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"Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap empat spesies pohon yang berpotensi sebagai pohon penyerap polusi udara di dua lokasi berbeda yaitu Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) Bantargebang dan Kampus Universitas Indonesia (UI). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perbedaan anatomi daun Cerbera odollam, Polyalthia longifolia, Swietenia macrophylla, dan Terminalia mantaly di dua lokasi tersebut, sehingga dapat memberikan informasi spesies yang memiliki kemampuan yang paling baik dalam penyerapan polutan udara. Tiga individu dari masing-masing spesies pohon dipilih secara acak di kedua lokasi, dan dari tiap individu diambil dua helai daun untuk dibuat sampel sayatan anatomi. Sayatan melintang daun dibuat dengan hand sliding microtome, sedangkan sayatan paradermal dibuat dengan metode pengerikan (scraping). Berdasarkan pengukuran parameter lingkungan, TPST Bantargebang memiliki iklim mikro yang lebih panas, kering, dan terang serta cenderung memiliki polusi udara yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Kampus UI. Hasil pengamatan anatomi menunjukkan, T. mantaly memiliki ketebalan kutikula, kutikula, dan indeks stomata yang lebih rendah di TPST Bantargebang dibandingkan Kampus UI. Ketebalan lapisan kutikula dan epidermis mengindikasikan pertahanan terhadap polutan, kekeringan dan pembelokan sinar matahari berlebih agar tidak merusak jaringan internal daun. Oleh karena itu, diduga T. mantaly sensitif terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Spesies C. odollam dan S. macrophylla memiliki ketebalan dari lamina, epidermis adaksial dan abaksial, mesofil, tinggi parenkim palisade, dan kerapatan stomata yang lebih tinggi di TPST Bantargebang dibandingkan Kampus UI (P<0,05). Kerapatan stomata tertinggi terdapat pada S. macrophylla dan memiliki indeks stomata yang lebih tinggi di TPST Bantargebang. Kerapatan dan indeks stomata dapat menjadi parameter tumbuhan disebut sebagai penyerap polutan udara dan bioindikator. Semakin tinggi kerapatan dan indeks stomata di area terpolusi menunjukkan tumbuhan tersebut merupakan bioindikator yang baik. Spesies dengan kategori paling baik sampai kurang baik sebagai penyerap polutan dan bioindikator yaitu S. macrophylla, C. odollam, P. longifolia, dan T. mantaly.

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Research has been conducted on four tree species that have the potential to absorb air pollution at two locations, namely Bantargebang integrated waste management site (landfill) and Universitas Indonesia (UI) campus. This study aims to determine and analyze the anatomical differences of the leaves of Cerbera odollam, Polyalthia longifolia, Swietenia macrophylla, and Terminalia mantaly in Bantargebang landfill and UI campus to provide information on species that have the best ability to absorb air pollutants. Three individuals were selected randomly from each species at each location, and two leaves were taken from each individual. Cross section of leaf anatomy was made using the hand sliding microtome, while paradermal section were made using the scraping method. Based on the measurement of environmental parameters, Bantargebang landfill has a microclimate that is hotter, drier, and brighter and tends to have higher air pollution than the UI campus. The results of anatomical observations showed that T. mantaly had a lower cuticle thickness, cuticle, and stomatal index in Bantargebang landfill compared to UI Campus. The thickness of cuticle and epidermis layer indicates a defense against pollutants, and also helps the plant to retain leaf moisture and deflect excess sunlight from damaging the leaf tissue. Therefore, it is suspected that T. mantaly is sensitive to environmental changes. Cerbera odollam and Swietenia macrophylla had a thickness of lamina, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, mesophyll, palisade parenchyma height, and higher stomatal density in Bantargebang landfill than UI Campus (P<0.05). The highest stomatal density was found in S. macrophylla and had a higher stomatal index in Bantargebang landfill. Stomatal density and stomatal index can be used as plant parameters, which are known as air pollutant absorbers and bioindicators. The higher the density and the stomatal index in the polluted area, the more suitable the plant are to be used as absorber of air pollution and biondicator. The results showed that species with good to poor categories as as pollutant absorbers and bioindicators were S. macrophylla, C. odollam, P. longifolia, and T. mantaly."

"Experts in climate and water sciences from Canada, the United States, Brazil, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, France, Serbia, and other European countries and the UNESCO gathered at the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts on the occasion of the 130th birthday anniversary of the geophysicist Milutin Milankovitch. The collection of their presentations is opened by an update on the climate situation after the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Further topics include various issues of paleoclimatology, in particular as it helps reduce uncertainties from which prospects for climate change suffer, ecohydrology and climate change at the watershed scale, and regional climate models, which are discussed in terms of both their improved modeling and their use in studies of a polynya in the Antarctica and expected changes in the Mediterranean region."

