI:[-0.90;-0.57], p<0.00001) and TC levels with a mean difference of -36.19 (95% CI: [-61.00; - 11.38], p = 0.004). There is no significant effect on HDL levels with a mean difference of 0.12 (95% CI: [-2.28; 2.52], p = 0.92). Conclusions: Non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with hyperlipidemia and periodontitis showed a significant effect on TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, but CRP levels and lipid profiles did not show a significant post-treatment effect on patients with hyperlipidemia and periodontitis."

"Latar Belakang: Kebocoran mikro dipengaruhi oleh jenis semen saluran akar. Tujuan: menganalisis tingkat kebocoran mikro pengisian saluran akar menggunakan semen resin epoksi (SRE) dan Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (SMTA). Metode: Tiga puluh dua gigi premolar bawah, dibagi dua kelompok sama besar, yaitu kelompok SRE dan SMTA. Setelah pengisian saluran akar, sampel diinkubasi (370C, 24 jam), kemudian direndam dalam tinta India selama 7 X 24 jam. Sampel didekalsifikasi sampai dengan transparan. Kedalaman penetrasi tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Skor 1 untuk penetrasi tinta 0-0,5 mm, skor 2 untuk penetrasi tinta 0,51-1 mm, dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi tinta >1 mm. Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SRE terdapat pada skor 1, yaitu sebesar 37,5%. Sedangkan distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SMTA terdapat pada skor 1, yaitu sebesar 21,9%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok SRE dan SMTA. Kesimpulan: Semen resin epoksi dan semen MTA memiliki tingkat kebocoran yang sama.

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Background: The microleakage affected by type of root canal sealer.

Purpose: to analyze the microleakage of obturation using epoxy resin-based (SRE) and mineral trioxide aggregate-based (SMTA) as root canal sealer.

Methods: Thirty two mandibular first premolars were equally divided into two groups. They were SRE group and SMTA group. After obturation, the specimens were incubated (370C, 24 h), immersed in Indian ink for 7 days, decalcified, dehydrated, and made transparent. Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope and given score 1-3. Specimen with 0-0,5 mm dye penetration was given score 1, while 0,51-1 mm penetration was given score 2, and > 1 mm was given score 3. The results were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test.

Results: The largest proportion distribution in SMTA group was score 1 (37,5%), whilst the largest proportion distribution in SMTA group was score 1 (21,9%). There was no significant difference between the microleakage of epoxy resin-based and mineral trioxide aggregate-based sealer, observed from the one-third apical leakage.

Conclusion: The microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate based sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer was relatively similar."

"Perawatan saluran akar gigi (endodontik) merupakan salah satu jenis perawatan dalam bidang kedokteran gigi. Jenis perawatan ini memerlukan beberapa kali kunjungan untuk menuntaskan rasa sakit dan keluhan yang dialami seorang pasien, agar gigi dapat berfungsi kembali. Kemauan pasien untuk menjalani tahapan terapi saluran akar gigi hingga tuntas merupakan hal yang sering menjadi kendala. Tesis ini membahas tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku menuntaskan perawatan akar gigi pada pasien dewasa di Lakesgilut TNI AU, yang meliputi gambaran perilaku menuntaskan, gambaran faktor pemudah, pemampu dan penguat, hubungan ketiga faktor tersebut dengan perilaku menuntaskan serta faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku menuntaskan perawatan saluran akar gigi. Penelitian yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian univariat menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien menuntaskan perawatan saluran akar gigi, yang kebanyakan terdiri dari pasien wanita, berusia > 48,5 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi, dengan pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga atau tidak bekerja, memiliki pengetahuan tentang gigi yang tinggi serta sikap yang mendukung perawatan. Pada analisis bivariat, hanya faktor sikap yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan perilaku menuntaskan perawatan saluran akar gigi, dengan nilai p sebesar 0,039, dengan OR 2,439 (95% CI: 1,114 ? 5,339) atau dengan kata lain pasien bersikap mendukung perawatan saluran akar gigi berpeluang menuntaskan perawatan sebesar 2,4 kali dibanding yang tidak bersikap mendukung. Pada analisis multivariat, faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan perilaku menuntaskan perawatan saluran akar gigi adalah sikap pasien dan jumlah kunjungan yang diperlukan untuk perawatan saluran akar gigi. Sikap pasien memiliki nilai p 0,030 dengan OR = 2,543 dan jumlah kunjungan memiliki nilai p sebesar 0,010 dengan OR = 0,294.

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Dental root canal treatment (endodontics) is the one of treatment in the field of dentistry. This type of treatment requires multiple visits to complete and complaints of pain experienced by a patient, so that the teeth can function again. Patient's willingness to undergo root canal treatment stages to completion is often a constraint.

This thesis explores the factors associated with behavioral treatment completed dental roots in adult patients in Lakesgilut Air Force, which includes the description of complete behavior, predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcing factors, the relationship of these three factors with behavioral and completed the most dominant factor the complete behavior of root canal treated teeth. The research used in this thesis is a descriptive quantitative research design.

The results of univariate showed that most patients complete dental root canal treatment, which consisted mostly of female patients, aged> 48.5 years old, highly educated, with housewives work or do not work, have a high knowledge of dental and supportive attitude treatment.

In the bivariate analysis, only attitudinal factors that have a significant relationship with behavioral completed root canal treatment, with a p value of 0.039, with OR of 2.439 (95% CI: 1.114 to 5.339) or in other words being supportive patient care likely to complete the root canal care by 2.4 times compared to that not being supportive.

In the multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with behavioral completed root canal treatment is the attitude of the patient and the number of visits required for dental root canal treatment. Attitude has a p-value of 0.030 patients with OR = 2.543 and the number of visits has a p value of 0.010 with OR = 0,294."

"By means of a double-chamber model, different root canal filling materials and procedures were compared. Briefly, the root canals of single-rooted human teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were instrumented and obturated by gutta-percha/Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (PCS) or by Resilon, in association with different sealers (Real Seal, RelyX Unicem or Meta). Obturation was achieved by traditional continuous wave of condensation technique (TCWCT), a modified version of it (MCWCT), or single cone technique (SCT). The obturated roots, inserted in a double-chamber model, were sterilized by gamma irradiation. Next, Enterococcus faecalis was added to the upper chamber and the specimens were incubated at 37°C for up to 120 days: the development of turbidity in the lower chambers' broths indicated bacterial leakage through the obturated root canals. The kinetics of leakage were analyzed in different groups by means of Kaplan-Meier statistics and compared by log-rank test. The results showed that root canals obturated with either gutta-percha/PCS using the MCWCT, Resilon/Real Seal SCT or Resilon/RelyX Unicem using the TCWCT displayed significantly better performance than the remaining groups (p < 0.01). Histological evaluation, performed to investigate microbial localization inside specimens, confirmed that this parameter varied according to the obturation procedures and materials employed. This ex vivo study indicates that gutta-percha/PCS, if used with the MCWCT, is as effective as Resilon when coupled to Real Seal with the SCT or, interestingly, to RelyX Unicem with the TCWCT. These data suggest that further improvement of the currently employed root canal filling procedures is achievable, depending on booth the filling materials and the technique employed, thus encouraging clinical studies in this direction."