"Four leading scientists present the most up-to-date discoveries in the different fields of Ice Age Research. They reveal how the epoch was discovered, the profound climatic fluctuations it generated as ice sheets waxed and waned, and the myriad ways in which humans and animals coped with the changing world they lived in."

"Dampak penting dari semburan Lumpur panas adalah pencemaran lingkungan salah satunya adalah kenaikan intensitas bau. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi H2S, persepsi masyarakat tentang gangguan kesehatan dari H2S, menghitung perkiraan risiko dan pencegahannya. Variabel penelitian adalah konsentrasi H2S, persepsi tentang gangguan kesehatan (iritasi mata, sakit kepala, dizzines, hyperpnoea, apnoea, asphyxia).Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran langsung dan kuesioner. Pemilihan lokasi adalah purposive dan responden dengan simple random. Hasil dan pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi H2S diatas bakumutu Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996. Uji Pearson Chi Square adalah Ҳ<0,05 antara konsentrasi H2S dengan iritasi mata, sakit kepala, dizzines dan hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05). Pajanan risiko tinggi sebesar 0?0,91 mgkg-1hari-1 (HQ 0- 1825,3) dan risiko rendah 0-0,0011 mgkg-1hari-1 (HQ 0-3,29). Pencegahan risiko dengan meningkatkan kondisi, nutrisi dan penggunaan APD.Kesimpulan dan saran penelitian ini rata-rata konsentrasi H2S di atas 0,2 ppm. Karakterisasi risiko pajanan sebagaian besar adalah diatas dosis harian yang aman, untuk itu disarankan meningkatkan kondisi dan tidak sering kontak langsung pada sumber.

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The major impacts of the Torrent of Hot Mud which happened in May 2006 in Sidoarjo are the changes in environment, social and economy. Another impact which has been identified is the increase of odor intensity which is suspected to be originated from an air pollutan H2S. A smelling disorder happened in which the intensity of odor is predicted to have caused the air pollution in areas surrounding the spewing of hot mud in Sidoarjo.Based on the result of the test conducted by Ministry of Environmental (KLH), it is discovered there are a number pollutants the concentration which are above the standard quality of odor and H2S is one of them. H2S gas is a colorless gas with a strong odor similar to the smell of a rotten egg. A high concentration of H2S can react with tears and sweat resulting sulfuric acid and bring about impacts such as eyes and skin irritation. In addition, exposure to H2S with the concentration 0f 0,025?25 ppm in human requires human to use breathing aid. Problem this research is there isn?t environmental pollution for study of health risk mon environment.Based on evaluation result of the acquired data, the topics of the destination in this research are 1) to find out about the concentration of H2S in the affected areas and to find out about the difference of H2S concentration in the areas with a high risk and the areas with a low risk, 2) to find out about perception of community about odor intensity 3) to find out about perception of community about health problems or not and whether there is a difference between concentration of H2S with the distribution 6 health problems and the duration of stay, age, education, income and job, 4) to calculation about the level of exposure from the pollutan indicator H2S, 5) to calculation about the level characterization of risk from the pollutan indicator H2S,6) to choice about alternative prevention and control. The variables of this research are H2S, distance from the center of torrent of the mud to the points of sampling location, the data on the 6 health problems (eyes irritation, headache, dizziness, asphyxia, apnea and hyperpnoea) which the community suffer and the data consisting of duration of stay, age, sex, education, job and income.The data collection is conducted by direct measurement, and interview with a xii questionnaire. The calculation of exposure and risk characterization (hazard quotient (HQ)) is to determine the exposure level of the pollutan H2S. The selection of location for the research is based on the areas affected by purposive sampling. The size of sample is determined by the size of the population and 10% of trust level, and the selection of respondents is based on the simple random.The data analysis is conducted to find out about the significant difference on the fourth problems. Result for this research is concentration of H2S in that location is above the standard quality as established by the decree of Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996 especially for Siring District, perception of community about health problems gotten there is different significant between concentration of H2S with eye irritation, headache, dizziness and hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05). Pollution of H2S not influence with losing of job, education and income. Risk assessment with a high risk had intake 0-0,91 mgkg-1day-1(HQ=0-1825,3) and area with a low risk had intake 0,0011 mgkg-1day-1. Average HQ score above from reference concentration. To control effort with wear self protection equipment, masks, glasses and avoiding frequent, direct contacts with the source.Conclusion from this research are 1) The result of the analysis in the location with a low risk shows that the concentration of H2S in that location is above the standard quality as established by the decree of Kep-50/MENLH/11/1996, 2) perception of community in high risk area about smell of odor is seldom (57%) smell (57%) and in the low risk area is often (63%) strong of smell (76%), 3) Pearson Chi square test show there is significant difference in concentration of H2S with 4 health problems are eye irritation, headache, dizziness and hyperpnoea (Ҳ<0,05), 4) The calculation of the exposure score in the area with the highest risk is 0-0,91 mgkg- 1day-1 and in an area with a low risk it is 0, 0011 mgkg-1day-1, 5) the HQ score in a high risk is 0-1825,3 and in a low risk it is 0-3,29. In a high risk environment, it shows that the HQ score is much bigger than the HQ score in a low risk environment, 6) HQ score > 1 shows that there is a risk of health problems in the affected community. For the reason, it is necessary to carry out the alternative control effort both in areas with a high risk and in areas with a low risk with to wear self protection equipment, masks, glasses and avoiding frequent, direct contacts with the source and decides desease vector are to correct environment , quality of drinking and to correct immune of host. From the result and the discussion, the recommendation is: Regulatory of H2S had intake above reference concentration, avoid recommending re-investigate and necessary to integrated study of environment risk assessment."

"Jalan Raya Daan Mogot-Pesing Kota Jakarta Barat merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki fungsi vital karena dikelilingi perumahan, industri, pasar, menghubungkan dua kota besar (Jakarta Barat dan Tanggerang), serta merupakan jalan raya yang memiliki titik konsentrasi PM2.5 tertinggi dengan 298 µg/m3 berdasarkan data IQair. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah penelitian yang dapat menganalisis risiko kesehatan terhadap masyarakat yang tinggal disekitarnya akibat pajanan PM2.5. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ARKL dengan sampel udara pada 4 titik pengukuran dan sampel subjek sebanyak 96 responden. Pengambilan sampel udara menggunakan alat Dusttrak sedangkan pengambilan data sampel subjek dilakukan dengan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran PM2.5 pada 4 titik pengukuran, terdapat 3 titik yang konsentrasinya telah berada diatas baku mutu PP No.22 tahun 2021 pada titik 2 dengan 73,8 µg/m3, titik 3 dengan 57,2 µg/m3, dan titik 4 dengan 155,4 µg/m3. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, didapatkan data rerata berat badan responden 59,5 kg, umur 44,5 tahun, waktu pajanan 24 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 350 hari/tahun, dan durasi pajanan 20 tahun. Intake realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 pengukuran dengan konsentrasi maksimum 0,03 mg/kg/hari dan 0,05 mg/kg/hari. RQ realtime dan lifetime tertinggi berada pada titik 4 dengan nilai maksimum 1,74 dan 2,61. Dibutuhkan manajemen risiko yang dapat menanggulangi titik dengan kategori berisiko diantaranya edukasi penggunaan masker, menanam tanaman penyaring debu dalam rumah, peningkatan gizi, serta penghijauan jalan raya.

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Daan Mogot-Pesing road of West Jakarta is a highway that has a vital function because it is surrounded by housing, industry, markets, connects two big cities (West Jakarta and Tangerang), and is a highway that has the highest PM2.5 concentration point with 298 µg/m3 based on IQair data. Therefore, a study is needed that can analyze the health risks to the people who live around them due to PM2.5 exposure. This study used the EHRA method with air samples at 4 measurement points and a sample of 96 respondents. Air samples were taken using the Dusttrak tool while the subject sample data was collected by interview. Based on the results of PM2.5 measurements at 4 measurement points, there are 3 points whose concentrations are above the PP No. 22 of 2021 quality standards at point 2 with 73.8 µg/m3, point 3 with 57.2 µg/m3, and point 4 with 155.4 µg/m3. Based on the interview results, the average respondent's body weight was 59.5 kg, age 44.5 years, exposure time 24 hours/day, exposure frequency 350 days/year, and exposure duration 20 years. The highest realtime and lifetime intakes were at point 4 of measurement with a maximum concentration of 0.03 mg/kg/day and 0.05 mg/kg/day. The highest realtime and lifetime RQ is at point 4 with a maximum value of 1.74 and 2.61. Risk management is needed that can address points with risk categories including education on using masks, planting dust filter plants in the house, improving nutrition, and planting plants around the road."

"Presents a range of options for international climate policy. Highly topical analysis of the debate over possible successors to the Kyoto agreement.This book addresses the need to design a post-2012 international climate change policy architecture and presents six proposals for successors to the Kyoto Protocol. Some of these proposals build on the foundation established by the Kyoto agreement, while others focus on the need for developing an entirely new policy infrastructure. Commentaries provide critical reviews of the policy designs and political questions raised by the proposals."

"This study analyzes the impact of air pollution on the city in which customers are located on the trade credit strategy of their suppliers. Following the framework of environmental stress theory, we hypothesize that suppliers change their trade credit strategy to grant less trade credit to their customers located in cities with severe air pollution. Our findings are consistent with our hypothesis. We find that the adverse effects of air pollution occur through financial constraints, operating risk, and customers' default risk, corroborating the underlying logic of our proposed hypothesis. Additional analyses suggest that changes in a supplier's trade credit are more pronounced when a customer is in a polluting industry, has low total factor productivity, receives fewer government subsidies, has fewer bank loans, is far from its suppliers, and has poor inventory management."